904 resultados para Modelos de elementos finitos


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Dissertao (mestrado)Universidade de Braslia, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.

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Realizacin de un modelo numrico mediante elementos finitos del proceso de diamantado, mediante el cual ser capaces de determinar el flujo de calor entrante en el diamante.

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Dissertao (mestrado)Universidade de Braslia, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Eltrica, 2015.

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Dissertao (mestrado)Universidade de Braslia, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

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Partially encased columns have significant fire resistant. However, it is not possible to assess the fire resistance of such members simply by considering the temperature of the steel. The presence of concrete increases the mass and thermal inertia of the member and the variation of temperature within the cross section, in both the steel and concrete components. The annex G of EN1994-1-2 allows to calculate the load carrying capacity of partially encased columns, for a specific fire rating time, considering the balanced summation method. New formulas will be used to calculate the plastic resistance to axial compression and the effective flexural stiffness. These two parameters are used to calculate the buckling resistance. The finite element method is used to compare the results of the elastic critical load for different fire ratings of 30 and 60 minutes. The buckling resistance is also calculated by the finite element method, using an incremental and iterative procedure. This buckling resistance is also compared with the simple calculation method, evaluating the design buckling curve that best fits the results.

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Em diferentes reas da medicina existem processos cirrgicos que envolvem a furao de tecido sseo, dependendo o seu sucesso da conjugao de diversos parmetros. A previso e o controlo dos parmetros envolvidos so fundamentais para a reduo do dano no tecido sseo. Este trabalho de investigao tem como objetivo avaliar o estado de tenso gerado durante o processo de furao utilizando materiais slidos de espumas de poliuretano rgidas com caractersticas similares ao osso humano. Durante a furao dos materiais slidos so utilizados mtodos experimentais, baseados na extensometria e na termografia, para anlise das deformaes e da temperatura na broca. Os parmetros envolvidos na furao so a velocidade de rotao e a geometria da broca constantes em diferentes testes, sendo varivel a velocidade de avano. Em simultneo, foi desenvolvido um modelo numrico de formulao explcita, com recurso ao mtodo de elementos finitos, atravs do programa LS-DYNA. Os resultados permitem obter o campo de tenses nos materiais slidos em funo dos diferentes parmetros de furao. Para a mesma velocidade de rotao e geometria da broca, a diminuio na velocidade de avano provoca o aumento do nvel de tenso. Em relao resistncia mecnica da espuma de poliuretano rgida utilizada, e para a zona de medio instrumentada, no h registo de dano material. O dano provocado na zona de furao pela remoo do material.

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Oil wells subjected to cyclic steam injection present important challenges for the development of well cementing systems, mainly due to tensile stresses caused by thermal gradients during its useful life. Cement sheath failures in wells using conventional high compressive strength systems lead to the use of cement systems that are more flexible and/or ductile, with emphasis on Portland cement systems with latex addition. Recent research efforts have presented geopolymeric systems as alternatives. These cementing systems are based on alkaline activation of amorphous aluminosilicates such as metakaolin or fly ash and display advantageous properties such as high compressive strength, fast setting and thermal stability. Basic geopolymeric formulations can be found in the literature, which meet basic oil industry specifications such as rheology, compressive strength and thickening time. In this work, new geopolymeric formulations were developed, based on metakaolin, potassium silicate, potassium hydroxide, silica fume and mineral fiber, using the state of the art in chemical composition, mixture modeling and additivation to optimize the most relevant properties for oil well cementing. Starting from molar ratios considered ideal in the literature (SiO2/Al2O3 = 3.8 e K2O/Al2O3 = 1.0), a study of dry mixtures was performed,based on the compressive packing model, resulting in an optimal volume of 6% for the added solid material. This material (silica fume and mineral fiber) works both as an additional silica source (in the case of silica fume) and as mechanical reinforcement, especially in the case of mineral fiber, which incremented the tensile strength. The first triaxial mechanical study of this class of materials was performed. For comparison, a mechanical study of conventional latex-based cementing systems was also carried out. Regardless of differences in the failure mode (brittle for geopolymers, ductile for latex-based systems), the superior uniaxial compressive strength (37 MPa for the geopolymeric slurry P5 versus 18 MPa for the conventional slurry P2), similar triaxial behavior (friction angle 21 for P5 and P2) and lower stifness (in the elastic region 5.1 GPa for P5 versus 6.8 GPa for P2) of the geopolymeric systems allowed them to withstand a similar amount of mechanical energy (155 kJ/m3 for P5 versus 208 kJ/m3 for P2), noting that geopolymers work in the elastic regime, without the microcracking present in the case of latex-based systems. Therefore, the geopolymers studied on this work must be designed for application in the elastic region to avoid brittle failure. Finally, the tensile strength of geopolymers is originally poor (1.3 MPa for the geopolymeric slurry P3) due to its brittle structure. However, after additivation with mineral fiber, the tensile strength became equivalent to that of latex-based systems (2.3 MPa for P5 and 2.1 MPa for P2). The technical viability of conventional and proposed formulations was evaluated for the whole well life, including stresses due to cyclic steam injection. This analysis was performed using finite element-based simulation software. It was verified that conventional slurries are viable up to 204F (400C) and geopolymeric slurries are viable above 500F (260C)

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A artroplastia a soluo para diversos problemas que destabilizam a articulao do joelho. Os profissionais de sade tem ao seu dispor vrias prteses, variando essencialmente a geometria e o material. O trabalho foca-se no estudo biomecnico de prteses do joelho. Atravs de um modelo aproximado pretendeu-se obter o melhor desempenho de uma prtese, variando geometrias e materiais. O modelo biomecnico foi submetido a um carregamento compresso permitindo avaliar as zonas de maior desgaste sseo.

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Dissertao de Mestrado, Engenharia Eltrica e Eletrnica, Especializao em Sistemas de Energia e Controlo, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

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The oil production in mature areas can be improved by advanced recovery techniques. In special, steam injection reduces the viscosity of heavy oils, thus improving its flow to surrounding wells. On the other hand, the usually high temperatures and pressures involved in the process may lead to cement cracking, negatively affecting both the mechanical stability and zonal isolation provided by the cement sheath of the well. The addition of plastic materials to the cement is an alternative to prevent this scenario. Composite slurries consisting of Portland cement and a natural biopolymer were studied. Samples containing different contents of biopolymer dispersed in a Portland cement matrix were prepared and evaluated by mechanical and rheological tests in order to assess their behavior according to API (American Petroleum Institute) guidelines. FEM was also applied to map the stress distribution encountered by the cement at bottom bole. The slurries were prepared according to a factorial experiment plan by varying three parameters, i.e., cement age, contents of biopolymer and water-to-cement ratio. The results revealed that the addition of the biopolymer reduced the volume of free water and the setting time of the slurry. In addition, tensile strength, compressive strength and toughness improved by 30% comparing hardened composites to plain Portland slurries. FEM results suggested that the stresses developed at bottomhole may be 10 to 100 times higher than the strength of the cement as evaluated in the lab by unconfined mechanical testing. An alternative approach is proposed to adapt the testing methodology used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of oilwell cement slurries by simulating the confined conditions encountered at bottornhole

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The research and development of wind turbine blades are essential to keep pace with worldwide growth in the renewable energy sector. Although currently blades are typically produced using glass fiber reinforced composite materials, the tendency for larger size blades, particularly for offshore applications, has increased the interest on carbon fiber reinforced composites because of the potential for increased stiffness and weight reduction. In this study a model of blade designed for large generators (5 MW) was studied on a small scale. A numerical simulation was performed to determine the aerodynamic loading using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Two blades were then designed and manufactured using epoxy matrix composites: one reinforced with glass fibers and the other with carbon fibers. For the structural calculations, maximum stress failure criterion was adopted. The blades were manufactured by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), typical for this type of component. A weight comparison of the two blades was performed and the weight of the carbon fiber blade was approximately 45% of the weight of the fiberglass reinforced blade. Static bending tests were carried out on the blades for various percentages of the design load and deflections measurements were compared with the values obtained from finite element simulations. A good agreement was observed between the measured and calculated deflections. In summary, the results of this study confirm that the low density combined with high mechanical properties of carbon fibers are particularly attractive for the production of large size wind turbine blades

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Na engenharia mecnica h cada vez mais necessidade de utilizar e de prever o comportamento das mquinas trmicas, mais propriamente dos motores de combusto interna, em especial na rea da manuteno e da preveno de falha num dos componentes vitais de um motor a 4 tempos: o veio de manivelas. Esta situao j tem sido bastante observada na indstria mecnica naval, nomeadamente na Marinha Portuguesa e, devido ao seu elevado grau de importncia no desempenho de qualquer motor, decidiu-se focar o trabalho desta tese no estudo dos motores a diesel S.E.M.T Pielstick das unidades navais da Marinha Portuguesa, mais especificamente das corvetas da classe Joo Coutinho e da classe Baptista de Andrade, devido ao historial de ocorrncia de falhas no veio de manivelas nesta classe de navios e em outras da Marinha Portuguesa. Para efetuar este estudo, utilizaram-se todos os dados relativos ao historial de ocorrncias de falhas destes motores, bem como todos os dados disponveis do fabricante destes motores, por forma a reproduzir da forma mais fivel possvel um modelo tridimensional do veio de manivelas no programa de modelao informtica CAD Solidworks, e possibilitar a anlise cinemtica do veio de manivelas. Desta forma, foi possvel simular as condies de funcionamento do motor, assim como analisar e determinar a causa de falha do veio de manivelas, visando prolongar a vida til dos veios de manivelas, contribuindo no s para menores custos de manuteno mas tambm para o aumento da operacionalidade destes navios.

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O comportamento ao fogo de pilares de ao inseridos em paredes de edifcios substancialmente diferente dos pilares quando isolados. O contacto com as paredes provoca por um lado um efeito de reduo das temperaturas, revelando-se de certa forma favorvel em termos de comportamento ao fogo, mas por outro lado provocando um aquecimento diferencial das seces levando ao aparecimento de esforos desfavorveis (momentos fletores) nos pilares, aumentando a instabilidade. Este ltimo fenmeno designa-se de Thermal Bowing, provocado pelo aquecimento diferencial, deve ser avaliado por uma quantificao rigorosa das temperaturas nos perfis de ao. O estudo foi realizado em dois nveis, numrico e experimental. Foram testados pilares inseridos em paredes de alvenaria, tanto com a alma paralela como perpendicular parede. Pretendeu-se assim, avaliar o efeito da ao trmica diferencial no comportamento estrutural dos pilares e concluir qual o efeito das paredes sobre estes na sua resistncia estrutural. Foram ainda alvo de anlise o nvel de carregamento e a esbelteza do pilar. Compararam-se os resultados dos ensaios experimentais com os estudos numricos, reproduzindo as condies utilizadas nos ensaios experimentais, por forma a contribuir para o desenvolvimento/melhoria dos mtodos de dimensionamento dos pilares em situao de incndio. O programa experimental comportou a realizao de ensaios em pilares de ao de seco H, embebidos em paredes. A modelao numrica dos ensaios foi realizada utilizando o programa de computador de elementos finitos ABAQUS, elaborando-se uma anlise geomtrica e material no - linear. Os principais resultados deste trabalho de investigao foram uma melhor avaliao da evoluo de temperaturas na seco transversal dos pilares de ao com aquecimento diferencial, inseridos em paredes, deslocamentos, foras de restrio e esforo axial da decorrentes. A partir destes resultados, realizou-se uma anlise detalhada do deslocamento do centro de gravidade ao longo do tempo, provocada pela degradao das propriedades mecnicas do ao.

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El presente trabajo muestra el avance que se tiene en el proyecto denominado Diseo y Construccin de un Nano-Satlite, que se lleva a cabo en la ESIME U.P.-Ticoman del Instituto Politcnico Nacional. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo principal introducir a los alumnos en el que hacer espacial, se trata de un satlite con un peso de un kilogramo y es un cubo de 10 cm de lado y cuya carga til tiene MEMS (sistema de micro-electromecnicos) que harn las veces de pndulo electrnico, lo anterior y los armnicos gravitacionales permitirn determinar la forma de la tierra. Se presenta el fundamento matemtico, los componentes del satlite, el diseo preliminar de la estructura, la manufactura de la estructura, los resultados de un ensaye estructural destructivo y el anlisis esttico por elementos finitos.