991 resultados para K CHANNELS


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UBVRI data are presented for a set of 229 late-type stars, most of them being high proper motion stars. All these data are part of the Input Catalog planned observations for the Hipparcos mission.

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As indicated by Grenon (1989), the data of the present series of reports on the UBVRI photometry of late-type stars in the Hipparcos Input Catalog are to be employed in computations of Hipparcos observing time, as well as in evaluating the observability of faint stars by the satellite. Attention is here given to late type stars in the V = 8-12 range, including distant red giants in the Galactic plane (Hipparcos proposal 189), as well as high proper motion stars included in the G, LTT, LP, and MCC catalogs.

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Hyperinsulinemia increases lactate release by various organs and tissues. Whereas it has been shown that aerobic glycolysis is linked to Na+-K+-ATPase activity, we hypothesized that stimulation by insulin of skeletal muscle Na+-K+-ATPase is responsible for increased muscle lactate production. To test this hypothesis, we assessed muscle lactate release in healthy volunteers from the [13C]lactate concentration in the effluent dialysates of microdialysis probes inserted into the tibialis anterior muscles on both sides and infused with solutions containing 5 mmol/l [U-13C]glucose. On one side, the microdialysis probe was intermittently infused with the same solution additioned with 2.10(-5) M ouabain. In the basal state, [13C]lactate concentration in the dialysate was not affected by ouabain. During a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, [13C]lactate concentration increased by 135% in the dialysate without ouabain, and this stimulation was nearly entirely reversed by ouabain (56% inhibition compared with values in the dialysate collected from the contralateral probe). These data indicate that insulin stimulates muscle lactate release by activating Na+-K+-ATPase in healthy humans.

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Deccan intertrappean sediments in central India are generally considered as terrestrial deposits of Maastrichtian age, but the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) position is still unknown. Here we report the discovery of the K-T transition, a marine incursion and environmental changes preserved within the intertrappean sediments at Jhilmili, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh. Integrative biostratigraphic, sedimentologic, mineralogic and chemostratigraphic analyses reveal the basal Danian in the intertrappean sediments between lower and upper trap basalts that regionally correspond to C29r and the C29R/C29N transition, respectively. Intertrappean deposition occurred in predominantly terrestrial semi-humid to and environments. But a short aquatic interval of fresh water ponds and lakes followed by shallow coastal marine conditions with brackish marine ostracods and early Danian zone P1a planktic foraminifera mark this interval very close to the K-T boundary. This marine incursion marks the existence of a nearby seaway, probably extending inland from the west through the Narmada and Tapti rift valleys. The Jhilmili results thus identify the K-T boundary near the end of the main phase of Deccan eruptions and indicate that a major seaway extended at least 800 km across India. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Modelos mecanísticos baseados em princípios de transporte de solutos pode ser de grande utilidade para prever os impactos do cultivo de florestas plantadas, por exemplo, com eucalipto sobre o capital e fluxo de nutrientes no solo. Dentre as variáveis de entrada demandadas por tais modelos, tem-se os valores das constantes Vmax, Km e Cmin da cinética de absorção iônica. Assim, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram determinar os valores de Vmax, Km e Cmin para K, Ca e Mg, bem como avaliar as respectivas eficiências nutricionais de clones de eucalipto. O estudo consistiu de três ensaios em solução nutritiva (um para cada cátion), sendo utilizadas mudas propagadas vegetativamente de um híbrido de E. grandis x E. urophylla (clone 1213) e de três híbridos de E. grandis (clones 7074, 57 e 129). Com base nos teores de cada um desses nutrientes nas soluções de depleção, em cada tempo de amostragem, no volume inicial e final de solução nos vasos e no peso de matéria fresca de raízes, foram obtidos os valores das constantes cinéticas. Para K, o clone 7074 apresentou o menor valor de Vmax em relação aos demais clones, os quais não diferiram entre si, e em relação ao Km e Cmin, os clones não diferiram estatisticamente. Para Ca, os clones estudados diferiram quanto ao valor de Vmax e Km, não diferindo, entretanto, para o Cmin. Os menores valores de Km para Mg foram verificados para os clones 57 e 7074, ou seja, as proteínas transportadoras de Mg na membrana plasmática das células radiculares apresentaram maior afinidade para esse nutriente. Contudo, os valores de Vmax e Cmin não diferiram entre os clones estudados. Diferenças na eficiência nutricional dos clones estudados quanto a K e a Ca foram devidas às diferenças na eficiência de absorção, e para Mg às diferenças na eficiência de absorção e de utilização.

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The concentration of orthophosphate ions released from Fe-K-P compounds (Fe3KH8(PO4)6 .6H2O and Fe3KH14(PO4)8 .4H2O) present in superphosphates increases with pH, which initially suggests that the agronomic effectiveness of P fertilizers containing high amounts of these compounds would also increase with soil pH but studies considering activity, instead of concentration, are necessary. With this purpose, both compounds were synthesized under laboratory conditions, characterized by elemental chemical analysis, optical microscopy, X ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and used in a solubility study. Solutions of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mol L-1 NaCl with pH adjusted to 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5 were prepared for the solubility study of H8-syn, H14-syn and a phosphate rock (PR) from Brazil. The orthophosphate activity as H2PO4- and HPO4(2-) was calculated in each situation as related to pH and ionic strength using software MINTEQ. The remaining precipitates after equilibrium were chemically analyzed and subjected to X ray, SEM and EDS. Results of chemical analysis and instrumental techniques confirmed the preparation method. The activity of orthophosphate ions of both compounds tended to decrease under increasing pH and/or ionic strength of the solution, which in turn suggests that an increase in the solution pH does not necessarily promote an increase in the P bioavailability for plant uptake. This can be important when evaluating agronomic data of P fertilizers with high contents of these two Fe-K-P compounds.

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Os solos do Agreste paraibano têm baixa fertilidade e a prática usual de adubação é a incorporação de esterco na época do plantio. Entretanto, dependendo da qualidade do esterco, essa prática pode causar a imobilização de nutrientes do solo durante os primeiros meses de cultivo. à possível que o cultivo e incorporação de Crotalaria juncea, combinado com o esterco, possa promover mineralização mais sincronizada com a demanda de nutrientes pelas plantas. No presente estudo, realizado em 2003, foram conduzidos experimentos de campo e em casa de vegetação para testar essa hipótese. As parcelas de campo foram previamente cultivadas com batata no período de 1996 a 2002 e submetidas anualmente aos seguintes tratamentos: plantio e incorporação da crotalária na época da floração (C); adição de 15 t ha-1 de esterco (E); plantio e incorporação de crotalária + 7,5 t ha-1 de esterco (CE); e testemunha, sem esterco ou crotalária (T). Em 2003, foram aplicados os mesmos tratamentos de adubação orgânica e foi avaliada a dinâmica da decomposição e liberação de nutrientes pelo material vegetal e esterco contidos em sacolas de náilon incorporadas ao solo das parcelas de campo. Também se avaliou a dinâmica da disponibilidade de N, P e K no solo das parcelas de campo, por meio de coletas periódicas de solo. No ensaio em casa de vegetação, foram realizados cultivos sucessivos de capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) por um período de 300 dias, utilizando-se amostras do solo das parcelas de campo. As perdas de massa e nutrientes do material incorporado ao solo foram maiores nos primeiros 30 dias da incubação, em todos os tratamentos. No final do ensaio, as proporções de matéria seca e nutrientes remanescentes foram maiores nos tratamentos E e CE que nos tratamentos C e T. No solo das parcelas de campo, o tratamento E aumentou os teores de P e K extraíveis (Mehlich-1) do solo ao longo do período do estudo, porém provocou a imobilização de N do solo nas primeiras semanas. O tratamento C aumentou o teor de N mineral do solo no período imediatamente após a incorporação, mas não aumentou o teor de P e K extraíveis. No ensaio em casa de vegetação, o capim-buffel acumulou mais biomassa aérea e nutrientes no primeiro corte, 35 dias após o transplantio do capim, no solo do tratamento CE. Nos cortes subseqüentes, o tratamento E levou à maior produção de biomassa e acumulação de nutrientes, indicando que a limitação de N no período inicial após a incorporação de esterco ao solo prejudicou o crescimento do buffel. Os resultados corroboram a hipótese de que o plantio e incorporação da crotalária, combinado com a aplicação de apenas a metade da dose usual de esterco caprino, promoveu mineralização de nutrientes mais sincronizada com as necessidades das culturas agrícolas, pois foi capaz de evitar a imobilização de N do solo no período inicial de cultivo e elevou os teores de P e K disponíveis ao longo de todo o período.

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Os mecanismos de tolerância à salinidade são complexos e dependem de mudanças fisiológicas e anatômicas que ocorrem na planta inteira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a retenção de íons, o crescimento e a partição de matéria seca em dois genótipos de sorgo forrageiro [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] irrigados com água com crescentes níveis de salinidade. Sementes selecionadas foram germinadas em vasos com 12 kg de Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo textura arenosa em condições de casa de vegetação. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, composto por dois genótipos (CSF 18, sensível, e CSF 20, tolerante) e cinco concentrações de sais na água de irrigação, correspondentes às condutividades elétricas (CEa) de 0,5 (controle), 2,0, 4,0, 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1, com quatro repetições. A aplicação dos tratamentos (concentrações de sais) teve início aos cinco dias após a emergência, e a coleta das plantas foi realizada aos 44 dias depois do início dos tratamentos. Foram determinadas a produção e a partição de matéria seca, bem como a distribuição das raízes nos vasos e os teores de íons (Na+, K+ e Cl-) nas diversas partes da planta. A salinidade reduziu a área foliar e a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes; a redução no crescimento da parte aérea foi maior no genótipo CSF 18. A salinidade alterou a partição de fotoassimilados de forma similar nos dois genótipos, resultando em aumento na proporção entre fontes e drenos, o que pode contribuir para a aclimatação das plantas ao estresse salino. As plantas de sorgo mostraram eficiente mecanismo de retenção de Na+, prevenindo seu acúmulo nos tecidos foliares. Esse mecanismo, no entanto, provocou diminuição na suculência foliar. Os teores foliares de K+ e a retenção de Na+ nos colmos foram maiores no genótipo CSF 20 (tolerante).

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Kinetic studies on soil potassium release can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This study was conducted to evaluate K release rates from the whole soil, clay, silt, and sand fractions of B-horizon samples of a basalt-derived Oxisol and a sienite-derived Ultisol, both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Potassium was extracted from each fraction after eight different shaking time periods (0-665 h) with either 0.001 mol L-1 citrate or oxalate at a 1:10 solid:solution ratio. First-order, Elovich, zero-order, and parabolic diffusion equations were used to parameterize the time dependence of K release. For the Oxisol, the first-order equation fitted best to the experimental data of K release, with similar rates for all fractions and independent of the presence of citrate or oxalate in the extractant solution. For all studied Ultisol fractions, in which K release rates increased when extractions were performed with citrate solution, the Elovich model described K release kinetics most adequately. The highest potassium release rate of the Ultisol silt fraction was probably due to the transference of "non-exchangeable" K to the extractant solution, whereas in the Oxisol exchangeable potassium represented the main K source in all studied fractions.

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Se ha centrado el problema en las mediciones en aceite en el directo para calcular n y k. Para ello se ha colocado una gota de aceite que se mantiene en contacto con la muestra mediante un cubreobjetos. Ãste provoca una reflectancia adicional (efecto glare) que es necesario corregir. Se plantea el desarrollo matemático para esta corrección, y se realizan las comprobaciones con un sistema estándar.

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Mineralogical, K-Ar, Rb-Sr and stable isotope analyses have been carried out on K-white micas from Helvetic Malm limestones in order to examine their evolution during very low- to low-grade Alpine metamorphism, associated with intense ductile deformation. Metamorphic temperatures were estimated al approximately 300-degrees-C from stable isotopes (quartz-calcite thermometry), occurrence of chloritoid, and `'epizonal'' illite crystallinity index. K-white micas consist of variable mixtures of 2M, phengite and muscovite, as revealed by detailed X-ray diffraction analyses using peak decomposition of the (060, 331) spectra. K-Ar apparent ages display a strong grain-size dependence in which mainly fine-grained size fractions (< 2 mum) record Alpine ages (37-15 Ma). However, these ages provide a relative rather than an absolute chronology of the diachronous Alpine metamorphic evolution of the Helvetic nappes. The resetting of the K-Ar isotopic system of K-white micas to Alpine metamorphic conditions reflects an apparent combination of crystallization/recrystallization and radiogenic Ar-40 diffusion loss. The oxygen isotope compositions of micas (+ 15 to + 22 parts per thousand) are intermediate between detrital and O-18-enriched values expected for micas neoformed within an abundant marine carbonate matrix. No isotopic equilibrium has been reached between calcite and micas. The variable depletion of hydrogen isotope compositions (- 126 to - 82 parts per thousand) is influenced by the interaction with organic matter under closed-system conditions. Organic matter, if not removed, may also represent a serious source of error in K-Ar age determination, by introducing radiogenic Ar-40 contamination. Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope ratios of micas range from 0.70879 to 0.70902 with one outlier at 0.71794. The low values reflect Sr exchange with calcite occurring during crystallization/recrystallization of micas under closed-system conditions.

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It is widely known that informal contacts and networks constitute a major advantage when searching for a job. Unemployed people are likely to benefit from such informal contacts, but building and sustaining a network can be particularly difficult when out of employment. Interventions that allow unemployed people to effectively strengthen their networking capability could as a result be promising. Against this background, this article provides some hints in relation to the direction that such interventions could take. First, on the basis of data collected on a sample of 4,600 newly-unemployed people in the Swiss Canton of Vaud, it looks at the factors that influence jobseekers' decisions to turn to informal contacts for their job search. The article shows that many unemployed people are not making use of their network because they are unaware of the importance of this method. Second, it presents an impact analysis of an innovative intervention designed to raise awareness of the importance of networks which is tested in a randomized controlled trial setting.

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RESUME: Etude de l'activation et de l'inactivation pH-dépendantes des canaux ASICs (Acid-Sensing Ion Channels) Benoîte BARGETON, Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1005 Lausanne, Suisse Les canaux sodiques ASICs (Acid-Sensing Ion Channels) participent à la signalisation neuronale dans les systèmes nerveux périphérique et central. Ces canaux non voltage dépendants sont impliqués dans l'apprentissage, l'expression de la peur, la neurodégénération consécutive à une attaque cérébrale et la douleur. Les bases moléculaires sous-tendant leur activité ne sont pas encore totalement comprises. Ces canaux sont activés par une acidification du milieu extracellulaire et régulés, entre autres, par des ions tels que le Ca2+, le Zn2+ et le CI". La cristallisation de ASIC inactivé a été publiée. Le canal est un trimére de sous-unités identiques ou homologues. Chaque sous-unité a été décrite en analogie à un avant bras, un poignet et une main constituée d'un pouce, d'un doigt, d'une articulation, une boule β et une paume. Nous avons appliqué une approche bioinformatique systématique pour identifier les pH senseurs putatifs de ASICIa. Le rôle des pH senseurs putatifs a été testé par mutagénèse dirigée et des modifications chimiques combinées à une analyse fonctionnelle afin de comprendre comment les variations de ρ H ouvrent ces canaux. Les pH senseurs sont des acides aspartiques et glutamiques éparpillés sur la boucle extracellulaire suggérant que les changements de pH contrôlent l'activation et l'inactivation de ASIC en (dé)protonant ces résidus en divers endroits de la protéine. Par exemple lors de l'activation, la protonation des résidus à l'interface entre le pouce, la boule β et le doigt d'une même sous-unité induit un mouvement du pouce vers la bouie β et le doigt. De même lors de l'inactivation du canal les paumes des trois sous-unités formant une cavité se rapprochent. D'après notre approche bioinformatique, aucune histidine n'est impliquée dans la détection des variations de pH extracellulaire c'est-à-dire qu'aucune histidine ne serait un pH-senseur. Deux histidines de ASIC2a lient le Zn2+ et modifient l'affinité apparente du canal pour les protons. Une seule des deux est conservée parmi tous les ASICs, hASICIa H163. Elle forme un réseau de liaison hydrogène avec ses voisins conservés. L'étude détaillée de ce domaine, Pinterzone, montre son importance dans l'expression fonctionnelle des canaux. La perturbation de ce réseau par l'introduction d'un résidu hydrophobe (cystéine) par mutagénèse dirigée diminue l'expression du canal à la membrane plasmique. La modification des cystéines introduites par des réactifs spécifiques aux groupements sulfhydryle inhibe les canaux mutés en diminuant leur probabilité d'ouverture. Ces travaux décrivent les effets de l'acidification du milieu extracellulaire sur les canaux ASICs. ABSTRACT: Study of pH-dependent activation and inactivation of ASIC channels Benoîte BARGETON, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1G05 Lausanne, Switzerland The ASIC (Acid-Sensing Ion Channels) sodium channels are involved in neuronal signaling in the central and peripheral nervous system. These non-voltage-gated channels are involved in learning, the expression of fear, neurodegeneration after ischemia and pain sensation. The molecular bases underlying their activity are not yet fully understood. ASICs are activated by extracellular acidification and regulated, eg by ions such as Ca2+, the Zn2+ and CI". The crystallization of inactivated ASIC has been published. The channel is a trimer of identical or homologous subunits. Each subunit has been described in analogy to a forearm, wrist and hand consisting of a thumb, a finger, a knuckle, a β-ball and a palm. We applied a systematic computational approach to identify putative pH sensor(s) of ASICIa. The role of putative pH sensors has been tested by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification combined with functional analysis in order to understand how changes in pH open these channels. The pH sensors are aspartic and glutamic acids distributed throughout the extracellular loop, suggesting that changes in pH control activation and inactivation of ASIC by protonation / deprotonation of many residues in different parts of the protein. During activation the protonation of various residues at the interface between the finger, the thumb and the β-ball induces the movement of the thumb toward the finger and the β-ball. During inactivation of the channel the palms of the three subunits forming a cavity approach each other. No histidine has been shown to be involved in extracellular pH changes detection, i.e. no histidine is a pH- sensor. Two histidines of ASIC2 bind Zn2+ and alter the apparent affinity of channel for protons. Only one of the two His is conserved among all ASICs, hASICIa H163. This residue is part of a network of hydrogen bonding with its conserved neighbors. The detailed study of this area, the interzone, shows its importance in the functional expression of ASICs. Disturbance of this network by the introduction of hydrophobic residues decreases the cell surface channel expression. Chemical modification of the introduced cysteines by thiol reactive compounds inhibits the mutated channels by a reduction of their open probability. These studies describe the effects of extracellular acidification on ASICs. RESUME GRAND PUBLIC: Etude de l'activation et de l'inactivation pH-dépendantes des canaux ASICs (Acid-Sensing Ion Channels) Benoîte BARGETON, Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1005 Lausanne, Suisse La transmission synaptique est un processus chimique entre deux neurones impliquant des neurotransmetteurs et leurs récepteurs. Un dysfonctionnement de certains types de synapses est à l'origine de beaucoup de troubles nerveux, tels que certaine forme d'épilepsie et de l'attention. Les récepteurs des neurotransmetteurs sont de très bonnes cibles thérapeutiques dans de nombreuses neuropathologies. Les canaux ASICs sont impliqués dans la neurodégénération consécutive à une attaque cérébrale et les bloquer pourraient permettre aux patients d'avoir moins de séquelles. Les canaux ASICs sont des détecteurs de l'acidité qui apparaît lors de situations pathologiques comme l'ischémie et l'inflammation. Ces canaux sont également impliqués dans des douleurs. Cibler spécifiquement ces canaux permettrait d'avoir de nouveaux outils thérapeutiques car à l'heure actuelle l'inhibiteur de choix, l'amiloride, bloque beaucoup d'autres canaux empêchant son utilisation pour bloquer les ASICs. C'est pourquoi il faut connaître et comprendre les bases moléculaires du fonctionnement de ces récepteurs. Les ASICs formés de trois sous-unités détectent les variations de l'acidité puis s'ouvrent transitoirement pour laisser entrer des ions chargés positivement dans la cellule ce qui active la signalisation neuronale. Afin de comprendre les bases moléculaires de l'activité des ASICs nous avons déterminé les sites de liaison des protons (pH-senseurs), ligands naturels des ASICs et décrit une zone importante pour l'expression fonctionnelle de ces canaux. Grâce à une validation systématique de résultats obtenus en collaboration avec l'Institut Suisse de Bioinformatique, nous avons décrit les pH-senseurs de ASICIa. Ces résultats, combinés à ceux d'autres groupes de recherche, nous ont permis de mieux comprendre comment les ASICs sont ouverts par une acidification du milieu extracellulaire. Une seconde étude souligne le rôle structural crucial d'une région conservée parmi tous les canaux ASICs : y toucher c'est diminuer l'activité de la protéine. Ce domaine permet l'harmonisation des changements dus à l'acidification du milieu extracellulaire au sein d'une même sous-unité c'est-à-dire qu'elle participe à l'induction de l'inactivation due à l'activation du canal Cette étude décrit donc quelle région de la protéine atteindre pour la bloquer efficacement en faisant une cible thérapeutique de choix.

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Objectives: To characterize the modifications of gene expression of adenosine receptors (AR), TRPC channels, HIF-1α and iNOS during the early cardiogenesis in response to chronic hypoxia exposure. Methods: 4-day-old chick embryos were subjected in ovo to 6H, 12H and 24H of hypoxia (10% O2). The mRNA expression was quantified by RT-qPCR. Results: The targeted genes were found to be expressed at mRNA level with a differential expression pattern within the heart. Hypoxia has no significant effect on mRNA expression of ARs, TRPCs channels and iNOS within the heart. By contrast, HIF-1α mRNA expression shows a tendency to be down-regulated by hypoxia. Conclusion: These results suggest that an intrauterine oxygen lack does not significantly affect expression of genes involved in adenosine signaling and in calcium handling by store operated channels (TRPC).

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Comprend : [Planche du 1er Frontispice. Parisienne fin de siècle] [Cote : BNF C214312] ; [2ème frontispice. Hommes et femmes de la bourgeoisie dans un café parisien.] [Cote : BNF 91C153751] ; [Planche du 3ème frontispice. Homme et deux élégantes dans un café parisien.] [Cote : BNF C214313] ; [Planche en regard de la p.11. Bourgeois et élégantes parisiennes.] [Cote : BNF C214314] ; [Planche en regard de la p.37. L'ambulante.] [Cote : BNF C39544] ; [Planche en regard de la p.49. Le marchand de marrons parisien.] [Cote : BNF C39545] ; [Planche en regard de la p.55. La Bièvre. Paysage des alentours de Paris.] [Cote : BNF C39546] ; [Planche en regard de la p.66. La rue de la Chine à Paris.] [Cote : BNF C39547] ; [Planche en regard de la p.85. Homme mangeant à une table de café parisien.] [Cote : BNF C214315] ; [Planche en regard de la p.99. Elégante parisienne.] [Cote : BNF C214316]