Meeting on Provisions in Licensing Incorporating new developments in daily licensing practice: Setting conditions for open access, patron driven access, and data & text mining

Following the workshop on new developments in daily licensing practice in November 2011, we brought together fourteen representatives from national consortia (from Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and the UK) and publishers (Elsevier, SAGE and Springer) met in Copenhagen on 9 March 2012 to discuss provisions in licences to accommodate new developments. The one day workshop aimed to: present background and ideas regarding the provisions KE Licensing Expert Group developed; introduce and explain the provisions the invited publishers currently use;ascertain agreement on the wording for long term preservation, continuous access and course packs; give insight and more clarity about the use of open access provisions in licences; discuss a roadmap for inclusion of the provisions in the publishers’ licences; result in report to disseminate the outcome of the meeting. Participants of the workshop were: United Kingdom: Lorraine Estelle (Jisc Collections) Denmark: Lotte Eivor Jørgensen (DEFF), Lone Madsen (Southern University of Denmark), Anne Sandfær (DEFF/Knowledge Exchange) Germany: Hildegard Schaeffler (Bavarian State Library), Markus Brammer (TIB) The Netherlands: Wilma Mossink (SURF), Nol Verhagen (University of Amsterdam), Marc Dupuis (SURF/Knowledge Exchange) Publishers: Alicia Wise (Elsevier), Yvonne Campfens (Springer), Bettina Goerner (Springer), Leo Walford (Sage) Knowledge Exchange: Keith Russell The main outcome of the workshop was that it would be valuable to have a standard set of clauses which could used in negotiations, this would make concluding licences a lot easier and more efficient. The comments on the model provisions the Licensing Expert group had drafted will be taken into account and the provisions will be reformulated. Data and text mining is a new development and demand for access to allow for this is growing. It would be easier if there was a simpler way to access materials so they could be more easily mined. However there are still outstanding questions on how authors of articles that have been mined can be properly attributed.

Princesses et duchesses bibliophiles à la cour de René d'Anjou

De nombreuses dames de la cour d'Anjou ont exercé un mécénat littéraire et bibliophilique important à la cour d'Anjou. Parmi elles se trouvent Marie de Blois (v. 1340-1404), Yolande d'Aragon (1381-1442), Isabelle de Lorraine (v. 1400-1453), Jeanne de Laval (1433-1498) et Marie de Clèves (1426-1487). Le mécénat de ces femmes, parentes, épouses ou amies de René d'Anjou, est ici abordé à travers les documents d'archives et les manuscrits conservés qui attestent d'un intérêtréel et constant pour l'art du livre et de l'enluminure et pour la littérature en vogue à la cour. Une attention toute particulière est réservée au Pèlerinage de Vie humaine de Guillaume de Digulleville dont la version rimée, et plus tard la version en prose commandée par Jeanne de Laval, n'a cessé de captiver le lectorat féminin et notamment Marguerite d'Anjou, Blanche d'Anjou et Guyonne de Beauvau

The influence of surface and deep cues on primary and secondary school students’ assessment of relevance in Web menus

International audience

The Descent of Pluto: Interactive dynamics, specialisation and reciprocity of roles in a Wikipedia debate

International audience

Research into crown rot and wilt diseases of strawberries in Queensland

Plant losses due to fungal diseases in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) can potentially cause total loss of production. Three fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Macrophomina phaseolina, cause similar crown rot and wilt symptoms in strawberries in Queensland. Since the withdrawal of methyl bromide in 2005, no effective chemical control of any of the three pathogens has been available. This study aims at identifying sources of plant genetic resistance that can be used in the breeding program to develop resistant cultivars for use as part of an integrated disease management plan in commercial strawberry production. Results from glasshouse pathogenicity and screening trials on the three pathogens showed that when breeding for resistance against a pathogen, resistance to other pathogens also needs to be considered, e.g., cultivar 'Festival' is resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, but is highly susceptible to C. gloeosporioides. The cultivars 'Earlisweet', 'Kabarla' and 'Phenomenal', two seedling clones and four DAFF breeding lines were resistant to C. gloeosporioides. Cultivar 'Suncoast Delight' showed the most promising level of resistance to M. phaseolina. These cultivars, breeding lines and seedling selections have been made available for incorporation into the crossing program to support the Queensland strawberry breeding program.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en los Estudiantes (SLSS) de Huebner en niños y niñas de 10 a 12 años de Chile

Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la escala SLSS de Huebner en una muestra de niños y niñas chilenos. Se aplicó a 1096 estudiantes de 10 a 12 años (M=11; DT= 0.89) que asistían a establecimientos municipales, particulares subvencionados y particulares pagados en las ciudades de Santiago, Valparaíso y Concepción. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFE). Los resultados exhiben una aceptable fiabilidad en tanto consistencia interna de la escala (α=.86), el análisis factorial arroja dos factores en la estructura factorial de la escala que se corresponden con satisfacción con la vida y deseo de cambio. Se discute la solución bifactorial del modelo seleccionado en tanto no se corresponde con lo comunmente reportado en otras investigaciones. El estudio reporta resultados del uso de SLSS en población infantil y aporta al uso y desarrollo de herramientas de medición de autorreporte para el estudio del bienestar subjetivo en niños chilenos.

Les étrangers aux frontières de la France : étude de récits de migration (1870 à nos jours)

In this dissertation, I examine how migration narratives make an ambiguous contribution to the democratization of French national borders. National borders are essentially spaces of crises from which it is possible to study the constant evolution of national identity. Migration narratives, regardless of their ideological dimension, offer representations of the border and of the foreigner that result from a tension between the difficulty to think identity outside of the national frame and the questioning of such a strong tie between identity and the nation. At the border, identities are fundamentally unstable. The first part is focused on the north-eastern and the southern borders of France at the end of the 19th century. The French nationalist literature at the time, advocating for the return of Alsace-Lorraine to the Republic, is characterized by a tension between nationalism and regionalism. The ideology of latinity constitutes a second major feature of the discourse on French identity. Developed by Louis Bertrand, it claims that France can only be regenerated in Algeria. However, a gap between his fictional works and his essays reveals latinity as hybrid and heterogeneous. Borders are also polysemic, namely, they do have the same meaning for everyone. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the southern border of France from the 30s to the 90s. The study of films and novels demonstrate that former borders are still active, especially colonial borders. Finally, the third part of the dissertation addresses the representation of migrants who were trapped in the north of France, at the border of the Schengen area, from the 90s to 2009. Migration narratives bring attention to the totalitarian tendencies of the state, but they also struggle with the contradictions of the humanitarian discourse and the analogies made with previous immigration waves.

Diversity and path coefficient analysis of Southern African maize hybrids

Detailed knowledge on genetic diversity among germplasm is important for hybrid maize ( Zea mays L.) breeding. The objective of the study was to determine genetic diversity in widely grown hybrids in Southern Africa, and compare effectiveness of phenotypic analysis models for determining genetic distances between hybrids. Fifty hybrids were evaluated at one site with two replicates. The experiment was a randomized complete block design. Phenotypic and genotypic data were analyzed using SAS and Power Marker respectively. There was significant (p < 0.01) variation and diversity among hybrid brands but small within brand clusters. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.07 to 0.38 with an average of 0.34 and genetic distance ranged from 0.08 to 0.50 with an average of 0.43. SAH23 and SAH21 (0.48) and SAH33 and SAH3 (0.47) were the most distantly related hybrids. Both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and phenotypic data models were effective for discriminating genotypes according to genetic distance. SNP markers revealed nine clusters of hybrids. The 12-trait phenotypic analysis model, revealed eight clusters at 85%, while the five-trait model revealed six clusters. Path analysis revealed significant direct and indirect effects of secondary traits on yield. Plant height and ear height were negatively correlated with grain yield meaning shorter hybrids gave high yield. Ear weight, days to anthesis, and number of ears had highest positive direct effects on yield. These traits can provide good selection index for high yielding maize hybrids. Results confirmed that diversity of hybrids is small within brands and also confirm that phenotypic trait models are effective for discriminating hybrids.

Retro-wedge foreland basin evolution along the ECORS line, eastern Pyrenees, France

International audience

A self-inducible heterologous protein expression system in Escherichia coli

International audience

The reliability and utility of spirometry performed on people with asthma in community pharmacies

Fruit cell culture as a model system to study cell wall changes during strawberry fruit ripening

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.) fruit is characterized by its fast ripening and soft texture at the ripen stage, resulting in a short postharvest shelf life and high economic losses. It is generally believed that the disassembly of cell walls, the dissolution of the middle lamella and the reduction of cell turgor are the main factors determining the softening of fleshy fruits. In strawberry, several studies indicate that the solubilisation and depolymerisation of pectins, as well as the depolymerisation of xyloglucans, are the main processes occurring during ripening. Functional analyses of genes encoding pectinases such as polygalacturonase and pectate lyase also point out to the pectin fraction as a key factor involved in textural changes. All these studies have been performed with whole fruits, a complex organ containing different tissues that differ in their cell wall composition and undergo ripening at different rates. Cell cultures derived from fruits have been proposed as model systems for the study of several processes occurring during fruit ripening, such as the production of anthocyanin and its regulation by plant hormones. The main objective of this research was to obtain and characterize strawberry cell cultures to evaluate their potential use as a model for the study of the cell wall disassembly process associate with fruit ripening. Cell cultures were obtained from cortical tissue of strawberry fruits, cv. Chandler, at the stages of unripe-green, white and mature-red. Additionally, a cell culture line derived from strawberry leaves was obtained. All cultures were maintained in solid medium supplemented with 2.5 mg.l-1 2,4-D and incubated in the dark. Cell walls from the different callus lines were extracted and fractionated to obtain CDTA and sodium carbonate soluble pectin fractions, which represent polyuronides located in the middle lamella or the primary cell wall, respectively. The amounts of homogalacturonan in both fractions were estimated by ELISA using LM19 and LM20 antibodies, specific against demethylated and methyl-esterified homogalacturonan, respectively. In the CDTA fraction, the cell line from ripe fruit showed a significant lower amount of demethylated pectins than the rest of lines. By contrast, the content of methylated pectins was similar in green- and red-fruit lines, and lower than in white-fruit and leaf lines. In the sodium carbonate pectin fraction, the line from red fruit also showed the lowest amount of pectins. These preliminary results indicate that cell cultures obtained from fruits at different developmental stages differ in their cell wall composition and these differences resemble to some extent the changes that occur during strawberry softening. Experiments are in progress to further characterize cell wall extracts with monoclonal antibodies against other cell wall epitopes.

Unravelling the nanostructure of strawberry fruit pectins by atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows the analysis of individual polymers at nanostructural level with a minimal sample preparation. This technique has been used to analyse the pectin disassembly process during the ripening and postharvest storage of several fleshy fruits. In general, pectins analysed by AFM are usually visualized as isolated chains, unbranched or with a low number of branchs and, occasionally, as large aggregates. However, the exact nature of these structures is unknown. It has been suggested that pectin aggregates represent a mixture of rhamnonogalacturonan I and homogalacturonan, while isolated chains and their branches are mainly composed by polygalacturonic acid. In order to gain insight into the nature of these structures, sodium carbonate soluble pectins from ripe strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.) fruits were subjected to enzymatic digestion with endo-Polygalacturonase M2 from Aspergillus aculeatus, and the samples visualized by AFM at different time intervals. Pectins isolated from control, non-transformed plants, and two transgenic genotypes with low level of expression of ripening-induced pectinase genes encoding a polygalacturonase (APG) or a pectate lyase (APEL) were also included in this study. Before digestion, isolated pectin chains from control were shorter than those from transgenic fruits, showing number-average (LN) contour length values of 73.2 nm vs. 95.9 nm and 91.4 nm in APG and APEL, respectively. The percentage of branched polymers was significantly higher in APG polyuronides than in the remaining genotypes, 33% in APG vs. 6% in control and APEL. As a result of the endo-PG treatment, a gradual decrease in the main backbone length of isolated chains was observed in the three samples. The minimum LN value was reached after 8 h of digestion, being similar in the three genotypes, 22 nm. By contrast, the branches were not visible after 1.5-2 h of digestion. LN values were plotted against digestion time and the data fitted to a first-order exponential decay curve, obtaining R2 values higher than 0.9. The half digestion time calculated with these equations were similar for control and APG pectins, 1.7 h, but significantly higher in APEL, 2.5 h, indicating that these polymer chains were more resistant to endo-PG digestion. Regarding the pectin aggregates, their volumes were estimated and used to calculate LN molecular weights. Before digestion, control and APEL samples showed complexes of similar molecular weights, 1722 kDa, and slightly higher than those observed in APG samples. After endo-PG digestion, size of complexes diminished significantly, reaching similar values in the three pectin samples, around 650 kDa. These results suggest that isolated polymer chains visualized by AFM are formed by a HG domain linked to a shorter polymer resistant to endo-PG digestion, maybe xylogalacturonan or RG-I. The silencing of the pectate lyase gene slightly modified the structure and/or chemical composition of polymer chains making these polyuronides more resistant to enzymatic degradation. Similarly, polygalacturonic acid is one of the main component of the aggregates.

Escritura visigótica en códices e inscripciones.

En este trabajo se muestra la similitud entre la escritura publicitaria en inscripciones y la escritura distintiva en códices, estableciendo, así, una analogía desde una perspectiva formal para intentar demostrar que las mismas manos estuvieron de alguna forma implicadas en los procesos de elaboración de la escritura en ambos soportes.

Reproducibility of the online food4me food-frequency questionnaire for estimating dietary intakes across Europe

BACKGROUND: Accurate dietary assessment is key to understanding nutrition-related outcomes and is essential for estimating dietary change in nutrition-based interventions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the pan-European reproducibility of the Food4Me food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in assessing the habitual diet of adults. METHODS: Participants from the Food4Me study, a 6-mo, Internet-based, randomized controlled trial of personalized nutrition conducted in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, and Poland, were included. Screening and baseline data (both collected before commencement of the intervention) were used in the present analyses, and participants were included only if they completed FFQs at screening and at baseline within a 1-mo timeframe before the commencement of the intervention. Sociodemographic (e.g., sex and country) and lifestyle [e.g., body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)) and physical activity] characteristics were collected. Linear regression, correlation coefficients, concordance (percentage) in quartile classification, and Bland-Altman plots for daily intakes were used to assess reproducibility. RESULTS: In total, 567 participants (59% female), with a mean ± SD age of 38.7 ± 13.4 y and BMI of 25.4 ± 4.8, completed both FFQs within 1 mo (mean ± SD: 19.2 ± 6.2 d). Exact plus adjacent classification of total energy intake in participants was highest in Ireland (94%) and lowest in Poland (81%). Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) in total energy intake between FFQs ranged from 0.50 for obese participants to 0.68 and 0.60 in normal-weight and overweight participants, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed a mean difference between FFQs of 210 kcal/d, with the agreement deteriorating as energy intakes increased. There was little variation in reproducibility of total energy intakes between sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The online Food4Me FFQ was shown to be reproducible across 7 European countries when administered within a 1-mo period to a large number of participants. The results support the utility of the online Food4Me FFQ as a reproducible tool across multiple European populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.