CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL NO CONTEXTO DE UMA INCUBADORA: ESTUDO COM TRÊS EMPREENDIMENTOS DO INTERIOR DE SÃO PAULO

A gestão de pessoas é um elemento estratégico nas organizações. Dentre as estratégias que podem ser adotadas pela gestão de pessoas, o monitoramento do clima organizacional vem sendo foco nas organizações. No mundo competitivo, as incubadoras de empresas surgem, com o objetivo de proporcionar aos novos empreendimentos, meios para que tenham condições de expandir, auxiliando no desenvolvimento econômico local e regional. O presente estudo objetivou analisar o clima organizacional de três empresas do projeto incubadora de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo e, verificar os impactos que o clima presente está causando nestes empreendimentos. O critério utilizado para a seleção das empresas foi o de graduação, isto é, foram escolhidas empresas com mais tempo de incubadora e que estarão prontas para deixar o projeto no final do ano de 2014. Este estudo valeu-se de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para poder efetuar o processo metodológico e construir a análise final da pesquisa. Como método quantitativo foi utilizada uma Escala de Clima Organizacional construída e validada por Martins et al. (2004) e como método qualitativo foi realizada uma entrevista com funcionários e gestores das empresas estudadas, com o objetivo de coletar informações para auxiliar no estudo, proporcionar melhor compreensão do ambiente de trabalho e verificar quais os principais impactos causados pelo clima presente. Percebeu-se que, as empresas estudadas, apresentam sérios problemas em seu ambiente de trabalho e, por sua vez, este clima organizacional vem impactando em outras variáveis como, nível de estresse, rotatividade de profissionais, desempenho profissional e na lucratividade destas organizações.

Sampling and measurement methods for a study of childhood refractive error in a UK population

Background There is a paucity of data describing the prevalence of childhood refractive error in the United Kingdom. The Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction study, along with its sister study the Aston Eye Study, are the first population-based surveys of children using both random cluster sampling and cycloplegic autorefraction to quantify levels of refractive error in the United Kingdom. Methods Children aged 6–7 years and 12–13 years were recruited from a stratified random sample of primary and post-primary schools, representative of the population of Northern Ireland as a whole. Measurements included assessment of visual acuity, oculomotor balance, ocular biometry and cycloplegic binocular open-field autorefraction. Questionnaires were used to identify putative risk factors for refractive error. Results 399 (57%) of 6–7 years and 669 (60%) of 12–13 years participated. School participation rates did not vary statistically significantly with the size of the school, whether the school is urban or rural, or whether it is in a deprived/non-deprived area. The gender balance, ethnicity and type of schooling of participants are reflective of the Northern Ireland population. Conclusions The study design, sample size and methodology will ensure accurate measures of the prevalence of refractive errors in the target population and will facilitate comparisons with other population-based refractive data.

Accommodating intraocular lenses:a review of design concepts, usage and assessment methods

The correction of presbyopia and restoration of true accommodative function to the ageing eye is the focus of much ongoing research and clinical work. A range of accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs) implanted during cataract surgery has been developed and they are designed to change either their position or shape in response to ciliary muscle contraction to generate an increase in dioptric power. Two main design concepts exist. First, axial shift concepts rely on anterior axial movement of one or two optics creating accommodative ability. Second, curvature change designs are designed to provide significant amplitudes of accommodation with little physical displacement. Single-optic devices have been used most widely, although the true accommodative ability provided by forward shift of the optic appears limited and recent findings indicate that alternative factors such as flexing of the optic to alter ocular aberrations may be responsible for the enhanced near vision reported in published studies. Techniques for analysing the performance of AIOLs have not been standardised and clinical studies have reported findings using a wide range of both subjective and objective methods, making it difficult to gauge the success of these implants. There is a need for longitudinal studies using objective methods to assess long-term performance of AIOLs and to determine if true accommodation is restored by the designs available. While dual-optic and curvature change IOLs are designed to provide greater amplitudes of accommodation than is possible with single-optic devices, several of these implants are in the early stages of development and require significant further work before human use is possible. A number of challenges remain and must be addressed before the ultimate goal of restoring youthful levels of accommodation to the presbyopic eye can be achieved.

The use of correlation and regression methods in optometry

Correlation and regression are two of the statistical procedures most widely used by optometrists. However, these tests are often misused or interpreted incorrectly, leading to erroneous conclusions from clinical experiments. This review examines the major statistical tests concerned with correlation and regression that are most likely to arise in clinical investigations in optometry. First, the use, interpretation and limitations of Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient are described. Second, the least squares method of fitting a linear regression to data and for testing how well a regression line fits the data are described. Third, the problems of using linear regression methods in observational studies, if there are errors associated in measuring the independent variable and for predicting a new value of Y for a given X, are discussed. Finally, methods for testing whether a non-linear relationship provides a better fit to the data and for comparing two or more regression lines are considered.

Human resource management systems and organizational performance:a test of a mediating model in the Greek manufacturing context

This paper investigates the relationship between systems of HRM policies and organizational performance. The research is based on a sample of 178 organizations operating in the Greek manufacturing sector. A mediation model is tested to examine the link between HRM and organizational performance. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the relationship between the HRM systems of resourcing-development and reward-relations, and organizational performance, is mediated through the HRM outcomes of skills and attitudes. The paper not only supports the theory that HRM systems have a positive impact on organizational performance but also explains the mechanisms through which HRM systems improve organizational performance.