Cultura escrita en la escuela : aproximaciones históricas y nuevos retos para su enseñanza por Anne-Marie Chartier.

El artículo hace referencia a un Seminario Internacional organizado por la Red de Animación a la Lectura del Fondo de Cultura Económico (FCE), la embajada de Francia y la de México e impartido por Anne Marie Chartier. Las jornadas tuvieron lugar en México del 5 al 8 de noviembre, y en ellas se abordaron temas como la obligatoriedad de la escuela y del oficio de enseñar durante el S XIX, el impacto de las tecnologías en el S. XX, y el papel que debe desempeñar la educación en este nuevo mundo, en el que las actuales exigencias crean una nueva forma de analfabetismo.

The child and the letter: Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

This essay engages with the question of childhood in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Despite narrating a conflict concerning child custody, childhood is a subject rarely broached by the critics of the text. Indeed, the only instance of the child being addressed in criticism grants it the power to enclose potentially subversive narrative. This is a function attributed to the framing structure of the novel by other critics. This essay returns the child to Brontë’s text as a disruptive rather than containing force. Through a detailed close analysis of the novel I track such disruptions, and the extent to which these point to wider theoretical or methodological difficulties in critical accounts of childhood and absence in literature. The essay makes interventions into psychoanalysis, childhood studies, and the discourse of ‘framing’ within C19th literature.

Resistance, regard and rewriting: Virginia Woolf and Anne Thackeray Ritchie

This article discusses the literary relationship of the novelist and memoirist,Anne Thackeray Ritchie (1837–1919), and her step-niece, Virginia Woolf.Ritchie’s influence was a highly significant one which prompted a powerful ambiguity in Woolf, who was alternately admiring and dismissively anxious to deny influence, eager to relegate her to a staunchly Victorian past while covertly sensitive to those elements in her writing linking her with Modernism. These ‘Modern’ elements, including emphasis on the subjective nature of reality and the everyday life of the mind, occur in Ritchie’s fiction, affecting its style and structure. This article focuses on Night and Day, then on Woolf ’s more direct comments about Ritchie in diaries, letters and essays, comparing these comments and Woolf ’s theoretical agenda in defining Modernism and, implicitly, her own place in it. It also considers some of Ritchie’s fiction, with particular attention to two novellas, one a source for To The Lighthouse.

Dietary factors impact on the association between CTSS variants and obesity related traits

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cathepsin S, a protein coded by the CTSS gene, is implicated in adipose tissue biology--this protein enhances adipose tissue development. Our hypothesis is that common variants in CTSS play a role in body weight regulation and in the development of obesity and that these effects are influenced by dietary factors--increased by high protein, glycemic index and energy diets. METHODS: Four tag SNPs (rs7511673, rs11576175, rs10888390 and rs1136774) were selected to capture all common variation in the CTSS region. Association between these four SNPs and several adiposity measurements (BMI, waist circumference, waist for given BMI and being a weight gainer-experiencing the greatest degree of unexplained annual weight gain during follow-up or not) given, where applicable, both as baseline values and gain during the study period (6-8 years) were tested in 11,091 European individuals (linear or logistic regression models). We also examined the interaction between the CTSS variants and dietary factors--energy density, protein content (in grams or in % of total energy intake) and glycemic index--on these four adiposity phenotypes. RESULTS: We found several associations between CTSS polymorphisms and anthropometric traits including baseline BMI (rs11576175 (SNP N°2), p = 0.02, β = -0.2446), and waist change over time (rs7511673 (SNP N°1), p = 0.01, β = -0.0433 and rs10888390 (SNP N°3), p = 0.04, β = -0.0342). In interaction with the percentage of proteins contained in the diet, rs11576175 (SNP N°2) was also associated with the risk of being a weight gainer (p(interaction) = 0.01, OR = 1.0526)--the risk of being a weight gainer increased with the percentage of proteins contained in the diet. CONCLUSION: CTSS variants seem to be nominally associated to obesity related traits and this association may be modified by dietary protein intake.