Estudo do liquor de cupuaçu

O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum), que é um fruto amazônico, vem conquistando a cada ano mais espaço no mercado nacional e internacional com a comercialização de sua polpa. Suas sementes, consideradas como subproduto, vem despertando interesse não só no mundo científico como pelas indústrias. Sabe-se que, a partir das sementes, pode-se obter produtos análogos aos oriundos das sementes de cacau, seguindo as mesmas etapas de processamento. Dentre esses produtos tem-se o liquor de cupuaçu, semelhante ao liquor de cacau que é um dos ingredientes da formulação do chocolate. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da obtenção e caracterização física, química e físico-química do liquor de cupuaçu. Obteve-se três amostras de liquor de cupuaçu, cada qual partindo de lotes diferentes de fermentação. Foram avaliados a composição centesimal e o comportamento reológico. O liquor de cupuaçu apresentou alto teor de lipídios (63,93 a 66,51%) e alto valor calórico (677,35 a 691,17kcal/100g). O teor de proteínas variou de 8,95 a 10,31%. A viscosidade plástica de Casson diminuiu com o aumento de temperatura. A distribuição do tamanho das partículas influenciou nas diferenças de viscosidades entre as amostras, havendo maior redução de viscosidade plástica com o aumento da temperatura nas amostras que apresentaram maior diâmetro de partículas. A gordura de cupuaçu apresentou comportamento newtoniano à 40ºC.

Qualidade da farinha de mandioca do grupo seca

Na Região Norte, a farinha de mandioca é produzida em pequenos estabelecimentos denominados de "Casas de Farinha", que apresentam problemas de adequação às exigências da legislação devido ao seu processamento e às precárias condições higiênico-sanitárias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o padrão de qualidade da farinha de mandioca do grupo seca, subgrupo fina, tipo 1. Foram coletadas dez amostras de farinha de mandioca nos principais supermercados e feiras da cidade de Belém, PA, tendo sido realizadas análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e pesquisa de sujidades. De acordo com a Portaria Nº 554 de 30.08.1995 da Secretaria da Agricultura, do Abastecimento e Reforma Agrária, das dez amostras de farinha de mandioca analisadas, em todas foram encontrados valores acima do padrão permitido para a acidez total, cujo valor máximo é de 3 meq. NaOH/100 g, e cinco amostras apresentaram-se abaixo da tolerância mínima exigida para o amido, que é de 75%. De acordo com a Resolução RDC nº 12 de 02.01.2001 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, todas as amostras de farinha de mandioca apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões aceitáveis de contaminantes microbiológicos. De acordo com a Resolução RDC nº 175 de 08.07.2003, das dez amostras de farinha de mandioca analisadas, foram encontradas oito fora dos padrões exigidos, por apresentarem sujidades.

Estudo das propriedades físico-químicas e microbiológicas no processamento da farinha de mandioca do grupo d'água

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-química das etapas de processamento da farinha de mandioca do grupo d'água, bem como a identificação de contaminantes microbiológicos e físicos. As coletas das amostras foram realizadas em uma Casa de Farinha, no Município de Castanhal - PA. Selecionou-se os pontos de coleta: mandioca descascada e lavada após o período de molho (MD); mandioca triturada (MT); mandioca prensada (MP); e farinha de mandioca (FM), realizando-se as análises de umidade e acidez em todos os pontos de coleta e, para a farinha de mandioca, além destas, cinzas, atividade de água, proteínas, lipídios e amido. A umidade inicial da amostra MD foi de 59,22 a 62,64%, obtendo o produto final (FM) umidade de 1,43 a 2,12%. A acidez inicial foi alta (4,91 a 5,96 meq NaOH.100 g -1) na MD, ocorrendo aumento progressivo até a obtenção da farinha (6,54 a 10,19 meq NaOH.100 g -1), onde o exigido pela legislação é de 3 meq NaOH.100 g -1. Para o amido, o valor obtido foi de 73,19 a 75,31%, conforme o exigido pela legislação (mínimo 70%). A farinha apresentou-se aceitável pela legislação para Coliformes (<3 NMP.g -1). Para Bacillus cereus, a farinha apresentou valor <1 x 10¹ UFC.g -1, permitido pela legislação, e ausência de Salmonella. A farinha apresentou sujidades.

Estudo das propriedades físico-químicas do tucupi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-química e a quantificação do cianeto em amostras do produto "tucupi", comercializado na cidade de Belém - PA. Sendo o tucupi um alimento líquido, sua umidade se apresentou na faixa de 94,66 a 97,46%, possuindo, portanto, de 5,36 a 2,55% de matéria-seca para tais valores. O teor de cinzas variou entre 0,18 e 1,08%. A acidez total das amostras analisadas variou entre 3,92 e 10,66 meq NaOH.100 mL-1. Com relação a proteínas, o tucupi apresentou teores baixos, entre 0,33 e 0,66%. Os valores de pH variaram entre 3,00 e 4,35. Finalmente, verificou-se que o teor de cianeto livre ficou na faixa de 9,47 a 46,86 mg HCN.kg-1, enquanto que o do cianeto total foi de 55,58 a 157,17 mg HCN.kg-1, apresentando variações significativas entre os produtos.

Cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica e complicações microvasculares do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2)

ResumoIntrodução:O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é caracterizado por uma desregulação metabólica, originando complicações microvasculares, mais especificamente a retinopatia, nefropatia e a neuropatia. A prevenção e tratamento das complicações são alvo da farmacoterapia, porém, evidências demonstram que a cirurgia bariátrica/metabólica é superior ao melhor tratamento farmacológico, pois apresenta melhor controle da glicemia, hipertensão e dislipidemias.Métodos:Por meio de pesquisa no PubMed, são discutidas as recentes publicações que evidenciam o efeito positivo das intervenções cirúrgicas sobre as complicações microvasculares, como melhora da microalbuminúria e mesmo preservação de função renal.Discussão:Existem evidências de benefício das operações bariátricas/metabólicas sobre a nefropatia diabética. Os dados sobre retinopatia são ainda ambivalentes. Na literatura, há uma diferença significativa no benefício da cirurgia em neuropatia.Conclusão:Apesar de resultados surpreendentes e positivos, para que se estabeleça definitivamente o papel da cirurgia bariátrica/metabólica nas complicações micovasculares do DM2, há a necessidade de novos estudos randomizados controlados e prospectivos.

Um estudo sobre a vitimização para a cidade de São Paulo

A study about the victimization in the city of São Paulo. This paper applies the crime economics theory to Brazilian data. Following Becker (1968), Hinderlang et al. (1978) and Cohen et al. (1981), we tested the microeconomic factors that influence crime and victimization. For this end, the two waves of research of victimization of the Instituto Futuro Brasil, 2003 and 2008, were used in an effort to identify the determinants of victimization and police notification, using probit model. The main results suggest the factors which impact significantly the probability of victimization are the demographic characteristics, economic conditions and personal habits. The models of "life style" and "opportunity" seem to have good performance.

Ordning och reda

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Esculturas líquidas: a pré-expressividade e a forma fluida na dança educativa (pós) moderna

O artigo utiliza-se de dois termos técnicos do Sistema Laban de Análise de Movimento - a Pré-Expressividade e a Forma Fluida - para promover a auto-percepção, a consciência corporal e o desenvolvimento de qualidades sutis de movimento. O Sistema Laban é apresentado em suas quatro categorias - Corpo, Expressividade, Forma e Espaço - e detalhado nos dois itens selecionados, quanto à terminologia técnica e quanto ao uso em sala de aula e no palco. Em seguida, a Pré-Expressividade e a Forma Fluida são aplicadas à composição coreográfica através da técnica de Movimento Genuíno, indo de improvisações durante o processo criativo até a realização de obras de interação artística.

Encyclopédie des voyages contenant l'abrégé historique des moeurs, usages... religions... sciences, arts et commerce de tous les peuples et la collection complette de leurs habillemens,... par J. Grasset-St-Sauveur,...

Référence bibliographique : Colas, 1292

Enhancing teaching and learning speech acts: action research of Japanese as a foreign language /

This action research observes a second year Japanese class at a university where foreign language courses are elective for undergraduate students. In this study, using the six strategies to teach Japanese speech acts that Ishihara and Cohen (2006) suggested, I conducted three classes and analyzed my teaching practice with a critical friend. These strategies assist learners toward the development of their understanding of the following Japanese speech acts and also keep the learners to use them in a manner appropriate to the context: (I) invitation and refusal; (2) compliments; and (3) asking for a permission. The aim of this research is not only to improve my instruction in relation to second language (L2) pragmatic development, but also to raise further questions and to develop future research. The findings are analyzed and the data derived from my journals, artifacts, students' work, observation sheets, interviews with my critical friend, and pretests and posttests are coded and presented. The analysis shows that (I) after my critical friend encouraged my study and my students gave me some positive comments after each lesson, I gained confidence in teaching the suggested speech acts; (2) teaching involved explaining concepts and strategies, creating the visual material (a video) showing the strategies, and explaining the relationship between the strategy and grammatical forms and samples of misusing the forms; (3) students' background and learning styles influenced lessons; and (4) pretest and posttests showed that the students' Icvel of their L2 appropriate pragmatics dramatically improved after each instruction. However, after careful observation, it was noted that some factors prevented students from producing the correct output even though they understood the speech act differences.

Neuromuscular adaptations in endurance-trained boys and men

Competitive sports participation in youth is becoming increasingly more common in the Western world. It is widely accepted that sports participation, specifically endurance training, is beneficial for physical, psychomotor, and social development of children. The research on the effect of endurance training in children has focused mainly on healthrelated benefits and physiological adaptations, particularly on maximal oxygen uptake. However, corresponding research on neuromuscular adaptations to endurance training and the latter's possible effects on muscle strength in youth is lacking. In children and adults, resistance training can enhance strength and mcrease muscle activation. However, data on the effect of endurance training on strength and neuromuscular adaptations are limited. While some evidence exists demonstrating increased muscle activation and possibly increased strength in endurance athletes compared with untrained adults, the neuromuscular adaptations to endurance training in children have not been examined. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine maximal isometric torque and rate of torque development (RID), along with the pattern of muscle activation during elbow and knee flexion and extension in muscle-endurancetrained and untrained men and boys. Subjects included 65 males: untrained boys (n=18), endurance-trained boys (n=12), untrained men (n=20) and endurance-trained men (n=15). Maximal isometric torque and rate of torque development were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex III), and neuromuscular activation was assessed using surface electromyography (SEMG). Muscle strength and activation were assessed in the dominant arm and leg, in a cross-balanced fashion during elbow and knee flexion and extension. The main variables included peak torque (T), RTD, rate of muscle activation (Q30), Electro-mechanical delay (EMD), time to peak RTD and co-activation index. Age differences in T, RTD, electro-mechanical delay (EMD) and rate of muscle activation (Q30) were consistently observed in the four contractions tested. Additionally, Q30, nonnalized for peak EMG amplitude, was consistently higher in the endurancetrained men compared with untrained men. Co-activation index was generally low in all contractions. For example, during maximal voluntary isometric knee extension, men were stronger, had higher RTD and Q30, whether absolute or nonnalized values were used. Moreover, boys exhibited longer EMD (64.8 ± 18.5 ms vs. 56.6 ± 15.3 ms, for boys and men respectively) and time to peak RTD (112.4 ± 33.4 ms vs. 100.8 ± 39.1 ms for boys and men, respectively). In addition, endurance-trained men had lower T compared with untrained men, yet they also exhibited significantly higher nonnalized Q30 (1.9 ± 1.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.7 for endurance-trained men and untrained men, respectively). No training effect was apparent in the boys. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate muscle strength and activation to be lower in children compared with adults, regardless of training status. The higher Q30 of the endurance-trained men suggests neural adaptations, similar to those expected in response to resistance training. The lower peak torque may su9gest a higher relative involvement oftype I muscle fibres in the endurance-trained athletes. Future research is required to better understand the effect of growth and development on muscle strength and activation patterns during dynamic and sub-maximal isometric contractions. Furthennore, training intervention studies could reveal the effects of endurance training during different developmental stages, as well as in different muscle groups.

The effect of synchronized group activities on pain threshold as a predictor of cooperation

Recent research suggests that participating in vigorous synchronized physical activity may result in elevated levels of endorphins, which may in turn affect social bonding (Cohen et. al., 2009). The present research aimed to examine whether or not the change in pain tolerance would be able to predict participants’ willingness to cooperate after statistically controlling for the groups’ condition. Participants were asked to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes under one of two conditions (control vs. synchronized). Prior to and after the run participants underwent a pain tolerance test. Once completed, a second activity was introduced to the participants; a cooperative game. A public goods game was used to measure an individual’s willingness to cooperate. The results showed the synchronized condition was able to predict that participants cooperated more during the public goods game (p = .009), however the change in pain threshold was unable to significantly predict cooperation (p = .32).

Andrew Bloomfield collection, 2006-2012

Andrew Bloomfield, and his twin sister Victoria, were born on May 6, 1968 in Auckland, New Zealand. The following year, the family moved to Guelph, Ontario. It became apparent from the time Andrew was 14 months old that he differed considerably from his twin sister, and he was subsequently diagnosed with autism when he was four years old. As a result, he lived away from his family for much of his early life in order to participate in programs for autistic people. Andrew found this very difficult, but also made some significant progress. He became able to relate to and care for his dog, and was able to express his thoughts with Augmentative and Alternative Communication, especially using Supported Typing. His twin sister Victoria was an important person in his life, and her untimely death in a car accident in 1996 devastated him. However, his network of friends and family have provided immense support and helped him build a fulfilling and meaningful life. In 2004 Andrew founded a group of other adult communicators who "type to talk" which he named "Bridges-Over-Barriers". They meet monthly in Guelph and contributed to the 2010 volume with accompanying documentary film on DVD. He lives in his own home in Guelph, guaranteed by a housing trust, and has written several books, including an autobiography, Bridges over Barriers in My Life with Autism.

Woodruff Family fonds, 1784 – 1983, (non-inclusive)

The Woodruff Family Collection: From the time the Woodruff Family came to Canada from the United States in 1795, they took an active role in the forming of their communities both in a civic and social manner. This is evident through the documents contained in this collection. The Woodruffs played an active role in the battles fought in Upper Canada and they were an integral part of the Village of St. Davids. They were educated, business-minded and socially engaged. They accumulated much of their fortune through land dealings. Much of this collection focuses on Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff who was principally a businessman. His dedication to his work is shown through his numerous undertakings. He made his mark on the Niagara Peninsula through his work on the railways, roads, marsh land revisions, canals and the paper industry. He was also involved with the founding of the Long Point Company and he took control of building DeVeaux Hall down to the last detail. His offspring inherited his work ethic and his business acumen. The people who married into the Woodruff Family also possessed key social, political and business ties. Anne and Margaret Clement were from a staunch Loyalist background. Samuel Zimmerman was instrumental to the founding of Niagara Falls and Judge Samuel DeVeaux left behind a legacy for poor and homeless boys in Niagara Falls, New York. The Woodruff Family undoubtedly left a mark on the Niagara Peninsula. This collection brings to light many endeavours of the family and their varied contributions.

Ordination Program, 3 October 1981

A program for the Ordination to the Priesthood of Sean Patrick O'Sullivan Conferred by Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter, D.D., Ph.D., Archbishop of Toronto.