Capital social y gestión participativa en la cuenca de Pátzcuaro

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Seguridad social y desarrollo en América Latina

Examina la evolucion historica de la seguridad social en America Latina, los problemas de cobertura, prestaciones, financiamiento y costos, y el impacto de la seguridad social en el desarrollo.

Las reformas de las pensiones en América Latina y la posición de los organismos internacionales

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Edible coatings from native and modified starches retain carotenoids in pumpkin during drying

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible coating pre-treatments on the retention of provitamin A during pumpkin drying. The coatings used were based on native and modified maize and cassava starch. To evaluate the effects of these coatings, slices of 'Dry Rajada' pumpkin were dried at 70 °C both with and without starch coatings applied at 30 and 80-90 °C. Carotenoid content was determined through HPLC using a C 30 column. Significant losses (12-15%) of trans-α-carotene and trans-β-carotene were observed when slices were dried without the coating. Significant improvement of carotenoid content was observed for dehydrated slices that were previously coated with a native maize starch solution at 90 °C, as well as with a modified maize starch solution at 30 °C and also with a modified cassava starch solution at 90 °C. The application of these starch solutions probably produced a more uniform film that adhered to the slices, minimizing carotenoid degradation during pumpkin drying and, as a consequence, resulting in a product that can be considered a good source of provitamin A. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Tumor-associated macrophages and the profile of inflammatory cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate and characterize macrophage populations (M1/M2) in the tumor microenvironment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). The relationship between macrophages and clinicopathological factors, such as survival data, lymph node metastasis, tumoral proliferation, and WHO histological grading are also analyzed. Materials and methods: The samples consisted of surgically excised specimens from patients with non-metastatic and metastatic OCSCC and normal oral mucosa (control). Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate macrophage populations and the expression of pro- (IL-12, IL-23, and INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. The level required for statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The data showed a predominance of M2 phenotype (high percentage of IL-10+TGF-β+) macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of OCSCC. A higher percentage of macrophages expressing TGF-β was seen in the OCSCC group when compared with healthy individuals. The assessment of mRNA expression also presented a greater expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGFβ and IL10 in OCSCC when compared with the control group. The percentage of macrophages, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, was significantly higher in the metastatic OCSCC group than in the non-metastatic and control groups. The log-rank test also showed that the mean survival time for patients with high levels of macrophages was less (44 months) when compared with patients with a low percentage of such cells (93 months). Conclusion: A predominance of the M2 phenotype in the tumor microenvironment of OCSCC could contribute to local immunosuppression, via TGF-β production, and consequently greater lymph node involvement and reduced patient survival time. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Social security and development in Latin America

Examina la evolucion historica de la seguridad social en America Latina, los problemas de cobertura, prestaciones, financiamiento y costos, y el impacto de la seguridad social en el desarrollo.

Determination of sildenafil and vardenafil by capillary zone electrophoresis using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) for determination of two important phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (sildenafil and vardenafil) is introduced. The background electrolyte (BGE) consisted of an aqueous solution of 500 mmol L-1 acetic acid, and the capillary was previously treated with polybrene solution to prevent cationic analytes from adsorbing onto the inner surface. Although the analytes migrate in the counter flow, the total time is short. An instrument with two C4D detectors allowed a seamless transition from a fast method (less than one minute) but of low-efficiency using the first detector to a more efficient method using the second detector. The analysis of commercial tablets showed no significant difference between CE-C4D and HPLC methods. Conductivity detection is a well-known low selectivity detection scheme, which in conjunction with the high mobility of the co-ion in the BGE (hydroxonium) allows one to predict that other cationic analogues of sildenafil can also be detected. This is an interesting feature given the increasing number of compounds in this class. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Purification and Characterization of an Ethanol-Tolerant β-Glucosidase from Sporidiobolus pararoseus and Its Potential for Hydrolysis of Wine Aroma Precursors

An extracellular ethanol-tolerant β-glucosidase from Sporidiobolus pararoseus was purified to homogeneity and characterized, and its potential use for the enhancement of wine aroma was investigated. The crude enzymatic extract was purified in four steps (concentration, dialysis, ultrafiltration, and chromatography) with a yield of around 40 % for total activity. The purified enzyme (designated Sp-βgl-P) showed a specific activity of approximately 20.0 U/mg, an estimated molecular mass of 63 kDa after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric point of 5.0 by isoelectric focusing. Sp-βgl-P has optimal activity at pH 4.0 and at 55 °C. It was stable in a broad pH range at low temperatures and it was tolerant to ethanol and glucose, indicating suitable properties for winemaking. The hydrolysis of glycosidic terpenes was analyzed by adding Sp-βgl-P directly to the wines. The released terpene compounds were evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The enzymatic treatment significantly increased the amount of free terpenes, suggesting that this enzyme could potentially be applicable in wine aroma improvement. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Chromatic characteristics and color-related phenolic composition of Brazilian young red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta (BRS Rúbea×IAC 1398-21)

The color characteristics and the phenolic composition related to color of young red wines elaborated with the hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta, developed for its adaptation to sub-tropical climates in Brazil, have been studied. These wines are characterized with a deep red-purplish color, reaching color intensity averaging 24 units. In spite of being young red wines elaborated with short maceration time, their content in total polyphenols was very high (around 3692. mg/L, as gallic acid equivalents), especially when compared to similar Vitis vinifera young red wines. Within polyphenols, anthocyanins predominated (around 2037. mg/L, as malvidin 3,5-diglucoside equivalents) and they were almost exclusively anthocyanidin 3,5-glucosides (ca. 97%), mainly built from B-ring tri-substituted anthocyanidins (delphinidin. >. petunidin. ≈. malvidin) and having high proportion of p-coumaroylated derivatives (ca. 28%) that confer higher stability. The content of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives was also remarkable (ca. 95. mg/L, as caffeic acid equivalents) and unknown glucose derivatives of p-coumaric acid accounted for ca. 42% of total HCAD. Finally, these found flavonols were mainly based on myricetin whereas kaempferol derivatives were missing, their total content being within the ranges usually found for V. vinifera wines, but reaching their top values (ca. 91. mg/L, as quercetin 3-glucoside equivalents). All the aforementioned data suggest that Violeta wine could be considered an important dietary source of healthy polyphenols with a moderate alcoholic content (ca. 11.6%). © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Phenolic composition of the berry parts of hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta (BRS Rubea×IAC 1398-21) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS

The grape is considered a major source of phenolic compounds when compared to other fruits and vegetables, however, there are many cultivars with distinct characteristics directly linked to phenolic profile. Thus, the present study aimed to identify and quantify, for the first time and in detail, the phenolic compounds present in the skin, flesh and seeds of BRS Violeta grape berry using combination of SPE methodologies and analytical HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The study was extended to the different berry parts and the most important grape and wine phenolic families, and has revealed interesting features. Violeta grape has a very thick skin (46% of grape weight) that accumulated the most of grape phenolic compounds: great amount of anthocyanins (3930. mg/kg, as malvidin 3,5-diglucoside), together with also important amounts of flavonols (150. mg/kg, as quercetin 3-glucoside), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAD; 120. mg/kg, as caftaric acid), and proanthocyanidins (670. mg/kg, as (+)-catechin); in contrast, it seems to be a low resveratrol producer. Violeta grape seeds accounted for similar proportions of low molecular weight flavan-3-ols (mainly monomers; 345. mg/kg, as (+)-catechin) and proanthocyanidins (480. mg/kg, as (+)-catechin). Violeta grape is a teinturier cultivar, but it only contained traces of anthocyanins and low amounts of all the other phenolic types in its red-colored flesh. The anthocyanin composition of Violeta grape was dominated by anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucosides (90%). Within flavonols, myricetin-type predominated and kaempferol-type was missing. In addition to expected hydroxycinnamoyl-tartaric acids, several isomeric esters of caffeic and p-coumaric acids with hexoses were tentatively identified, accounting for relevant proportions within the pool of HCAD. Although pending of further confirmation over successive vintages, the aforementioned results suggest that BRS Violeta grape cultivar could be considered an interesting candidate for the elaboration of highly colored and antioxidant-rich grape juices and wines. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Rastreabilidade de camarão amazônico proveniente de cultivo e ambiente natural utilizando a técnica de isótopos estáveis

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Avaliação dos potenciais citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico das águas de um ambiente lêntico, por meio dos sistemas-teste de Allium cepa e Oreochromis niloticus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prevalência de hemogregarina em arraias de água doce (Potamotrygonidae) da região norte, com descrição de uma nova espécie de gênero

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Análise, desenvolvimento e implantação de software para monitorização, controle e gerenciamento dos processos na condução de estudos clínicos em cancerologia

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação das condições cromatográficas de análise e efeito da aplicação de coberturas comestíveis nos caratenóides de abóboras desidratadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)