三七总皂苷对大鼠海马CA1区兴奋性突触活动的影响

目的:研究三七总皂苷(Panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元兴奋性突触活动的作用和机理。方法:采用"盲法"全细胞膜片钳技术,记录PNS(0.05~0.4 g/L)对3~4周雄性wistar大鼠海马脑片(400μm)CA1区兴奋性突触后电流(excitatory post synaptic currents,EPSCs)和自发的微小兴奋性突触后电流(miniature excitatory post synapticcurrents,mEPSCs)幅度及频率的影响。结果:0.1~0.4 g/L PNS显著抑制海马脑片CA1区EPSCs(P<0.05);0.05~0.4 g/LPNS可明显增加CA1区锥体神经元自发mEPSCs的产生频率,但并不影响mEPSCs的幅度。结论:PNS可作用于突触前位点对海马神经元兴奋性突触活动产生调节作用,PNS增加mEPSCs频率的作用可能与促进突触前膜nAChR的激动有关,这可能是其调节海马神经元的兴奋性进而发挥益智作用的机制之一;PNS对EPSCs和mEPSCs的不同作用说明PNS是选择性抑制膜去极化所诱发的递质释放过程,PN...

海马环路中的组合突触可塑性与大鼠情绪研究

海马在某些类型的学习和记忆中起着关键的作用，而突触可塑性（synaptic plasticity）为学习和记忆的模型提供了理论基础。在海马环路中，分布着各种类型的可塑性，包括突触特异的Hebbian形式的可塑性，如长时程增强（long-term potentiation，LTP）和长时程抑制（long-term depression，LTD）；稳态可塑性（homeostatic plasticity），如突触缩放（synaptic scaling）。稳态可塑性是一种整体的调控过程，它可以调节神经元甚至神经网络的平衡；而Hebbian可塑性则是突触特异的，即每个突触进行单独调控的过程。 越来越多的研究提示稳态可塑性和Hebbian可塑性之间存在着空间间隙（spatial gap），那么，如何使得神经元可以通过Hebbian可塑性的过程来维持细胞整体的兴奋性就变得尤为重要。一些报道揭示了LTP和LTD可以在同一突触通路中同时被激活，因此，我们提出组合突触可塑性的概念，即LTP和LTD的组合，它在赋予系统灵活性的同时又可以降低噪音维持系统的稳定性。基于此，本文将围绕这个问题而开展实验工作。 通过对海马CA1区锥体神经元的微小兴奋性突触后电流（miniature excitatory synaptic current, mEPSC）进行测定分析，我们发现mEPSC的幅度分布符合双峰正态分布（double-peak normal distribution）。Theta节律刺激（theta burst stimuli, TBS）诱导后，mEPSC的幅度分布发生改变，呈现右移趋势。随后，采用干扰肽Pep-A2特异地阻断LTP而不影响LTD，我们发现Pep-A2不影响基础状态下mEPSC的幅度分布。在干扰肽Pep-A2存在下，TBS诱导对基础状态下mEPSC的幅度分布也没有影响。结果为揭示LTP和LTD的组合可塑性提供了初步的证据，对进一步理解记忆的编码过程提供了一定的基础。社交隔离可以引起实验大鼠产生焦虑样和抑郁样的行为，而性经历可以改变动物的情绪状态，降低焦虑样和抑郁样的反应。然而，性经历后进行社交隔离对大鼠情绪的影响并没有报道。在这部分工作中，雄性大鼠经历一周的社交活动（male-male paired housing）或者性活动（male-female paired housing），随后进行一段时间的隔离（1天，2天或者7天）。我们发现，经历过性活动的大鼠，无论隔离与否都表现出相似的情绪反应，包括焦虑样和抑郁样行为以及超声波（ultrasonic vocalizations，USVs）发放；而未经历过性活动的大鼠，其情绪反应随着隔离时间的不同而不同。这一现象提示我们，先前的性经历可以对抗实验动物对环境应激事件，如社交隔离的反应。

An Electro-osmotic Fuel Pump for Dircet Methanol Fuel Cells

This work reports on the design and performance evaluation of a miniature direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)integrated with an electro_osmotic(EO)pump for methanol delivery.Electro-osmotic pumps require minimal parasitic power while boasting no moving parts and simple fuel cell integration.Here ,aneletro-osmotic pump is realized from a commercially available porous glass frit.We characterize a custom-fabricated DMFC with a free convection cathode and coupled to an extennal electro-osmotic pump operated at applied potentials of 4.0,7.0,and 10V.Maximum gross power density of our free convection DMFC(operated at 50°)is 55 mW/cm2 using 4.0 mol/L concentration methanol solution supplied by the EO pump.Experimental results show that electro-osmotic pumps can deliver 2.0,4.0 and 8.0mol/L methanol/water mixtures to DMFCs while utilizing ~5.0% of the fuel cell power.Furthermore ,we discuss pertinent design considerations when using electro-osmotic pumps with DMFCs and areas of further study.

食虫目核心类群的比较分子细胞遗传学研究

食虫目（Order Insectivora）是理解哺乳动物系统进化关系的一个关键类群。然 而, 对于其分类以及系统发育的关系，300 多年的研究都没有得出一致的结论。染色 体在进化过程中所发生的重组可以作为生物分类和系统发育关系的一个指标。通过 比较染色体涂色技术（Chromosome Painting）可以从全基因组水平揭示染色体同源 关系，并且可以鉴定物种进化过程中所发生的染色体重组。 本论文旨在对分布在我国的猬科、鼹科与鼩鼱科的代表物种的基因组结构进行 研究。通过比较染色体涂色的方法，建立了它们与人的基因组同源性。通过人与食 虫目主要代表类群的比较染色体涂色研究，我们从全基因组水平揭示了食虫目几个 代表类群之间的核型系统发育关系。研究结果表明： 猬科动物具有高度重组的基因组结构。人染色体片段联合HAS 4/8/5 和11/15 可 能是猬科动物的细胞遗传学鉴定特征。 与猬科动物具有高度重组的核型相比，鼹科动物的基因组结构相对保守。染色 体臂间的倒位是鼹科核型进化的主要方式。 鼩鼱科中的麝鼩亚科动物具有保守的核型。 以染色体重排作为系统发育指标，鼩鼱科与鼹科相对于猬科，具有比较近的亲 缘关系。 食虫目核心类群（猬科，鼹科与鼩鼱科）的基因组结构与现划入Afrotheria 超目 的象鼩科、无尾猬科和金鼹科的基因组结构有很大的差异。 此外，本研究所构建的比较染色体图谱，有助于已经测序的人的基因组序列信 息向其他没有基因定位数据的食虫目动物转移

三株肺癌细胞株的分子细胞遗传学研究

本课题采用流式细胞分选和双向及多色的染色体涂色等技术，详细地分析了三株非小细胞肺癌细胞系（YTMLC-90、GLC-82和A549）核型的异同，以揭示其核型特点，并希望能够找到三株细胞系共有的染色体断裂位点和可能发生的基因重组。染色体涂色技术揭示了三株细胞复杂的染色体数目和结构畸变。引人注目的是YTMLC-90和GLC-82具有相似且保守的核型，其中GLC-82的核型与其刚建立时的核型相比几乎没有发生改变。这与A549 的核型特点差别迥异。YTMLC-90 和GLC-82都有23 条异常染色体，除了i (5p) 有3个拷贝外，其余均为单拷贝；A549 有13条衍生染色体。在这三株细胞中，含有两个共有的断裂位点：HSA12q13 和 8q24.1。通过对NCBI的CancerChromosome数据库进行数据挖掘，发现8个可能的肿瘤相关基因位于这两个位点，其中3个已经被证实是肿瘤相关基因，其它5个基因可能是潜在的肿瘤抑制基因，需要进一步的实验来验证。

利用比较染色体涂色和BAC定位技术探讨麂属动物染色体的起源和演化

比较细胞遗传学研究发现物种的形成过程往往伴随着核型结构的变化，各种鹿属动物染色体的巨大差异正是很好的例证'赤魔的染色体被证明是由具有端着丝粒的祖先染色体经过多次的串联融合进化而来的。根据祖先染色体的形态和连接方式，可以将染色体串联融合主要分为三类：着丝粒一着丝粒融合，着丝粒一端粒融合和端粒一端粒融合。经典细胞遗传学，比较染色体涂色，卫星DNA序列和部分融合位点序列比较研究都支持串联融合假说。但串联融合的类型和分子机制迄今没有完全弄清楚。本论文旨在对魔属动物的串联融合类型和分子机制进行研究，分为两个部分：一、通过比较染色体涂色的方法，建立小鹿一林察一大额牛的比较染色体图谱，结合以前发表的结果来阐明鹿科（小魔）与牛科（大额牛），寮科（林磨）之间的核型关系；二、建立赤鹿的全基因组BAc文库，通过克隆定位的方法确立在赤魔的染色体进化过程中所发生的串联融合类型，并对其机制进行探讨。主要结果如下：利用小鹿的染色体特异探针与林寮，大额牛的染色体进行杂交，首次建立了小鹿一大额牛，小魔一林察的核型对比关系。结果显示小鹿的1-5、11号染色体均与林集和大额牛的多段染色体同源。结合高分辨的G带比较，发现小魔1-5和11号染色体上的与林爵和大额牛对应的所有同源片断在小鹿染色体上呈着丝粒一端粒连接排列。从而进一步证明小鹿的1-5和11号染色体是由2n=70的祖先核型通过染色体的着丝粒一端粒串联融合方式进化而来的。建立了我国第一个赤魔全基因组BAC文库，该文库由124800个克隆组成。大部分插入片段的大小在100-145kb之间，片段的平均大小为12＜0kb。克隆定位显示克隆的分布与小鹿染色体大小成正比关系，说明整个文库没有染色体的偏倚，文库为整个基因组的6倍，覆盖率几乎为100％。通过赤鹿BAC克隆在小魔和赤鹿染色体上的精确定位，使我们得以准确判断小鹿染色体在赤鹿染色体同源片段上的连接方式，并确定串联融合的类型。结果进一步支持赤鹿的核型是由一个2n=70祖先核型通过着丝粒一端粒的融合方式进化而来的。

Self-assembled monolayer growth of phospholipids on hydrophobic surface toward mimetic biomembranes: Scanning probe microscopy study

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and lateral force microscopy (LFM) were used simultaneously to analyze a model membrane bilayer structure consisting of a phospholipid outer monolayer deposited onto organosilane-derivatized mica surfaces, which were constructed by using painting and self-assembly methods. The phospholipid used as outer monolayer was dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The hydrocarbon-covered substrate that formed the inner half bilayer was composed of a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) of octadecyltrichloroorganosilane (OTS) on mica. SAMs of DMPC were formed by exposing hydrophobic mica to a solution of DMPC in decane/isobutanol and subsequently immersing into pure water. AFM images of samples immersed in solution for varying exposure times showed that before forming a complete monolayer the molecules aggregated into dense islands (2.2-2.6 nm high) on the surface. The islands had a compact and rounded morphology. LFM, coupled with topographic data obtained with the atomic force mode, had made possible the distinction between DMPC and OTS. The rate constant of DMPC growth was calculated. This is the first systematic study of the SAM formation of DMPC by AFM and LFM imaging. It reveals more direct information about the film morphology than previous studies with conventional surface analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, X-ray, or fluorescence microscopy.

Supported phospholipid membranes: Comparison among different deposition methods for a phospholipid monolayer

Supported lipid membranes consisting of self-assembled alkanethiol and lipid monolayers on gold substrates could be produced by three different deposition methods: the Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) technique, the painted method, and the paint-freeze method, By using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry/chronocoulometry and a.c. impedance measurements, we demonstrated that lipid membranes prepared by these three deposition methods had obvious differences in specific capacitance, resistance and thickness. The specific capacitance of lipid membranes prepared by depositing an L-B monolayer on the alkanethiol alkylated surfaces was 0.53 mu Fcm(-2), 0.44 mu Fcm(-2) by the painted method and 0.68 mu Fcm(-2) by the paint-freeze method. The specific conductivity of lipid membranes prepared by the L-B method was over three times lower than that of the painted lipid membranes, while that of the paint-freeze method was the lowest. The difference among the three types of lipid membranes was ascribed to the influence of the organic solvent in lipid films and the changes in density of the films. The lipid membranes prepared by the usual painted method contained a trace amount of the organic solvent. The organic solvent existing in the hydrocarbon core of the membrane reduced the density of the membrane and increased the thickness of the membrane. The membrane prepared by depositing an L-B monolayer containing no solvent had higher density and the lowest fluidity, and the thickness of the membrane was smaller. The lipid membrane prepared by the paint-freeze method changed its structure sharply at the lower temperature. The organic solvent was frozen out of the membrane while the density of the membrane increased greatly. All these caused the membrane to exist in a ''tilted'' state and the thickness of this membrane was the smallest. The lipid membrane produced by the paint-freeze method was a membrane not containing organic solvent. This method was easier in manipulation and had better reproducibility than that of the usual painting method and the method of forming free-standing lipid film. The solvent-free membrane had a long lifetime and a higher mechanical stability. This model membrane would be useful in many areas of scientific research.

A moored underwater energy conservation system for profiling measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current, wave, temperature and so on in the South China Sea. A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships, is under development to acquire data from this area. This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system. It incorporates a small, instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation. On a pre-set schedule, the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no strip passing by, which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar. And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming. Since, because Of logistics, the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired, energy demands are severe. To respond to these concerns, the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down. Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode, it is advanced and economical. At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.

一种FPGA的嵌入式可重构机器人控制系统

提出一种基于FPGA的可重构嵌入式微处理器控制系统.在FPGA中嵌入两个NiosⅡ软核,用VHDL语言编写用户自定义组件.在一个由NiosⅡ软核组成的处理器上实现PWM信号生成、编码器信号处理以及多电机同步伺服运算等,在另一个处理器实现机器人任务管理.该控制系统针对微小型爬壁机器人的控制系统设计,不仅具有良好的实时多任务处理能力,而且具有可重构的特点,因而可应用于一类微小型机器人控制系统以提高其设计的灵活性.

小型爬壁机器人系统设计与应用

针对一种小型的双足爬壁机器人,设计开发了基于DSP2812处理芯片的控制系统.该机器人系统采用双足真空吸盘式结构和用3个电机驱动5个关节的欠驱动结构.双足真空吸盘式结构使其可以在光滑的墙面和天棚行走,又能够在交接面之间完成跨步行走.而欠驱动结构减少了电机的数目,从而减小了机器人的尺寸和降低了机器人的质量和能量消耗,但它也给机器人的控制和运动规划带来了新的挑战.已完成的系统设计包括运动模式设计、关节控制、通信模块设计和吸盘足控制等.实验结果证明了所提出方案的可行性.

微小型爬壁机器人机构与控制方法的研究

近十年来人们对专用爬壁机器人领域的研究越来越感兴趣。如清洗高层建筑、石油气罐的喷漆喷砂、核工业设施的检测维护、援助消防和营救工作以及危险环境的远程监控等都急需一种自动化设备。爬壁机器人, 因其可以吸附墙壁表面和携带适当的传感器或工具，是这些工作的最佳候选。 本文中设计了一种反恐侦察爬壁机器人系统。在反恐侦察中，将微小型爬壁机器人上安装无线摄像头、麦克风等装置，代替侦察人员探测狭小空间内部的敌情，不但能提高侦察的准确度，还能增强安全性，减小人员伤亡。针对这一应用背景，国家863 计划提供资金开展了反恐侦察爬壁机器人样机系统的研制项目。 这种侦察爬壁机器人样机采用了两足式结构和欠驱动机构设计，使得机器人具有灵活的运动能力和多种运动方式。该机器人可以壁面爬行、穿越管道和跨越交叉面。两个有力的吸盘足依靠真空泵抽取吸盘内气体来实现吸附墙面。欠驱动机构减少了电机数量，使得机器人尺寸、重量和功耗都较小，但却对控制增加了挑战。机器人运动学方程被求出，这有助于我们理解其运动机理。 机器人上有无线遥控和无线视频传输系统分别负责接收指令和采集图像信息。针对该爬壁机器人在体积，重量，功耗和速度上的要求，本文提出了以TI公司的TMS320F2812DSP 为控制芯片的嵌入式控制系统的设计方案, 控制器的主要功能是实现多电机实时控制，搭建高效可靠的人机通讯和机器人运动规划。层次较高的操作指令采用有限状态机理论实现跟踪机器人运动状态。 电机的伺服控制，是整个控制系统设计中最基本、最重要的部分。对此本文提出了梯形速度规划和PID 控制策略，经过参数优化，基本达到了控制精度的要求。 最后，通过实验验证了机器人高效的能力，表明侦察爬壁机器人样机系统具备了执行反恐侦察的基本功能。

轮足复合式微小型爬壁机器人机构与控制研究

本文以反恐侦查为应用背景，以国家“863”计划支持项目 “微小型爬壁机器人系统样机的研制” （编号：2005AA420230）为依托，在两足尺蠖式微小型爬壁机器人研究的基础上，针对微小型爬壁机器人的机构与控制的难点问题，提出了新型的爬壁机器人机构并设计了机器人的硬件控制系统。本文主要包括以下五方面的研究工作：1.提出了一种新型的轮足复合式爬壁机器人机构，对机器人的机构进行了分析与综合；2.推导了机器人的运动学方程，分析了机器人的移动与越障机理，仿真分析了机器人的移动与越障性能；3.针对控制系统功能模块化的要求，设计了基于DSP与CPLD的硬件控制系统；4. CPLD的硬件逻辑功能设计，实现了控制系统软件功能的硬件化；5. 轮足复合式爬壁机器人系统样机的实验研究。 一、在腿足式和轮式爬壁机器人研究的基础上，基于行星轮系运动及双足真空吸附原理，提出了一种新型轮足复合式爬壁机器人机构；针对机器人功能要求，对机器人的机构进行了设计与分析研究，机器人的运动关节采用非对称设计，将运动与姿态调整复合，减少了运动关节数，结构紧凑。 二、基于D-H坐标变换方法对机器人的运动学特性进行了分析，在此基础上分析了机器人的移动及越障机理，即直线行走、平面旋转和交叉壁面的跨越分析；分析了外角交叉面跨越过程中机器人距离交叉面的安全距离参数范围；仿真分析比较了本文提出的新型轮足复合式爬壁机器人与两足尺蠖式爬壁机器人的运动性能和越障能力。 三、针对机器人控制系统功能的模块化难点问题，设计了基于DSP与CPLD的硬件控制系统；利用CPLD中的硬件逻辑模块可重复调用的优点，方便的实现控制系统功能的扩展，实现了控制系统硬件设计的模块化；CPLD用户自定I/O引脚的功能，有利于提高控制系统硬件设计的灵活性。 四、分析了DSP采样查询方式的系统功能扩展DSP资源占用率高的问题，将原来由软件实现的功能改为在CPLD中由硬件实现，降低了DSP的资源占有率，提高了控制系统的稳定性，实现了控制系统软件功能的硬件化。 五、以新型了轮足复合式爬壁机人样机为实验平台，验证机器人移动与越障机理的理论分析与仿真分析正确性，控制系统的稳定性，以及无线通讯和图像传输的可靠性。 关键词 爬壁机器人；行星轮系；真空吸附；嵌入式控制系统

微功耗海底地震仪的研制

Our motherland has large area of maritime space. Searching and developing ocean becomes more and more important. So Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) as an absolutely necessary equipment can be used in many oceanic fields. OBS not only is an important instrument for discovering structure of lithosphere of ocean bottom, but also plays a main role of oceanic geophysical exploration. The paper introduces my relational work. The MCI micro-power broad frequency seismometer was developed independently. Its power dissipation is less than 300mW. It has some merits including miniature volumeN light mass and cheap price. It is an ideal device not only for the collection high-resolution natural seismic data, but also for the fields of seismic sounding and engineering seismology. Many new high technique were applied to develop this instrument including over-sampling A/D converter, high performance 32bit Micro Process Unit and Flash memory with smart-media interface. Base on the achievement, I have accomplished the showpiece of OBS, which is applied to the deepwater oil and gas geophysical exploration. Because of micro-power dissipation, the seismograph and the sonar releaser can be integrated into a sphere cabin. By this means, the instrument's frequency of resonance and frequency of couple are improved obviously. The data acquisition system of OBS is improved from MCI seismometer. The capacity of flash memory is enlarge from 1G bytes to 8G bytes. The advance MPU in data acquisition system is used to integrate other function modules such as sonar, GPS, compass and digital transmitter.

两种超微细矿物粉体材料的制备及应用研究

Superfine mineral materials are mainly resulted from the pulverization of natural mineral resources, and are a type of new materials that can replace traditional materials and enjoy the most extensive application and the highest degree of consumption in the present day market. As a result, superfine mineral materials have a very broad and promising prospect in terms of market potential. Superfine pulverization technology is the only way for the in-depth processing of most of the traditional materials, and is also one of the major means for which mineral materials can realize their application. China is rich in natural resources such as heavy calcite, kaolin, wollastonite, etc., which enjoy a very wide market of application in paper making, rubber, plastics, painting, coating, medicine, environment-friendly recycle paper and fine chemical industries, for example. However, because the processing of these resources is generally at the low level, economic benefit and scale for the processing of these resources have not been realized to their full potential even up to now. Big difference in product indices and superfine processing equipment and technologies between China and advanced western countries still exists. Based on resource assessment and market potential analysis, an in-depth study was carried out in this paper about the superfine pulverization technology and superfine pulverized mineral materials from the point of mineralogical features, determination of processing technologies, analytical methods and applications, by utilizing a variety of modern analytical methods in mineralogy, superfine pulverization technology, macromolecular chemistry, material science and physical chemistry together with computer technology and so on. The focus was placed on the innovative study about the in-depth processing technology and the processing apparatus for kaolin and heavy calcite as well as the application of superfine products. The main contents and the major achievements of this study are listed as follows: 1. Superfine pulverization processing of mineral materials shall be integrated with the study of their crystal structures and chemical composition. And special attention shall be put on the post-processing technologies, rather than on the indices for particle size, of these materials, based on their fields of application. Both technical feasibility and economic feasibility shall be taken into account for the study about superfine pulverization technologies, since these two kinds of feasibilities serve as the premise for the industrialized application of superfine pulverized mineral materials. Based on this principle, preposed chemical treatment method, technology of synchronized superfine pulverization and gradation, processing technology and apparatus of integrated modification and depolymerization were utilized in this study, and narrow distribution in terms of particle size, good dispersibility, good application effects, low consumption as well as high effectiveness of superfine products were achieved in this study. Heavy calcite and kaolin are two kinds of superfine mineral materials that enjoy the highest consumption in the industry. Heavy calcite is mainly applied in paper making, coating and plastics industries, the hard kaolin in northern China is mainly used in macromolecular materials and chemical industries, while the soft kaolin in southern China is mainly used for paper making. On the other hand, superfine pulverized heavy calcite and kaolin can both be used as the functional additives to cement, a kind of material that enjoys the biggest consumption in the world. A variety of analytical methods and instruments such as transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared analysis, laser particle size analysis and so on were applied for the elucidation of the properties and the mechanisms for the functions of superfine mineral materials as used in plastics and high-performance cement. Detection of superfine mineral materials is closely related to the post-processing and application of these materials. Traditional detection and analytical methods for superfine mineral materials include optical microscopy, infrared spectral analysis and a series of microbeam techniques such as transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and so on. In addition to these traditional methods, super-weak luminescent photon detection technology of high precision, high sensitivity and high signal to noise ratio was also utilized by the author for the first time in the study of superfine mineral materials, in an attempt to explore a completely new method and means for the study of the characterization of superfine materials. The experimental results are really exciting! The innovation of this study is represented in the following aspects: 1. In this study, preposed chemical treatment method, technology of synchronized superfine pulverization and gradation, processing technology and apparatus of integrated modification and depolymerization were utilized in an innovative way, and narrow distribution in terms of particle size, good dispersibility, good application effects, low consumption as well as high effectiveness of superfine products were achieved in the industrialized production process*. Moreover, a new modification technology and related directions for producing the chemicals were invented, and the modification technology was even awarded a patent. 2. The detection technology of super-weak luminescent photon of high precision, high sensitivity and high signal to noise ratio was utilized for the first time in this study to explore the superfine mineral materials, and the experimental results can be compared with those acquired with scanning electron microscopy and has demonstrated its unique advantages. It can be expected that further study may possibly help to result in a completely new method and means for the characterization of superfine materials. 3. During the heating of kaolinite and its decomposition into pianlinite, the diffraction peaks disappear gradually. First comes the disappearance of the reflection of the basal plane (001), and then comes the slow disappearance of the (hkl) diffraction peaks. And this was first discovered during the experiments by the author, and it has never before reported by other scholars. 4. The first discovery of the functions that superfine mineral materials can be used as dispersants in plastics, and the first discovery of the comprehensive functions that superfine mineral materials can also be used as activators, water-reducing agents and aggregates in high-performance cement were made in this study, together with a detailed discussion. This study was jointly supported by two key grants from Guangdong Province for Scientific and Technological Research in the 10th Five-year Plan Period (1,200,000 yuan for Preparation technology, apparatus and post-processing research by using sub-micron superfine pulverization machinery method, and 300,000 yuan for Method and instruments for biological photon technology in the characterization of nanometer materials), and two grants from Guangdong Province for 100 projects for scientific and technological innovation (700,000 yuan for Pilot experimentation of superfine and modified heavy calcite used in paper-making, rubber and plastics industry, and 400,000 yuan for Study of superfine, modified wollastonite of large length-to-diameter ratio).