Fibre Transfer in Merino Ewes Mated with Damara, Merino or Dorper Rams in Central Western Queensland

Considerable concern has been expressed by the Australian wool industry regarding the contamination of the clip with coloured or kempy fibres from imported breeds of sheep. As part of the evaluation of imported sheep meat breeds in western Queensland, a study is examining fibre growth and transfer of fibres and the potential to cause physical contamination of Merino fleeces. The breeds of concern in this study are the Damara, a fat-tailed breed with a hairy, coloured fleece and the Dorper which has both pigmented fibres and a kempy fleece which is shed cyclically. Three groups of Merino 27 ewes were mated to Merino, Damara and Dorper rams respectively and fibre transfer to the Merino ewes during mating, from lambing to weaning and during grazing, assessed. Both a direct field method and a laboratory method (Hatcher 1995) are being used. Those measured by direct count were measured immediately after joining and 2, 4 and 8 weeks subsequently. and the other ewes were shorn and sampled and measured in the laboratory using the dark fibre detector. This paper presents preliminary findings of those ewes monitored by the direct field method. Animal production for a consuming world : proceedings of 9th Congress of the Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies [AAAP] and 23rd Biennial Conference of the Australian Society of Animal Production [ASAP] and 17th Annual Symposium of the University of Sydney, Dairy Research Foundation, [DRF]. 2-7 July 2000, Sydney, Australia.

Boundary-layer convective heat transfer in a convergent channel

In this paper the numerical solution of the heat transfer problem in a convergent channel with uniform and non-uniform wall temperatures under boundary-layer approximations has been presented. Also, a semi-analytical solution for uniform wall temperature has been obtained.

Dynamics of the ammonium ion in the ferroelectric transition in sodium ammonium selenate, NaNH4SeO4·2H2O-an E.S.R. study

E.S.R. investigations of γ-irradiated ferroelectric Sodium ammonium selenate, NaNH4SeO4•2H2O and its deuteriated analogue in powder and single crystal forms have led to a deeper understanding of the nature of the ferroelectric transition of 180 K. A number of paramagnetic species formed due to γ-irradiation have been identified on the basis of their g-factors and hyperfine features from 77Se. The radical SeO4 has been used as a microprobe in studying the phase transition.

Resistivity Maxima in Lithium Fast-Ion Conductors at High Pressure

The resistivity of two types of lithium fast-ion conductors, Li16-2xZnx(GeO4)4 (x=1,2) and Li3+xGexV1-xO4 (x=0.25,0.6,0.72), showed pronounced maxima as a function of pressure. For the first type, ln(ρ / ρ0) peaked at values of 0.12 (x=1) and 0.35 (x=2) near 20 kbar and decreased thereafter up to 80 kbar. Thermal activation energies and prefactors also showed corresponding maxima. For the second type, ln(ρ / ρ0) increased to 3-4 between 20 and 32 kbar. Near 80 kbar, ρ decreased (for x=0.25) by a factor of 250. The results are interpreted in terms of negative activation volumes.

The Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpene Isocyanides and Isothiocyanates in the Marine Sponge Acanthella cavernosa (Dendy); Evidence for Dietary Transfer to the Dorid Nudibranch Phyllidiella pustulosa

The tropical marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa (Dendy) converts potassium [14C] cyanide to axisonitrile-3 (1); this precursor is also used for the synthesis of axisothiocyanate-3 (2) suggesting that isocyanides are precursors to isothiocyanates in A. cavernosa. Likewise, potassium [14C] thiocyanate is used for the synthesis of axisothiocyanate-3; unexpectedly this precursor also labelled axisonitrile-3. These results demonstrate either an interconversion between cyanide and thiocyanate prior to secondary metabolite formation or that the secondary metabolites can themselves be interconverted. Specimens of the dorid nudibranch Phyllidiellu pustulosa, preadapted to a diet of A. cavernosa, fed on 14C-labelled sponges and were subsequently found to contain the radioactive terpenes (1) and (2). Specimens of P. pustulosa, which had not expressed a dietary preference for A. cavernosa in the field, did not generally feed in aquarium tests with 14C-labelled sponges and, therefore, provided non-radioactive extracts. Since control experiments demonstrated the inability of P. pustulosa to synthesise the metabolites de novo, we therefore conclude that P. pustulosa acquires secondary metabolites by dietary transfer from A. cavernosa.

History, Transfer, Politics : Five studies on the legacy of Uppsala philosophy

The Uppsala school of Axel Hägerström can be said to have been the last genuinely Swedish philosophical movement. On the other hand, the Swedish analytic tradition is often said to have its roots in Hägerström s thought. This work examines the transformation from Uppsala philosophy to analytic philosophy from an actor-based historical perspective. The aim is to describe how a group of younger scholars (Ingemar Hedenius, Konrad Marc-Wogau, Anders Wedberg, Alf Ross, Herbert Tingsten, Gunnar Myrdal) colonised the legacy of Hägerström and Uppsala philosophy, and faced the challenges they met in trying to reconcile this legacy with the changing philosophical and political currents of the 1930s and 40s. Following Quentin Skinner, the texts are analysed as moves or speech acts in a particular historical context. The thesis consists of five previously published case studies and an introduction. The first study describes how the image of Hägerström as the father of the Swedish analytic tradition was created by a particular faction of younger Uppsala philosophers who (re-) presented the Hägerströmian philosophy as a parallel movement to logical empiricism. The second study examines the confrontations between Uppsala philosophy and logical empiricism in both the editorial board and in the pages of Sweden s leading philosophical journal Theoria. The third study focuses on how the younger generation redescribed Hägerströmian legal philosophical ideas (Scandinavian Legal Realism), while the fourth study discusses how they responded to the accusations of a connection between Hägerström s value nihilistic theory and totalitarianism. Finally, the fifth study examines how the Swedish social scientist and Social Democratic intellectual Gunnar Myrdal tried to reconcile value nihilism with a strong political programme for social reform. The contribution of this thesis to the field consists mainly in a re-evaluation of the role of Uppsala philosophy in the history of Swedish philosophy. From this perspective the Uppsala School was less a collection of certain definite philosophical ideas than an intellectual legacy that was the subject of fierce struggles. Its theories and ideas were redescribed in various ways by individual actors with different philosophical and political intentions.

MHD Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer Due to a Point Sink

The magnetofluid dynamic steady incompressible laminar boundary layer flow for a point sink with an applied magnetic field and mass transfer has been studied. The two-point boundary-value problem governed by self-similar equations has been solved numerically. It is observed that the magnetic field increases the skin friction, but reduces the heat transfer and mass flux diffusion. However, the skin friction, heat transfer and mass flux diffusion increase due to suction and the effect of injection is just opposite. Prandtl and Schmidt numbers affect the temperature and concentration, respectively.

Oxygen transfer in circular surface aeration tanks

Surface aeration systems employed in activated sludge plants are the most energy-intensive units of the plants and typically account for a higher percentage of the treatment facility's total energy use. The geometry of the aeration tank imparts a major effect on the system efficiency. It is said that at optimal geometric onditions, systems exhibits the maximum efficiency. Thus the quantification of the optimal geometric conditions in surface aeration tanks is needed. Optimal geometric conditions are also needed to scale up the laboratory result to the field installation. In the present work, experimental studies have been carried out on baffled and unbaffled circular surface aeration tanks to ascertain the optimal geometric conditions. It is found that no optimal geometric conditions exist for the liquid/water depth in circular surface aeration tanks; however, for design purposes, a standard value has been assumed. Based on the optimal geometric conditions, a scale-up equation has been developed for the baffled circular surface aeration tanks.

Crystallization kinetics of poly(l-lactic acid)

The morphology and crystal growth of poly(l-lactic acid), PLLA have been studied from the melt as a function of undercooling and molecular weight using hot stage microscopy. Attention has been given to the application of growth rate equation on the growth rate data of PLLA and thus various nucleation parameters have been calculated. The criteria of Regime I and Regime II types of crystallization has been applied for the evaluation of substrate lengths.

Oxidative extraction and ion-exchange of lithium in Li2MoO3: synthesis of Li2âxMoO3 and H2MoO3

It is shown that lithium can be oxidatively extracted from Li2MoO3 at room temperature using Br2 in CHCl3. The delithiated oxides, Li2â��xMoO3 (0 < x â�¤ 1.5) retain the parent ordered rocksalt structure. Complete removal of lithium from Li2MoO3 using Br2 in CH3CN results in a poorly crystalline MoO3 that transforms to the stable structure at 280�°C. Li2MoO3 undergoes topotactic ion-exchange in aqueous H2SO4 to yield a new protonated oxide, H2MoO3.

Coherence transfer via longitudinal spin order generalized pulse pair filtering for pure phase two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

A generalized pulse pair has been suggested in which the longitudinal spin order is retained and the transverse components cancelled by random variation of the interval between pulses, in successive applications of the two-dimensional NMR algorithm. This method leads to pure phases and has been exploited to provide a simpler scheme for two-spin filtering and for pure phase spectroscopy in multiple-quantum-filtered two-dimensional NMR experiments.

Unsteady compressible 3-dimensional boundary-layer flow near an asymmetric stagnation point with mass transfer

The heat and mass transfer for unsteady laminar compressible boundary-layer flow, which is asymmetric with respect to a 3-dimensional stagnation point (i.e. for a jet incident at an angle on the body), have been studied. It is assumed that the free-stream velocity, wall temperature, and surface mass transfer vary arbitrarily with time and also that the gas has variable properties. The solution in the neighbourhood of the stagnation point has been obtained by series expansion in the longitudinal distance. The resulting partial differential equations have been solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme. The results show that, in contrast with the symmetric flow, the maximum heat transfer does not occur at the stagnation point. The skin-friction and heat-transfer components due to asymmetric flow are only weakly affected by the mass transfer as compared to those components associated with symmetric flow. The variation of the wall temperature with time has a strong effect on the heat transfer component associated with the symmetric part of the flow. The skin friction and heat transfer are strongly affected by the variation of the density-viscosity product across the boundary layer. The skin friction responds more to the fluctuations of the free stream oscillating velocities than the heat transfer. The results have been compared with the available results and they are found to be in excellent agreement.

Constitutive modeling of shape memory alloy wire with non-local rate kinetics

A constitutive modeling approach for shape memory alloy (SMA) wire by taking into account the microstructural phase inhomogeneity and the associated solid-solid phase transformation kinetics is reported in this paper. The approach is applicable to general thermomechanical loading. Characterization of various scales in the non-local rate sensitive kinetics is the main focus of this paper. Design of SMA materials and actuators not only involve an optimal exploitation of the hysteresis loops during loading-unloading, but also accounts for fatigue and training cycle identifications. For a successful design of SMA integrated actuator systems, it is essential to include the microstructural inhomogeneity effects and the loading rate dependence of the martensitic evolution, since these factors play predominant role in fatigue. In the proposed formulation, the evolution of new phase is assumed according to Weibull distribution. Fourier transformation and finite difference methods are applied to arrive at the analytical form of two important scaling parameters. The ratio of these scaling parameters is of the order of 10(6) for stress-free temperature-induced transformation and 10(4) for stress-induced transformation. These scaling parameters are used in order to study the effect of microstructural variation on the thermo-mechanical force and interface driving force. It is observed that the interface driving force is significant during the evolution. Increase in the slopes of the transformation start and end regions in the stress-strain hysteresis loop is observed for mechanical loading with higher rates.

Bile Acid Derived PET-Based Cation Sensors: Molecular Structure Dependence of their Sensitivity

A number of bile acid derived photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based sensors for metal ions are prepared. A general strategy for designing the sensor with a modular nature allows for making different molecules capable of sensing different metal ions by a change in the fluorophore and receptor unit. Keeping the basic molecular structure the same, different bile acid base fluoroionophores were prepared inorder to achieve the highest sensitivity toward the metal ions. Thesensors showed similar binding constants for the same metal ion, but the degree Of fluorescence enhancement upon addition of the metal salts were different. The sensitivities of the sensors towards a certain metal were determined from the observed fluorescence enhancement upon addition of the metal salt.