The lipid composition of a cell membrane modulates the interaction of an antiparasitic peptide at the air-water interface

The antiparasitic property of peptides is believed to be associated with their interactions with the protozoan membrane, which calls for research on the identification of membrane sites capable of peptide binding. In this study we investigated the interaction of a lipophilicglutathioine peptide known to be effective against the African Sleeping Sickness (ASS - African Trypanosomiasis) and cell membrane models represented by Langmuir monolayers. It is shown that even small amounts of the peptide affect the monolayers of some phospholipids and other lipids, which points to a significant interaction. The latter did not depend on the electrical charge of the monolayer-forming molecules but the peptide action was particularly distinctive for cholesterol + sphingomyelin monolayers that roughly resemble rafts on a cell membrane. Using in situ polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), we found that the orientation of the peptide is affected by the phospholipids and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), but not in monolayers comprising cholesterol + sphingomyelin. In this mixed monolayer resembling rafts, the peptide still interacts and has some induced order, probably because the peptide molecules are fitted together into a compact monolayer. Therefore, the lipid composition of the monolayer modulates the interaction with the lipophilic glutathioine peptide, and this may have important implications in understanding how the peptide acts on specific sites of the protozoan membrane. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Stability and interface properties of thin cellulose ester films adsorbed from acetone and ethyl acetate solutions

Stability and interface properties of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) films adsorbed from acetone or ethyl acetate onto Si wafers have been investigated by means of contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface energy (gamma(total)(S)) values determined for CAP adsorbed from acetone are larger than those from ethyl acetate. In the case of CAB films adsorbed from ethyl acetate and acetone were similar. Dewetting was observed by AFM only for CAP films prepared from ethyl acetate. Positive values of effective Hamaker constant (A(eff)) were found only for CAP prepared from ethyl acetate, corroborating with dewetting phenomena observed by AFM. Oil the contrary, negative values of A(eff) were determined for CAP and CAB prepared from acetone and for CAB prepared from ethyl acetate, Corroborating with experimental observations. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectra indicated that CAP and CAB films prepared from ethyl acetate present more alkyl groups oriented perpendicularly to the polymer-air interface than those films prepared from acetone. Such preferential orientation corroborates with macroscopic contact angle measurements. Moreover, SFG spectra showed that acetone hinds strongly to Si wafers, creating a new surface for CAP and CAB films. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Femtosecond laser ablation on dental hard tissues-Analysis of ablated profile near an interface using local effective intensity

This study evaluated the process of ablation produced by a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser under different average powers taking place at the enamel/dentin interface. Based on the geometry of ablated microcavities the effective intensity for ablation was obtained. This study shows the validity for the local effective intensity analysis and allows a quantification of the variation in the ablation geometry taking place at the interface of two naturally different materials. It shows that the variation of the diameter of the ablated region as a function of the cavity depth comes essentially from a mechanism of effective intensity attenuation, as a result of a series of complex effects. Additionally, our data are sufficient to predict that a discontinuity on the ablation profile will occur on the interface between two biological media: enamel-dentin, showing a suddenly jump on the ablated cavity dimensions.

Properties of lipophilic nucleoside monolayers at the air-water interface

The capability of self-assembly and molecular recognition of biomolecules is essential for many nanotechnological applications, as in the use of alkyl-modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides to increase the cellular uptake of DNA and RNA. In this study, we show that a lipophilic nucleoside, which is an isomer mixture of 2`-palmitoyluridin und 3`-palmitoyluridin, forms Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films as a typical amphiphile, though with a smaller elasticity. The nucleoside may be incorporated into dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) monolayers that serve as a simplified cell membrane model. The molecular-level interactions between the nucleoside and DPPC led to a remarkable condensation of the mixed monolayer, which affected both surface pressure and surface potential isotherms. The morphology of the mixed monolayers was dominated by the small domains of the nucleoside. The mixed monolayers could be deposited onto solid substrates as a one-layer Langmuir Blodgett film that displayed UV-vis absorption spectra typical of aggregated nucleosides owing to the interaction between the nucleoside and DPPC. The formation of solid films with DNA building blocks in the polar heads may open the way for devices and sensors be produced to exploit their molecular recognition properties. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Surface Activity of the Triflate Ion at the Air/Water Interface and Properties of N,N,N-Trimethyl-N-Dodecylammonium Triflate Aqueous Solutions

The surface activity of salts added to water is Air orders of magnitude lower than that of surfactants. Sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaTf) produced a change in surface tension. with concentration, Delta gamma/Delta c, of -13.2 mN.L/m.mol. This value is ca. 4-fold larger than those of simple salts and that of methanesulfonate. This unexpected surface effect suggested that positively charged micelles containing Tf could exhibit interesting properties. Dodecyltrimethylammonium triflate (DTATf) had a higher Kraft temperature (37 degrees C) and a lower cmc (5 x 10(-3)M) and degree of dissociation (0.11) than the chloride and bromide salts of DTA. Above the Kraft temperature, at a characteristic temperature t(1), the addition of NaTf above 0.05 M. to a DTATf solution induced phase separation. By increasing the temperature of the two-phase system to above t(1), a homogeneous, transparent solution was obtained at a characteristic temperature t(2). These results, together with well-known triflate properties, led us to suggest that the Tf ion pairs With DTA and that the -CF(3) group may be dehydrated in the interfacial region, resulting in new and interesting self-aggregated structures.

Langmuir Films of Petroleum at the Air-Water Interface

Understanding the behavior of petroleum films at the air/water interface is crucial for dealing with oil sticks and reducing the damages to the environment, which has normally been attempted with studies of Langmuir films made of fractions of petroleum. However, the properties of films from whole petroleum samples may differ considerably from those of individual fractions, Using surface pressure and surface potential measurements and Brewster angle and fluorescence microscopy, we show that petroleum forms it nonhomogeneous Langmuir film at the air-water interface. The surface pressure isotherms for petroleum Langmuir films exhibit gas (G), liquid-expanded (LE), and liquid-condensed phases, with almost no hysteresis in the compression-decompression cycles. Domains formed upon compression from the G to the LE phase were accompanied by an increase in fluorescence intensity with excitation at 400-440 nm owing to an increase in the surface density of the chromophores in the petroleum film. The surface pressure and the fluorescence microscopy data pointed to self-assembling domains into a pseudophase in thermo-dynamic equilibrium with other less emitting petroleum components. This hypothesis was supported by Brewster angle microscopy images, whereby the appearance of water domains even at high surface pressures confirms the tendency of petroleum to stabilize emulsion systems. The results presented here suggest that, for understanding the interaction with water, it may be more appropriate to use the whole petroleum samples rather than its fractions.

Unravelling the Chemical Morphology of a Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Interface by Confocal Raman Microscopy: New Clues for Improving the Efficiency of Dye Solar Cells and Photocatalysts

The presence of anatase and rutile domains on nanocrystalline films of P25 TiO(2), as well as the distinct coordination modes of carboxylates on those phases, were revealed by confocal Raman microscopy, a technique that showed to be suitable for imaging the chemical morphology down to submicrometric size.

Electrochemical studies of the interface Fe/0.5 mol L(-1) H(2)SO(4) in the presence of benzotriazole and tolytriazole

The effect of benzotriazole (BTAH) and tolytriazole (TTAH) on the electrochemical behaviour of the Fe/0.5 mol L(-1) H(2)SO(4) interface at 25 degrees C was studied using cronopotentiometry, anodic and cathodic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. BTAH and TTAH are inhibitors of anodic iron dissolution and the subsequent hydrogen evolution in 0.5 mol L(-1) H(2)SO(4) medium. Mass transport is an important step in the anodic process of inhibitive film formation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the iron dissolution mechanism in the presence of the inhibitors and showed that BTAH and TTAH are adsorbed on the iron surface, thereby changing its dissolution mechanism in sulfate media. Starting from an iron dissolution model, it was possible to suggest two different mechanisms for iron dissolution in 0.5 mol L(-1) H(2)SO(4) containing BTAH or TTAH that involve a complex Fe(II)-inhibitor. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Assessing the Design of the Library's Discovery Interface and Online resources: A Case Study at the University of Maryland

This presentation was offered as part of the CUNY Library Assessment Conference, Reinventing Libraries: Reinventing Assessment, held at the City University of New York in June 2014.

Uma interface visual para modelos de bancos de dados orientados a objetos com suporte para versões

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto de uma interface visual para modelos de bancos de dados orientados a objetos, com suporte para versões. Um requisito importante, não atendido pelas interfaces visuais específicas e genéricas para sistemas orientados a objetos, é a capacidade de definir e manipular versões de um objeto nos vários níveis da hierarquia de classes (herança por extensão, adotada pelo modelo de versões [GOL 95]). As interfaces, que manipulam versões, suportam essa característica no nível mais especializado da hierarquia (herança por refinamento, adotada pelos principais SGBDOOs). Procurando prover a possibilidade do versionamento de objetos nos vários níveis da hierarquia de classes, surgiu a motivação para projetar e desenvolver uma interface visual com funcionalidades de interfaces existentes (específicas e genéricas) e que obedeça às características principais dos Modelos de Dados Orientados a Objetos e do Modelo de Versões [GOL 95], seguindo as características recomendadas para interfaces visuais para MDOOs, propostas em [SIL 96]. Foi implementado um protótipo com algumas das características projetadas para o browser de objeto e seu suporte para versões.

Cooperação interfuncional no desenvolvimento de novos produtos : a interface marketing-engenharia

A cooperação interfuncional é o calcanhar-de-aquiles do processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Todas as tentativas de diminuir-se o tempo de desenvolvimento impulsionaram cada vez mais o trabalho conjunto das diversas áreas. Somadas à importância de uma atuação integrada, especialmente das áreas de Marketing e Engenharia, para o sucesso dos novos produtos no mercado, essas tentativas formam um cenário de interfuncionalidade que se torna o eixo do processo de desenvolvimento. Porém a cooperação entre as funções nesse cenário não se dá de forma natural e, muitas vezes, torna-se um empecilho que prejudica o processo. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido no sentido de trazer algumas luzes à compreensão da dinâmica da cooperação entre as áreas de Marketing e Engenharia no desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Isso foi feito através da análise dos mecanismos de integração existentes na literatura e daqueles utilizados pelas empresas. A metodologia utilizada contou com duas etapas: uma de revisão bibliográfica, que permitiu identificar os mecanismos de integração elaborados e apresentados pela literatura das áreas de Engenharia da Produção e de Marketing e os elementos que influenciam a cooperação interfuncional; e uma de estudo de casos, que analisou os mecanismos de integração utilizados por duas empresas localizadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Associando-se a revisão bibliográfica à análise dos casos, chegou-se a um conjunto de 11 fatores intervenientes na cooperação interfuncional e à relação desses fatores entre si e com os mecanismos de integração utilizados. A realização deste trabalho permitiu, de um lado, a identificação e análise de aspectos essenciais da cooperação interfuncional e, de outro, demonstrou a complexidade envolvida nesse tema e a necessidade de futuros trabalhos para uma compreensão mais completa do mesmo.

Avaliação das demandas de usuários operadores e engenheiros na elaboração de uma interface gráfica de um sistema supervisório (SDCD) de uma planta petroquímica

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, analisar e selecionar as variáveis prioritárias para o controle de um Sistema Digital de Controle Distribuído (SDCD) de transporte pneumático de esferas de uma Petroquímica. O método adotado no estudo foi o Desenho Comentado de Guimarães (1993), onde o usuário é filmado enquanto desenha e verbaliza sobre como se dá o funcionamento e o controle do sistema em estudo. O método permitiu conhecer as necessidades e prioridades dos sujeitos envolvidos na pesquisa e identificou diferenças entre as opiniões, que impactam na concepção da interface: basicamente, os operadores e engenheiros entendem o funcionamento do sistema de forma semelhante mas divergem na forma de conceber uma tela para o controle do mesmo sistema. Os sujeitos engenheiros foram mais detalhistas e preocupados com a segurança do sistema, ao verbalizarem mais variáveis nos dois modos de operação (funcionamento e controle) se comparados com os operadores. Os operadores mostraram preferência por uma interface que represente a área. Pode-se concluir que os operadores têm uma visão local (operacional) do sistema supervisório e os engenheiros têm uma visão global (gerencial) do mesmo sistema. Uma proposta de interface que concilie os conhecimentos teórico e tácito dos dois sujeitos parece ser a melhor alternativa de interface a ser testada.

A gestão de tesouraria e sua interface com as estratégias financeiras das empresas de pequeno porte do setor metal-mecânico de Caxias do Sul

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo discutir e compreender as implicações dos padrões e controles adotados na gestão de tesouraria das pequenas empresas do setor metal- mecânico de Caxias do Sul, na formulação das estratégias financeiras destas organizações. Através de pesquisa exploratória e quantitativa, alicerçada por um questionário, tabulou-se as respostas a fim de proporcionar instrumentos de análise. Buscou-se o cruzamento de respostas e estabelecer relações de interdependência entre as hipóteses formuladas. No discorrer do texto busca-se inicialmente, fazer um breve relato dos conceitos gerais de administração financeira e justificar sua importância para as empresas. Em seguida, apresenta-se as especificidades das pequenas empresas, destacando os conceitos mais comuns de tesouraria e discutindo os conceitos de estratégia. Depois, são abordadas as possibilidades da gestão de tesouraria ser um instrumento estratégico para essas organizações. Finalmente, confrontando e analisando os resultados, pode-se identificar a forma de gestão da tesouraria e as relações que se estabelecem entre a tesouraria e a formulação das estratégias financeiras das pequenas empresas.