Selective Hydrogenation of Halogenated Arenes using porous Manganese Oxide (OMS-2) and Platinum supported OMS-2 Catalysts

Porous manganese oxide (OMS-2) and platinum supported on OMS-2 catalysts have been shown to facilitate the hydrogenation of the nitro group on chloronitrobenzene to give chloroaniline with no dehalogenation. Complete conversion was obtained within 2 h at 25 [degree]C and, although the rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature up to 100 [degree]C, the selectivity to chloroaniline remained at 99.0%. Use of Pd/OMS-2 or Pt/Al2O3 resulted in significant dechlorination even at 25 [degree]C and 2 bar hydrogen pressure giving selectivity to chloroaniline of 34.5% and 77.8%, respectively, at complete conversion. This demonstrates the potential of using platinum group metal free catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of halogenated aromatics. Two pathways were observed for the analogous nitrobenzene hydrogenation depending on the catalyst used. The hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was found to follow a direct pathway to aniline and nitrosobenzene over Pd/OMS-2 in contrast to the OMS and Pt/OMS-2 catalysts which resulted in formation of nitrosobenzene, azoxybenzene and azobenzene/hydrazobenzene intermediates before complete conversion to aniline. These results indicate that for the Pt/OMS-2 the hydrogenation proceeds predominantly over the support with the metal acting to dissociate the hydrogen. In the case of the Pd/OMS-2 both the hydrogenation and the hydrogen adsorption occur on the metal sites.

Validated Cfd Study of Indoor Environmental Conditions in a Highly Glazed , Cross-Ventilated Meeting Room

This paper investigates the environmental conditions inside a highly-glazed cross-ventilated meeting room. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an indoor environment is developed with the support of the field measurements performed in a normally operating room. The work presented here follows the steps of the formal calibration methodology for the development of CFD models of naturally ventilated environments. This paper utilises the calibration methodology in order to predict environmental conditions within the highly-glazed cross-ventilated room occupied by people. The CFD model is verified and validated with field measurements performed in an operating building. Moreover, parametric analysis determines the most influential boundary conditions on indoor air temperatures and air speeds

Coordination chemistry for information acquisition and processing

In the 21st century, information has become the most valuable resource that is available to modern societies. Thus, great efforts have been made to develop new information processing and storage techniques. Chemistry can offer a wide variety of computing paradigms that are closely related to the natural processes found in living organisms (e.g., in the nervous systems of animals). Moreover, these phenomena cannot be reproduced easily by solely using silicon-based technology. Other great advantages of molecular-scale systems include their simplicity and the diversity of interactions that occur among them. Thus, devices constructed using chemical entities may be programmed to deal with different information carriers (photons, electrons, ions, and molecules), possibly surpassing the capabilities of classic electronic circuits.

Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4

Schizophrenia is a heritable brain illness with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. Schizophrenia's strongest genetic association at a population level involves variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, but the genes and molecular mechanisms accounting for this have been challenging to identify. Here we show that this association arises in part from many structurally diverse alleles of the complement component 4 (C4) genes. We found that these alleles generated widely varying levels of C4A and C4B expression in the brain, with each common C4 allele associating with schizophrenia in proportion to its tendency to generate greater expression of C4A. Human C4 protein localized to neuronal synapses, dendrites, axons, and cell bodies. In mice, C4 mediated synapse elimination during postnatal development. These results implicate excessive complement activity in the development of schizophrenia and may help explain the reduced numbers of synapses in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.

Marcial e a "Epopeia do quotidiano" : a dimensão épica de um poeta

O século I, que desabrochou numa Idade de Ouro, não findaria sob o signo da boa Fortuna inaugurada pelo primeiro Princeps. O século de Augusto conheceria o seu fim! A Literatura não pôde furtar-se ao fatum de todo um Império e, depois de 69, juntamente com a Magna Vrbs, aguardava um tempo que fosse, finalmente, capaz de uma renovação. Para os anos oitenta do século I, prometiam os Flavianos e as suas consecuções uma nova Aurea Aetas… Porém, revelou-se impossível recuperar o passado: então, como nunca antes, os abastados demandavam a púrpura e a populaça clamava por panem et circenses. E a mudança definitiva dos tempos tinha na produção artística das suas maiores provas — a clientela condenara os autores ao abandono! Longe os círculos de Mecenas, apoiando Horácios e Virgílios que podiam abraçar em exclusivo a sua arte… Marcus Valerius Martialis foi não apenas um autor cuja existência se ressentiria dos constrangimentos que esta época reservou aos poetas, como o que faria da sua obra o mais fiel espelho do seu tempo. Aliás, não fora a sua obra e não se compreenderia cabalmente como foi possível a um escritor sobreviver a esses tempos e trazer à luz o seu trabalho — a uma luz muito especial, na verdade: Hic est quem legis ille, quem requiris, / toto notus in orbe Martialis (1.1.1-2)! Para cantar o novo Império e o seu quotidiano, onde conviviam, a um tempo, a grandeza e a torpeza, nada melhor que uma rude auena, jocosa e mordaz... O epigrama, não a epopeia, era a nova voz de Roma! E Marcial, elevando a sua auena, aplicou toda a sua mestria na celebração da sua Roma e dos Romanos seus concidadãos — hominem pagina nostra sapit (10.4.10). Teremos nós perdido um épico talentoso que se devotou e à sua arte a um género menor ou teremos ganho um cantor ímpar que viveu em perfeita harmonia com o seu tempo? Alcançando a imortalidade, reservada, antes, para os épicos, Marcial alcançou o seu objetivo: si […] / [...] fas est cineri me superesse meo (7.44.7- 8). E, no entanto, o feito singular de Marcial foi dar cumprimento às suas palavras — angusta cantare licet uidearis auena, / dum tua multorum uincat auena tubas. (8.3.21-22) —, escrevendo, sob a forma de epigramas, a primeira e, talvez, a única epopeia do quotidiano!

Blending adaptive governance and institutional theory to explore urban resilience and sustainability strategies in the Rome Metropolitan Area, Italy

Adaptive governance is an emerging theory in natural resource management. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the potential of adaptive governance for delivering resilience and sustainability in the urban context. We explore emerging challenges to transitioning to urban resilience and sustainability: bringing together multiple scales and institutions; facilitating a social-ecological-systems approach and; embedding social and environmental equity into visions of urban sustainability and resilience. Current approaches to adaptive governance could be helpful for addressing these first two challenges but not in addressing the third. Therefore, this paper proposes strengthening the institutional foundations of adaptive governance by engaging with institutional theory. We explore this through empirical research in the Rome Metropolitan Area, Italy. We argue that explicitly engaging with these themes could lead to a more substantive urban transition strategy and contribute to adaptive governance theory.

Renaturing cities using a regionally-focused biodiversity-led multifunctional benefits approach to urban green infrastructure

If a ‘Renaturing of Cities’ strategy is to maximise the ecosystem service provision of urban green infrastructure (UGI), then detailed consideration of a habitat services, biodiversity-led approach and multifunctionality are necessary rather than relying on the assumed benefits of UGI per se. The paper presents preliminary data from three case studies, two in England and one in Germany, that explore how multifunctionality can be achieved, the stakeholders required, the usefulness of an experimental approach for demonstrating transformation, and how this can be fed back into policy. We argue that incorporating locally contextualised biodiversity-led UGI design into the planning and policy spheres contributes to the functioning and resilience of the city and provides the adaptability to respond to locally contextualised challenges, such as overheating, flooding, air pollution, health and wellbeing as well as biodiversity loss. Framing our research to encompass both the science of biodiversity-led UGI and co-developing methods for incorporating a strategic approach to implementation of biodiversity-led UGI by planners and developers addresses a gap in current knowledge and begins to address barriers to UGI implementation. By combining scientific with policy learning and defined urban environmental targets with community needs, our research to date has begun to demonstrate how nature-based solutions to building resilience and adaptive governance can be strategically incorporated within cities through UGI.

Nachrichtendienstpsychologie 3

Der Versuch, nachrichtendienstliche Fragestellungen unter psychologischen Aspekten zu betrachten, ist auf ein positives Interesse gestoßen. In den beiden Bänden Nachrichtendienstpsychologie 1 (Litzcke, 2003) und 2 (Schwan, 2004) der FH Bund erschienen eine Reihe von Aufsätzen, die ein breites Themenspektrum behandeln. Mit Band 1 wurde eine Struktur eingeführt, die sich bewährt hat, und die daher auch für Band 3 beibehalten wird. Die Beiträge des Bandes 3 lassen sich wie folgt zuordnen: 1) Anwendungen vorhandener Konzepte der Psychologie und aus Nachbardisziplinen in den Nachrichtendiensten. Siehe hierzu die Beiträge von Scherer zur Moderation von Qualitätszirkeln im Bundesnachrichtendienst, von Damm und Litzcke zur Akzeptanz des Sicherheitsakteurs „Europa“, von Schwan zur Bedeutung aggressiven Verhaltens für die Arbeit der Nachrichtendienste, von Löhr zum kognitiven Interview und von Wiesen zu den Möglichkeiten einer Gesprächssteuerung. 2) Übertragung psychologischer Methoden auf das Forschungsgebiet Nachrichtendienste zur Gewinnung neuer Ergebnisse / Konzepte. Siehe hierzu die Beiträge von Müller-Enbergs zu den Motiven für eine geheimdienstliche oder nachrichtendienstliche Kooperation bei den inoffiziellen Mitarbeitern der DDR-Staatssicherheit, von Horn zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Operativen Fallanalyse und von Schmalzl zum Konstrukt Einsatzkompetenz. 3) Generierung eigenständiger psychologischer Erkenntnisse und Methoden im Bereich Nachrichtendienste. Dieser Rubrik ist kein Beitrag des Bandes 3 zuzuordnen. Der Abschlussbeitrag von Freitag zur Anwendbarkeit von Täuschungsprinzipien der Zauberkunst in der nachrichtendienstlichen Arbeit entzieht sich dieser Struktur. Der Beitrag ist mit Augenzwinkern geschrieben und soll auch so gelesen werden. Die Themen der Aufsätze sind nicht auf rein nachrichtendienstliche Aufgabenstellungen beschränkt. So werden beispielsweise auch Querschnittsproblematiken behandelt, die nicht nur einem Arbeitsbereich innerhalb der Nachrichtendienste zuzuordnen wären. Damit werden auch Themen behandelt, die ebenso in anderen Behörden und Institutionen von praktischer Relevanz sein können. So ist beispielsweise die Einrichtung von Qualitätszirkeln kein spezifisches Thema der Nachrichtendienste. Da sich aber auch Nachrichtendienste mit der Qualitätssteigerung ihrer Arbeit befassen, ist es angezeigt, entsprechende Ausarbeitungen in die Reihe Nachrichtendienstpsychologie zu integrieren. Auch in Band 3 werden interdisziplinäre Ansätze und Verknüpfungen mit der Polizeipsychologie vorgestellt, auch wenn die dort entwickelten Erkenntnisse und Methoden nicht ungeprüft auf nachrichtendienstliche Aufgabenstellungen übertragen werden können. Gleichwohl können sich aus dem Kontakt zur Polizeipsychologie Anregungen für die Nachrichtendienstpsychologie ergeben.

Nachrichtendienstpsychologie 1

Herausgeberwerk (Litzcke): 1. Die Intelligence-Acht. Überlegungen zu einer wissenschaftlichen Annäherung an nachrichtendienstliches Tun. 2. Korruption in Auslandsnachrichtendiensten 3. Interkulturelle Kommunikation Deutschland - China 4. Aspekte eines nachrichtendienstlichen Gesprächs 5. Nonverbale Lügen- und Machtmerkmale 6. Illegale Migration aus psychologischer und aus nachrichtendienstlicher Sicht 7. Stessbelastung operativ arbeitender Mitarbeiter 8. Psychologie verdeckter Ermittler 9. Psychologische Aspekte des Einsatzes kriminalpolizeilicher Verbindungsbeamter im Ausland 10. Agentinnen aus Liebe - psychologische Betrachtung der Romeomethode

A Bilingual Thesaurus of Everyday Life in Medieval England: Some Issues at the Interface of Semantics and Lexicography

This paper reports on issues at the interface between semantics and lexicography that arose out of the data collection and classification of vocabulary in Anglo-Norman and Middle English in order to create a bilingual thesaurus of everyday life in medieval England. The Bilingual Thesaurus project is based at Birmingham City University and the University of Westminster. Issues to be resolved included the definition of an occupational domain; the creation of a methodology of data collection; the delimitation of domain-specific vocabulary; making distinctions between sense and usage; and the categorisation of the lexical items. Some of these issues are general to thesaurus-making, some are specific to the making of historical thesauruses, while some are unique to the production of a thesaurus of two languages whose use overlapped for several centuries in the late medieval period in England.

Da Ideia ao Mercado: um caminho desenvolvido por meio de mapas conceituais para difundir a cultura da inovação e induzir sua gestão

This thesis objective is to build a cognitive model focused on the diffusion of innovation management and its culture, where the sharing method will be the concept maps. For that construction, in addition to detailing the method, will be also presented the bases of knowledge that served to construct the model. Those bases were built through literature survey that will be also presented. This sharing proposition, proposes to strictly use concept maps instead of texts and the non-hierarchical knowledge construction. Besides the introduction of these guidelines, a navigation tool modeled based on conceptual mapping where the user choices, or better explaining, the user’s possibility to opt, or not, for a certain way, will be based on their own knowledge basis and forward thinking.

Urinary Tract Effects of HPSE2 Mutations

Urofacial syndrome (UFS) is an autosomal recessive congenital disease featuring grimacing and incomplete bladder emptying. Mutations of HPSE2, encoding heparanase 2, a heparanase 1 inhibitor, occur in UFS, but knowledge about the HPSE2 mutation spectrum is limited. Here, seven UFS kindreds with HPSE2 mutations are presented, including one with deleted asparagine 254, suggesting a role for this amino acid, which is conserved in vertebrate orthologs. HPSE2 mutations were absent in 23 non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder probands and, of 439 families with nonsyndromic vesicoureteric reflux, only one carried a putative pathogenic HPSE2 variant. Homozygous Hpse2 mutant mouse bladders contained urine more often than did wild-type organs, phenocopying human UFS. Pelvic ganglia neural cell bodies contained heparanase 1, heparanase 2, and leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains-2 (LRIG2), which is mutated in certain UFS families. In conclusion, heparanase 2 is an autonomic neural protein implicated in bladder emptying, but HPSE2 variants are uncommon in urinary diseases resembling UFS.

On and off air: an ethnographic exploration of minority radio in Portugal

Taking a Media Anthropology’s approach to dynamics of mediated selfrepresentation in migratory contexts, this thesis starts by mapping radio initiatives produced by, for and/or with migrants in Portugal. To further explore dynamics of support of initial settlement in the country, community-making, cultural reproduction, and transnational connectivity - found both in the mapping stage and the minority media literature (e.g. Kosnick, 2007; Rigoni & Saitta, 2012; Silverstone & Georgiou, 2005) - a case study was selected: the station awarded with the first bilingual license in Portugal. The station in question caters largely to the British population presenting themselves as “expats” and residing in the Algarve. The ethnographic strategy to research it consisted of “following the radio” (Marcus, 1995) beyond the station and into the events and establishments it announces on air, so as to relate production and consumption realms. The leading research question asks how does locally produced radio play into “expats” processes of management of cultural identity – and what are the specificities of its role? Drawing on conceptualizations of lifestyle migration (Benson & O’Reilly, 2009), production of locality (Appadurai 1996) and the public sphere (Butsch, 2007; Calhoun & et al, 1992; Dahlgren, 2006), this thesis contributes to valuing radio as a productive gateway to research migrants’ construction of belonging, to inscribe a counterpoint in the field of minority media, and to debate conceptualizations of migratory categories and flows. Specifically, this thesis argues that the station fulfills similar roles to other minority radio initiatives but in ways that are specific to the population being catered to. Namely, unlike other minority stations, radio facilitates the process of transitioning between categories along on a continuum linking tourists and migrants. It also reflects and participates in strategies of reterritorialization that rest on functional and partial modes of incorporation. While contributing to sustain a translocality (Appadurai, 1996) it indexes and fosters a stance of connection that is symbolically and materially connected to the UK and other “neighborhoods” but is, simultaneously, oriented to engaging with the Algarve as “home”. Yet, besides reifying a British cultural identity, radio’s oral, repetitive and ephemeral discourse particularly trivializes the reproduction of an ambivalent stance of connection with place that is shared by other “expats”. This dynamic is related to migratory projects driven by social imaginaries fostered by international media that stimulate the search for idealized ways of living, which the radio associates with the Algarve. While recurrently localizing and validating the narrative projecting an idealized “good life”, radio amplifies dynamics among migrants that seem to reaffirm the migratory move as a good choice.

Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals.

Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p<3×10(-4)). We next developed a multi-SNP genotypic risk score to test the association of adiponectin decreasing risk alleles on metabolic traits and diseases using consortia-level meta-analytic data. This risk score was associated with increased risk of T2D (p = 4.3×10(-3), n = 22,044), increased triglycerides (p = 2.6×10(-14), n = 93,440), increased waist-to-hip ratio (p = 1.8×10(-5), n = 77,167), increased glucose two hours post oral glucose tolerance testing (p = 4.4×10(-3), n = 15,234), increased fasting insulin (p = 0.015, n = 48,238), but with lower in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 4.5×10(-13), n = 96,748) and decreased BMI (p = 1.4×10(-4), n = 121,335). These findings identify novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.