Gestengestützte Schema- und Datenexploration

Der Zugang zu Datenbanken über die universelle Abfragesprache SQL stellt für Nicht-Spezialisten eine große Herausforderung dar. Als eine benutzerfreundliche Alternative wurden daher seit den 1970er-Jahren unterschiedliche visuelle Abfragesprachen (Visual Query Languages, kurz VQLs) für klassische PCs erforscht. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, eine generische VQL zu entwickeln und zu erproben, die eine gestenbasierte Exploration von Datenbanken auf Schema- und Instanzdatenebene für mobile Endgeräte, insbesondere Tablets, ermöglicht. Dafür werden verschiedene Darstellungsformen, Abfragestrategien und visuelle Hints für Fremdschlüsselbeziehungen untersucht, die den Benutzer bei der Navigation durch die Daten unterstützen. Im Rahmen einer Anforderungsanalyse erwies sich die Visualisierung der Daten und Beziehungen mittels einer platzsparenden geschachtelten NF2-Darstellung als besonders vorteilhaft. Zur Steuerung der Datenbankexploration wird eine geeignete Gestensprache, bestehend aus Stroke-, Multitouch- und Mid-Air-Gesten, vorgestellt. Das Gesamtkonzept aus Darstellung und Gestensteuerung wurde anhand des im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten GBXT-Prototyps auf seine reale Umsetzbarkeit hin, als plattformunabhängige Single-Page-Application für verschiedene mobile Endgeräte mittels JavaScript und HTML5/CSS3 untersucht.

Investigations on selected chalcogenide glasses towards the realization of photonic devices

Among various optical sensing schemes, infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for detecting and determining the composition of complex organic samples since vibrational finger prints of all biomolecules and organic species are located in this window. This spectroscopic technique is simple, reliable, fast, non-destructive, cost-effective while having low sensitivity. Use of metallic nanoparticles in association with a good IR transparent sensing substrate, is one of the promising solutions to enhance the sensitivity. Chalcogenide glasses are promising substrate material because of their extended optical transmission window starting from the visible to the far infrared range up to 20 μm, high refractive index usually between 2 and 3 and high optical nonlinearity, which make them good candidates as IR sensors and optical ultrafast nonlinear devices. These glasses are favorable sensor materials for the infrared spectral range because of their high IR transparency to allow for low optical loss at wavelengths corresponding to the characteristic optical absorption bands of organic molecules, high refractive index for tight confinement of optical energy within the resonator structure, processibility into thin film form, chemical compatibility for adhesion of silver nano particles and thin films and resistance to the chemical environment to be sensed. Molecules adsorbed to silver island structures shows enhanced IR absorption spectra and the extent of enhancement is determined by many factors such as the size, density and morphology of silver structures, optical and dielectric properties of the substrate material etc.

Spatio-temporal coverage optimization of sensor networks

Les réseaux de capteurs sont formés d’un ensemble de dispositifs capables de prendre individuellement des mesures d’un environnement particulier et d’échanger de l’information afin d’obtenir une représentation de haut niveau sur les activités en cours dans la zone d’intérêt. Une telle détection distribuée, avec de nombreux appareils situés à proximité des phénomènes d’intérêt, est pertinente dans des domaines tels que la surveillance, l’agriculture, l’observation environnementale, la surveillance industrielle, etc. Nous proposons dans cette thèse plusieurs approches pour effectuer l’optimisation des opérations spatio-temporelles de ces dispositifs, en déterminant où les placer dans l’environnement et comment les contrôler au fil du temps afin de détecter les cibles mobiles d’intérêt. La première nouveauté consiste en un modèle de détection réaliste représentant la couverture d’un réseau de capteurs dans son environnement. Nous proposons pour cela un modèle 3D probabiliste de la capacité de détection d’un capteur sur ses abords. Ce modèle inègre également de l’information sur l’environnement grâce à l’évaluation de la visibilité selon le champ de vision. À partir de ce modèle de détection, l’optimisation spatiale est effectuée par la recherche du meilleur emplacement et l’orientation de chaque capteur du réseau. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme basé sur la descente du gradient qui a été favorablement comparée avec d’autres méthodes génériques d’optimisation «boites noires» sous l’aspect de la couverture du terrain, tout en étant plus efficace en terme de calculs. Une fois que les capteurs placés dans l’environnement, l’optimisation temporelle consiste à bien couvrir un groupe de cibles mobiles dans l’environnement. D’abord, on effectue la prédiction de la position future des cibles mobiles détectées par les capteurs. La prédiction se fait soit à l’aide de l’historique des autres cibles qui ont traversé le même environnement (prédiction à long terme), ou seulement en utilisant les déplacements précédents de la même cible (prédiction à court terme). Nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes dans chaque catégorie qui performent mieux ou produits des résultats comparables par rapport aux méthodes existantes. Une fois que les futurs emplacements de cibles sont prédits, les paramètres des capteurs sont optimisés afin que les cibles soient correctement couvertes pendant un certain temps, selon les prédictions. À cet effet, nous proposons une méthode heuristique pour faire un contrôle de capteurs, qui se base sur les prévisions probabilistes de trajectoire des cibles et également sur la couverture probabiliste des capteurs des cibles. Et pour terminer, les méthodes d’optimisation spatiales et temporelles proposées ont été intégrées et appliquées avec succès, ce qui démontre une approche complète et efficace pour l’optimisation spatio-temporelle des réseaux de capteurs.

Analisi sperimentale e progettazione di cinematismi atti alla movimentazione di devices protesici all’interno di una camera di deposizione pvd

analisi sperimentale e progettazione di cinematismi atti alla movimentazione di devices protesici all’interno di una camera di deposizione pvd. descrizione delle tecniche di deposizione PVD attualmente esistenti. deduzione e progetto ex novo, con l'ausilio di Autodesk Inventor (CAD 3D), di movimentazioni per particolari devices medici dalla geometria complessa all'interno di una speciale camera di deposizione.

Utility Analysis for Multiple Selection Devices and Multiple Outcomes

Traditional utility analysis only calculates the value of a given selection procedure over random selection. This assumption is not only an inaccurate representation of staffing policy but also leads to overestimates of a device’s value. This paper presents a more accurate method for computing the validity of a selection battery for when there are multiple selection devices and multiple criteria. Application of the method is illustrated using previous utility analysis work and an actual case of administrative assistants with eight predictors and nine criteria. A final example also is provided that includes these advancements as well as other researchers’ advances in a combined utility model. Results reveal that accounting for multiple criteria and outcomes dramatically reduces the utility estimates of implementing new selection devices.

Evaluation of control devices for asphalt pavement recycling operations : summary report for research project HR-188, 1982

The objective of the research project was to seek acceptable solutions to the air pollution problem created in the asphalt recycling process using modified conventional equipment.

Development of Medical Devices

The medical devices sector helps save lives by providing innovative health care solutions regarding diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment, and alleviation. Medical devices are classified into 1 of 3 categories in the order of increasing risk: Class I, Class II, and Class III.1 Medical devices are distinguished from drugs for regulatory purposes based on mechanism of action. Unlike drugs, medical devices operate via physical or mechanical means and are not dependent on metabolism to accomplish their primary intended effect.

Secure Web Service Clients on Mobile Devices

Enterprise apps on mobile devices typically need to communicate with other system components by consuming web services. Since most of the current mobile device platforms (such as Android) do not provide built-in features for consuming SOAP services, extensions have to be designed. Additionally in order to accommodate the typical enhanced security requirements of enterprise apps, it is important to be able to deal with SOAP web service security extensions on client side. In this article we show that neither the built-in SOAP capabilities for Android web service clients are sufficient for enterprise apps nor are the necessary security features supported by the platform as is. After discussing different existing extensions making Android devices SOAP capable we explain why none of them is really satisfactory in an enterprise context. Then we present our own solution which accommodates not only SOAP but also the WS-Security features on top of SOAP. Our solution heavily relies on code generation in order to keep the flexibility benefits of SOAP on one hand while still keeping the development effort manageable for software development. Our approach provides a good foundation for the implementation of other SOAP extensions apart from security on the Android platform as well. In addition our solution based on the gSOAP framework may be used for other mobile platforms in a similar manner.

Simplified design method for energy dissipating devices in retrofitting of seismically isolated bridges

Abstract: Highway bridges have great values in a country because in case of any natural disaster they may serve as lines to save people’s lives. Being vulnerable under significant seismic loads, different methods can be considered to design resistant highway bridges and rehabilitate the existing ones. In this study, base isolation has been considered as one efficient method in this regards which in some cases reduces significantly the seismic load effects on the structure. By reducing the ductility demand on the structure without a notable increase of strength, the structure is designed to remain elastic under seismic loads. The problem associated with the isolated bridges, especially with elastomeric bearings, can be their excessive displacements under service and seismic loads. This can defy the purpose of using elastomeric bearings for small to medium span typical bridges where expansion joints and clearances may result in significant increase of initial and maintenance cost. Thus, supplementing the structure with dampers with some stiffness can serve as a solution which in turn, however, may increase the structure base shear. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a simplified method for the evaluation of optimal parameters for dampers in isolated bridges. Firstly, performing a parametric study, some directions are given for the use of simple isolation devices such as elastomeric bearings to rehabilitate existing bridges with high importance. Parameters like geometry of the bridge, code provisions and the type of soil on which the structure is constructed have been introduced to a typical two span bridge. It is concluded that the stiffness of the substructure, soil type and special provisions in the code can determine the employment of base isolation for retrofitting of bridges. Secondly, based on the elastic response coefficient of isolated bridges, a simplified design method of dampers for seismically isolated regular highway bridges has been presented in this study. By setting objectives for reduction of displacement and base shear variation, the required stiffness and damping of a hysteretic damper can be determined. By modelling a typical two span bridge, numerical analyses have followed to verify the effectiveness of the method. The method has been used to identify equivalent linear parameters and subsequently, nonlinear parameters of hysteretic damper for various designated scenarios of displacement and base shear requirements. Comparison of the results of the nonlinear numerical model without damper and with damper has shown that the method is sufficiently accurate. Finally, an innovative and simple hysteretic steel damper was designed. Five specimens were fabricated from two steel grades and were tested accompanying a real scale elastomeric isolator in the structural laboratory of the Université de Sherbrooke. The test procedure was to characterize the specimens by cyclic displacement controlled tests and subsequently to test them by real-time dynamic substructuring (RTDS) method. The test results were then used to establish a numerical model of the system which went through nonlinear time history analyses under several earthquakes. The outcome of the experimental and numerical showed an acceptable conformity with the simplified method.

Diffusion de représentations d’itinéraires adaptées aux personnes à mobilité réduite selon les interfaces multimodales des appareils mobiles

L’accessibilité universelle est de nos jours très importante pour nos villes, car elle permet à toute personne, ayant des incapacités physiques ou non, de mener à bien ses activités socio-professionnelles. À travers le monde, plusieurs projets ont vu le jour comme AXS Map à New York ou AccesSIG en France. Au Canada, un projet multidisciplinaire nommé MobiliSIG ayant pour lieu d’expérimentation la ville de Québec a vu le jour en 2013. L’objectif du projet MobiliSIG est de concevoir et développer une application multimodale d’assistance au déplacement des personnes à mobilité réduite. Ce projet se concentre principalement sur la constitution d’une base de données d’accessibilité se référant au modèle PPH (Processus de Production du Handicap). Nos travaux visent à définir la diffusion d’itinéraires adaptés, adaptables et adaptatifs liés à des contextes multi-utilisateurs, multiplateformes, multimodaux (interfaces et transports) et multi-environnements. Après une revue de littérature et afin d’identifier et définir les besoins liés à cette diffusion des données de navigation, nous nous sommes attelés à la description de plusieurs scénarios pour mieux comprendre les besoins des utilisateurs : planification d’un déplacement et navigation dans le milieu urbain ; parcours multimodal ; recherche d’un point d’intérêt (toilettes accessibles). Cette démarche nous a permis également d’identifier les modes de communication et représentations souhaitées de l’itinéraire (carte, texte, image, parole, …) et de proposer une approche basée sur la transformation de l’itinéraire reçu de la base de données d’accessibilité. Cette transformation est effectuée en tenant compte des préférences de l’utilisateur, de son appareil et de son environnement. La diffusion de l’itinéraire se fait ensuite par un service web de diffusion conçu selon le standard du W3C sur les architectures multimodales (MMI) en combinaison avec le concept de la plasticité des interfaces. Le prototype développé a permis d’avoir comme résultat un système qui diffuse de façon générique l’information de navigation adaptée, adaptable et adaptative à l’utilisateur, à son appareil et à son environnement.

Incorporation of Hysteretic Effects in Model-Order Reduction Analysis of Magnetic Devices

The ability to predict the properties of magnetic materials in a device is essential to ensuring the correct operation and optimization of the design as well as the device behavior over a wide range of input frequencies. Typically, development and simulation of wide-bandwidth models requires detailed, physics-based simulations that utilize significant computational resources. Balancing the trade-offs between model computational overhead and accuracy can be cumbersome, especially when the nonlinear effects of saturation and hysteresis are included in the model. This study focuses on the development of a system for analyzing magnetic devices in cases where model accuracy and computational intensity must be carefully and easily balanced by the engineer. A method for adjusting model complexity and corresponding level of detail while incorporating the nonlinear effects of hysteresis is presented that builds upon recent work in loss analysis and magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) modeling. The approach utilizes MEC models in conjunction with linearization and model-order reduction techniques to process magnetic devices based on geometry and core type. The validity of steady-state permeability approximations is also discussed.

Implications of TiO2 surface functionalization on polycrystalline mixed halide perovskite films and photovoltaic devices

We exploit TiO2 surface functionalization as a tool to induce the crystallization process of CH3NH3PbI3xClx perovskite thin films resulting in a reduction of the degree of orientation of the (110) crystallographic planes. Notably, the variation of the film crystalline orientational order does not affect the photovoltaic performances of the perovskite-based devices, whose efficiency remains mostly unchanged. Our findings suggest that other factors are more significant in determining the device efficiency, such as the non-homogenous coverage of the TiO2 surface causing charge recombination at the organic/TiO2 interface, defect distribution on the perovskite bulk and at the interfaces, and transport in the organic or TiO2 layer. This observation represents a step towards the comprehension of the perovskite film peculiarities influencing the photovoltaic efficiency for high performance devices.

Bioanalytical applications of microfluidic devices

The first part of the thesis describes a new patterning technique--microfluidic contact printing--that combines several of the desirable aspects of microcontact printing and microfluidic patterning and addresses some of their important limitations through the integration of a track-etched polycarbonate (PCTE) membrane. Using this technique, biomolecules (e.g., peptides, polysaccharides, and proteins) were printed in high fidelity on a receptor modified polyacrylamide hydrogel substrate. The patterns obtained can be controlled through modifications of channel design and secondary programming via selective membrane wetting. The protocols support the printing of multiple reagents without registration steps and fast recycle times. The second part describes a non-enzymatic, isothermal method to discriminate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP discrimination using alkaline dehybridization has long been neglected because the pH range in which thermodynamic discrimination can be done is quite narrow. We found, however, that SNPs can be discriminated by the kinetic differences exhibited in the dehybridization of PM and MM DNA duplexes in an alkaline solution using fluorescence microscopy. We combined this method with multifunctional encoded hydrogel particle array (fabricated by stop-flow lithography) to achieve fast kinetics and high versatility. This approach may serve as an effective alternative to temperature-based method for analyzing unamplified genomic DNA in point-of-care diagnostic.

The importance of environmental sustainability in public procurement of medical devices in health care sector

The aim of this thesis was to examine the role of environmental sustainability in the procurement of medical devices in health care sector. Current literature is mainly focused on other product groups and medical devices have been left without sufficient attention. Nevertheless, EU has recently developed green public procurement criteria for medical devices (EU GPP criteria for health care EEE) in order to support and offer guidelines for purchasers in hospitals. In this study, the criteria were used as a framework in order to examine the most significant environmental aspects for medical devices. The empirical research was executed in Finnish public hospitals with mixed method approach; quantitative data was collected by a survey and qualitative data was collected by interviews held for procurement specialists. The focus was on understanding the importance of environmental sustainability in the procurement of medical devices and which environmentally sustainable features would be the most significant. Of interest was also the medical device supplier view and how they could take environmental sustainability into consideration.

Interference lithography for optical devices and coatings

Interference lithography can create large-area, defect-free nanostructures with unique optical properties. In this thesis, interference lithography will be utilized to create photonic crystals for functional devices or coatings. For instance, typical lithographic processing techniques were used to create 1, 2 and 3 dimensional photonic crystals in SU8 photoresist. These structures were in-filled with birefringent liquid crystal to make active devices, and the orientation of the liquid crystal directors within the SU8 matrix was studied. Most of this thesis will be focused on utilizing polymerization induced phase separation as a single-step method for fabrication by interference lithography. For example, layered polymer/nanoparticle composites have been created through the one-step two-beam interference lithographic exposure of a dispersion of 25 and 50 nm silica particles within a photopolymerizable mixture at a wavelength of 532 nm. In the areas of constructive interference, the monomer begins to polymerize via a free-radical process and concurrently the nanoparticles move into the regions of destructive interference. The holographic exposure of the particles within the monomer resin offers a single-step method to anisotropically structure the nanoconstituents within a composite. A one-step holographic exposure was also used to fabricate self- healing coatings that use water from the environment to catalyze polymerization. Polymerization induced phase separation was used to sequester an isocyanate monomer within an acrylate matrix. Due to the periodic modulation of the index of refraction between the monomer and polymer, the coating can reflect a desired wavelength, allowing for tunable coloration. When the coating is scratched, polymerization of the liquid isocyanate is catalyzed by moisture in air; if the indices of the two polymers are matched, the coatings turn transparent after healing. Interference lithography offers a method of creating multifunctional self-healing coatings that readout when damage has occurred.