Efeitos do Emprego público na produção privada

Recentemente tem existido a preocupação em diminuir o emprego público e aumentar a eficiência das administrações públicas, como forma de promover o crescimento económico. No presente artigo analisa-se a relação entre o emprego público e produção do sector privado, para um conjunto de 191 países da OCDE no período de 1960-2008. Seguindo a especificação de Koskela e Virén (2000) os resultados sugerem que aquela relação não é linear, mas depende da dimensão do sector público. Da mesma forma, nas economias onde o sector público apresenta uma dimensão inferior à crítica (maximizadora da produção privada) o aumento do emprego público estimula o crescimento da produção privada. Pelo contrário, quando a dimensão do sector público é excessiva, o aumento do emprego neste sector tem um impacto negativo no output privado.

Os efeitos não-keynesianos da política fiscal: consolidações fiscais expansionistas ou contraccionistas? - Estudo de Caso: Portugal

No presente artigo faz-se uma revisão da literatura teórica e empírica dos efeitos não-keynesianos da política orçamental e o estudo do caso português no período1980- 2005. Discutem-se as perspectivas keynesiana, ricardiana e neoclássica dos efeitos dos défices na actividade económica, descrevem-se os efeitos não-keynesianos da política orçamental numa perspectiva teórica e empírica; igualmente identificam-se os episódios de consolidação orçamental na economia portuguesa e avalia-se o sucesso destas consolidações; e, por último, apresentam-se as conclusões.

Reforma do emprego público: breves considerações às grandes reformas em curso em Portugal

O presente artigo analisa temas sobre a reforma da Administração Pública e os modelos que lhe têm servido, em formato sintetizado. Aprecia, também, a causalidade da reforma com o estado particular do emprego público. Com argumentos supranacionais e considerações mais concretas sobre Portugal, expõe-se a reforma impulsionada pelo XVII Governo Constitucional, desde 2005. Julgamos ser a maior reforma alguma vez praticada na Administração Pública portuguesa. No artigo fazem-se apreciações aos aspectos do emprego público, ao seu regime de carreiras, vínculos e remunerações, recrutamento e selecção, ainda que por breves considerações.

Participação das mulheres na política autárquica em Portugal nos últimos 25 anos (1982 a 2005): especial relevo para as mulheres eleitas apuradas para a presidência dos órgãos

The debate around the women`s participation in politics continues to be a very present subject. This article has the intention to select, in quantitative terms, that kind of participation, particularly in the case of the autarchic local administration in Portugal, through the last 25 years. It does not intend, thus, to study the best or worse feminine performance in the respective elections and/or the exercise of the mandate. The analysis involves the 308 local governments and the 4.261 parish’s existing in Portugal. It covers almost the totality of the elected officers in the period analysed which covers the elections of 1982, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001 and 2005,with a total of 276.068 elected men and women, where a total of 24.905 were women.

O senior executive service (SES): especial referência ao perfil do top public service (TPS) em Portugal

Alguns dos países da OCDE (2002) enfrentam, hoje, problemas relacionados ao emprego público e à sua competitividade (recrutamento, retenção de pessoal, falta crítica de habilidades e competências, etc.). Em nível de recrutamento (OCDE, 2002), os países que já identificaram o problema são o Canadá, a Dinamarca e a Finlândia; a falta crítica de habilidades e de competências foi já identificada por: Itália, Coreia, Noruega, Polónia, Portugal1 , Espanha, Áustria e Alemanha. O desenho e a implementação de estratégias de recursos humanos nas organizações públicas desenrolam-se em ambiente altamente politizado (LACOVIELLO, 1996) e o processo de decisão está sujeito a influências que tomam proporções maiores pelas características particulares que apresentam e pelo conflito essencial que decorre das relações entre políticos e burocratas.

Fatores determinantes da política de distribuição de dividendos: Evidência empírica para as empresas não financeiras da Euronext Lisbon

Dividends and their distribution decisions, being a component of the compensation of investors are a constant financial worry within companies, thus revealing one of the themes highlighted in the context of the financial literature. Study will address the factors determining the dividend policy practiced by companies listed in the Portuguese stock market. The latter will be 47 non-financial companies listed on the Euronext Lisbon during 2009 until 2011. The two samples that have been investigated include the representative of the majority of non-financial companies listed on Euronext Lisbon and the other financial companies members of the PSI 20. The methodology adopted is one of the ordinary least squares regression and the amount of dividends per share distributed was used in determining the dependent variable. In relation to the independent variables, six explanatory factors were chosen. These include profitability, stability of dividend policy, size, growth, risk and investment opportunities. The conclusion suggests that the most important factors to explain the amount of dividends distributed are profitability and stability of dividend policy. There after, growth and risk factors, as well as factors that explain the amount of dividends distributed are also relevant. The remaining variables obtained were insufficient evidence pointing to a significant effect in explaining the dividend policy of Portuguese companies in the sample. The conclusion also states that differences exist in the importance of the explanatory factors to the amount of dividends distributed between the study samples, given the differentiation of dividend policies, followed by companies from each group analyzed.

Contradiction between the average age of retirement at the time of death and the average pension time for men and women in public employment in Portugal

The short article attempts to make some very brief reflections on the effects a lack of public policies positively discriminatory in terms of public employment retirement. In particular, the observation of the absurd contradiction between the average age of retirement at the time of death (for men and women) and the average pension time for men and women in public employment in Portugal.

O Fenómeno da Desorçamentação: breves considerações à nomenclatura

O presente artigo analisa o sentido e alcance da nomenclatura desorçamentação. Trata-se de um neologismo recentemente usado na literatura das ciências económicas, e em especial nas finanças públicas, que tem gerado alguma controvérsia, resultando dali interpretações e visões muitas vezes dissemelhantes para o mesmo fenómeno. Embora o conceito não tenha tradução para outras línguas procurou-se fazer uma aproximação à sua semelhança terminológica em termos do seu significado. O contexto é, em especial, o Orçamento de Estado.

A Nova Gestão Pública e a Reforma Administrativa

O presente artigo analisa os efeitos do custo, da grandeza e da complexidade que o sector público alcançou com o desenvolvimento do Estado de bem-estar Social.

Tourist motivation of the residents of the Urban Quadrilátero of Minho: a gender analysis

Women are increasingly active in the participation and consumption of tourism, representing a strong and unique market segment. Knowledge of the needs and preferences of female tourists represents a key success factor in the tourism industry. This preliminary study seeks to capture the underlying reasons for the travel decisions of the residents of the Urban Quadrilátero of Minho, investigating their tourist motivations from a gendered perspective. Insight on tourism motivation may be an important policy tool for tourism planners and managers in the development of products and marketing strategies. The empirical analysis is undertaken based on questionnaires administered in 2012 to residents of the Urban Quadrilátero of Minho. Preliminary results do not reveal significant gender differences in the importance that the local residents place on various tourism motivation factors.

Radial Distortion Self-Calibration

In cameras with radial distortion, straight lines in space are in general mapped to curves in the image. Although epipolar geometry also gets distorted, there is a set of special epipolar lines that remain straight, namely those that go through the distortion center. By finding these straight epipolar lines in camera pairs we can obtain constraints on the distortion center(s) without any calibration object or plumbline assumptions in the scene. Although this holds for all radial distortion models we conceptually prove this idea using the division distortion model and the radial fundamental matrix which allow for a very simple closed form solution of the distortion center from two views (same distortion) or three views (different distortions). The non-iterative nature of our approach makes it immune to local minima and allows finding the distortion center also for cropped images or those where no good prior exists. Besides this, we give comprehensive relations between different undistortion models and discuss advantages and drawbacks.

Unknown Radial Distortion Centers in Multiple View Geometry Problems

The radial undistortion model proposed by Fitzgibbon and the radial fundamental matrix were early steps to extend classical epipolar geometry to distorted cameras. Later minimal solvers have been proposed to find relative pose and radial distortion, given point correspondences between images. However, a big drawback of all these approaches is that they require the distortion center to be exactly known. In this paper we show how the distortion center can be absorbed into a new radial fundamental matrix. This new formulation is much more practical in reality as it allows also digital zoom, cropped images and camera-lens systems where the distortion center does not exactly coincide with the image center. In particular we start from the setting where only one of the two images contains radial distortion, analyze the structure of the particular radial fundamental matrix and show that the technique also generalizes to other linear multi-view relationships like trifocal tensor and homography. For the new radial fundamental matrix we propose different estimation algorithms from 9,10 and 11 points. We show how to extract the epipoles and prove the practical applicability on several epipolar geometry image pairs with strong distortion that - to the best of our knowledge - no other existing algorithm can handle properly.

Gender, wages, and productivity: an analysis of the tourism industry in northern Portugal

Tourism represents a major economic activity in Portugal, with an enormous wealth and employment growth potential. A significant proportion of jobs in the industry tourism are occupied by women, given that this industry is characterized by a relatively higher percentage of female employees. Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to their role in the Portuguese labor market, women continue to earn less than their male counterparts. This is clearly the case of the tourism industry, where statistics reveal a persistent gender wage gap. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the determinants of gender wage inequality in the tourism industry in northern Portugal. Relying on firm-level wage equations and production functions, gender wage and productivity differentials are estimated and then compared. The comparison of these differentials allows inferring whether observed wage disparities are attributable to relatively lower female productivity, or instead disparities are due to gender wage discrimination. This approach is applied to tourism industry data gathered in the matched employer-employee data set Quadros de Pessoal (Employee Records). The main findings indicate that female employees in the tourism industry in northern Portugal are less productive than their male colleagues and that gender differences in wages are fully explained by gender differences in productivity.

One-sided Radial-Fundamental Matrix Estimation

For modern consumer cameras often approximate calibration data is available, making applications such as 3D reconstruction or photo registration easier as compared to the pure uncalibrated setting. In this paper we address the setting with calibrateduncalibrated image pairs: for one image intrinsic parameters are assumed to be known, whereas the second view has unknown distortion and calibration parameters. This situation arises e.g. when one would like to register archive imagery to recently taken photos. A commonly adopted strategy for determining epipolar geometry is based on feature matching and minimal solvers inside a RANSAC framework. However, only very few existing solutions apply to the calibrated-uncalibrated setting. We propose a simple and numerically stable two-step scheme to first estimate radial distortion parameters and subsequently the focal length using novel solvers. We demonstrate the performance on synthetic and real datasets.

Los modelos CAMEL y Promethee como instrumentos de análisis de la banca virtual en España

Consideramos de interés realizar un análisis financiero de la banca virtual en España para ser capaces de posicionar aquellas entidades bancarias que vieron en el canal de Internet una vía de expansión hacia nuevos clientes o como consolidación de los existentes, ya que todos los bancos creados en España de carácter virtual son filiales de grandes grupos bancarios. Utilizamos como modelos de análisis la aplicación de los métodos multicriterio CAMEL y Promethee. Como conclusiones del trabajo se observa que, independientemente del método utilizado, la entidad que mejor se posiciona para el periodo de análisis estudiado (2004-2010) es Bancopopular-e. No obstante, son entidades que todavía alcanzan valores muy bajas de rentabilidad y liquidez y donde datos como la eficiencia o la calidad de activos son muy mejorables.