Carbono orgânico e carbono residual do solo em sistema de plantio direto, submetido a diferentes manejos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Atributos químicos do solo sob plantio direto afetado por sistemas de culturas e fontes de adubação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise temporal do uso do solo e comparação entre os índices de vegetação ndvi e savi no município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP usando imagens landsat-5

This work aims to analyze the land use evolution in the city of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP through supervised classification of Landsat-5 TM satellite images according to the maximum likelihood (Maxlike), as well as verifying the mapping accuracy through Kappa index, comparing NDVI and SAVI vegetation indexes in different adjustment factors for the canopy substrate and determining the vegetal coverage percentage in all methods used on 2007, May 26 th; 2009, January 7 th and 2009, April 29 th. The Maxlike classification showed several spatial changes in land use over the study period. The most appropriated vegetation indexes were NDVI and SAVI - 0,25 factor, which showed similar values of vegetal coverage percentage, but discrepant from the inferred value for Maxlike classification.

Correlação entre os dismorfismos oocitários e os resultados da fertilização in vitro

In assisted reproduction, the selection of gametes to achieve better clinical outcomes is a crucial task of embryologists. The quality of the oocyte is a key factor in female fertility, reflecting the intrinsic potential of gamete development, and has a vital role not only in conception but also in subsequent embryonic development. Oocyte dysmorphisms are classified into two types: cytoplasmic, including the presence of granules and/or cytoplasmic inclusions (vacuoles, refractive bodies, and aggregates of the endoplasmic reticulum), and extracytoplasmic (changes in the shape of the oocyte, the zona pellucida, the space perivitelline changes and the polar body). Variations in oocyte morphology may occur due to factors such as the age of women, genetic problems and changes in the hormonal environment to which the oocyte is exposed in ovarian hyperstimulation. The classification of oocyte morphology and its correlation with embryo development and pregnancy rates are controversial in the literature. Several studies show no association between oocyte dysmorphisms and the results of in vitro fertilization, while others report an association between oocyte morphology and embryo development. These differences in the results can be explained by the use of different morphological criteria due to a lack of standardization of oocyte evaluation. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

Avaliação das propriedades químicas em solo de cerrado SOB reflorestamento ciliar

The rapid growth of agriculture, promoted by public government initiatives, favored an out of control deforestation of our forests; today, reforestation of permanent preservation areas are necessary for the conservation of our natural resources, and recovery of such areas are required by public laws. In an area of 5.26 acres of riparian reforestation in the savanna soil chemical properties were evaluated after twenty years of planting. It was analyzed the following variables: (P, organic matter (MO), pH, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al and S) in 13 modules, with three replicas in two depths (0 - 20 and 20 - 40 cm) in a randomized block design in hierarchical scheme. Reforestation with tree species on the edge of Parana river in Selvíria (MS) contributes to chemical soil attributes, under riparian reforestation, as similar as a soil without human disturbance in this region; it is also possible to verify that forestry plantation promotes deposition of organic material which is essential for nutrient cycling, which keep the chemical properties of such soil in good condition for the establishment of riparian vegetation.

Influência de diferentes sistemas de cultivo nos atributos físicos e no carbono orgânico do solo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atributos físicos do solo em diferentes condições de cobertura vegetal em área de plantio direto

The use of cover crops in the soil causes changes in soil attributes influencing in a series of hydro-physical processes, which also modify the ability of soil to support the many activities that it is intended. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crops on physical attributes of the soil. For this, an experiment was carried out on a Typic Hapludox, Jaboticabal State, Brazil, using cover crops of millet, sunn hemp, jack bean, lab-lab and black velvet bean in no-tillage and fallow area (spontaneous vegetation). The characteristics evaluated were the bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, aggregate stability, penetration resistance and organic matter. The incorporation of cover crops has proved to be a beneficial practice for the physical attributes of the soil, allowing a greater aggregate stability compared to fallow in the depth of 0-0.05 m. All cover crops presented values of soil penetration resistance below the critical value of 2 MPa.

produção de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo submetidas à salinidade em solo com biofertilizante bovino

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from May 1 to July 31, 2008, in Areia county, Paraiba State, PB, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on initial growth of the passionfruit seedlings in non-saline substrate with and without bovine biofertilizer. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, with three replications and twelve plants per plots, in a factorial arrangement 5 × 2 × 2, corresponding the former to the levels of salinity in the irrigation water: 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soils with and without bovine biofertilizer applied at two moments (25 and 65 days after seedling emergence). The growth of the seedlings and the soil electrical conductivity were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The biofertilizer was diluted in a low saline water at a 1:1 ratio and was applied once two days before sowing, corresponding to 10% of the substrates volume. The increase in water salinity inhibited the growth in height of plants, leaf area and root length, but always to a lesser extent in the treatments with bovine biofertilizer. The increase in electrical conductivity of the irrigation water elevated the soil salinity, independently of the addition of biofertilizer.

Uso de Dois Espaçamentos Entre Gotejadores na Mesma Linha Lateral e Seus Efeitos Sobre a Formação do Bulbo Molhado no Solo e Parâmetros Físicos de Rabanete

The use of irrigation systems that consume lower water and energy in agriculture is important to supply the growing global demand for food. In this way, it's important to develop techniques that will increase the uniformity of water application on drip irrigation systems. The aim of the work was to compare the provision of lateral lines in drip irrigation, through the formation of wet bulbs in soil and physical parameters of radish, composed of single spacing between drippers in relation to lateral lines composed of two segments, each one composed by different spacing between emitters. Two distributions of evaluation were carried out: 1) conventional drip lateral lines with 20 cm emitter spacing were compared to proposed drip lines, with 24 emitter spacing in the initial section and 20 cm emitter spacing in the final section; 2) conventional drip lateral lines with 30 cm emitter spacing were compared to proposed drip lines, with 36 emitter spacing in the initial section and 30 cm emitter spacing in the final section. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Sao Manuel Experimental Farm, located at Sao Manuel, SP. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with six treatments and four replications. Results showed no difference among treatments for the most of the evaluated variables. So it is possible to conclude that the use of different spacing between emitters in the same lateral line can be used to increase the line length.

Agonistas do GnRH, antagonistas do GnRH e a reprodução assistida: Análogos do GnRH x fertilização in vitro

The agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were introduced in ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization to avoid a premature surge of luteinizing hormone. Although they are accompanied by some disadvantages, GnRH agonists have become well accepted in clinical practice, and their use is associated with increased rates of pregnancy. The development of GnRH antagonists capable of blocking the pituitary immediately offered a therapeutic option. Comparative studies between the two analogs have suggested that the use of antagonists is associated with a shorter duration of ovulatory stimulus and a decreased incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, while the type of GnRH analogues used show no significant effects on the rates of pregnancy and live birth. However, GnRH agonists have other applications in assisted reproductive technology cycles than the pituitary downregulation.

Porosidade e infiltração de água do solo sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

Management systems affect soil structure, causing changes in porosity that can influence water infiltration into the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different management systems on the porosity and water infiltration in Distroferric Red Nitosol with clay texture. The management systems were: conventional with disc plow + two soft harrowing, conventional with heavy disc harrow + two soft harrowing, no tillage and fallow. The following attributes: porosity, pore shape and water infiltration velocity into the soil were determined. Management systems such as no-tillage, conventional with disc plow and heavy disc harrow, and fallow modify the porosity and the shape of pores of a Distroferric Red Nitosol, influencing water infiltration, which was favored in no-tillage for the greater presence of elongated pores.

Propriedades físico-hídricas, desenvolvimento radicular e produtividade da soja em dois tipos de manejos de solo

The soybean culture is part of crop rotation used by irrigators from the southwestern region of São Paulo State that perform no-tillage soil management as a form of sustainable soil use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of this conservationist practice on physicalhydric properties, soil compaction, root development, and soybean culture production components in relation to the conventional management. The experiment was conducted at the Buriti-Mirim Farm, Angatuba, SP, in Brazil, using an area irrigated by a center pivot system divided into two types of soil management: conventional and no-tillage. Although the no-tillage management presented higher soil density, lower water available and lower soil resistance to penetration, both soil managements showed no difference in relation to root development.

Uso do solo e monitoramento dos recursos hídricos no córrego do Ipê, Ilha Solteira, SP

Brazil has great potential of water resources, however, with deficiency in terms of qualitative and quantitative monitoring and knowledge of the influences of land use. So, this study had the purpose of presenting the qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water for irrigation and the influences caused by the use and occupation of land in the watershed of Ipê stream, in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, São Paulo. The qualitative monitoring was conducted from 2006 to 2011 and the quantitative monitoring from 2009 to 2011. In order to evaluate the influences, the Pearson correlation analysis was used. It was found that the watershed is mostly made up by the crop of sugar cane and the use in conflict with areas of permanent preservation are the fallow areas and pasture. The watershed is characterized with high concentrations of iron and coliforms, originating from degraded pastures and irregular use of urban and rural occupation. The small permanent preservation areas, bad soil conservation and expansion of urban areas imply in the deterioration of the quality and availability of water, generating socio-economic and environmental impact in the area.

Análise da compacidade do solo na área urbana de Bauru/ Estado de São Paulo utilizando Ensaios de Penetração Padronizado e sísmica de refração

This study was done to determine compactness of soil strata in the urban area of Bauru, central São Paulo State using standard penetration test (SPT) and seismic refraction methods. Frequency distribution within boreholes was measured every meter to a depth of 30 meters. The geometric mean of standard penetration test values was computed every meter. A biplot graph showing the relationship of SPT with depth indicates soil stratification. In addition, five sections of seismic refraction values, which also indicate the compactness of soil strata, were obtained. A comparison of the two methods shows significant correlation between the results obtained from each.

Estimativa Da Água No Solo Em Floresta de Eucalyptus Grandis

The study aimed to assess the moisture and density of the soil, the amount of water stored in the profile, and the average soil's porosity with Eucalyptus grandis reforestation, compared to bare soil. The study areas are located in the Paulista region, in São Paulo, Brazil. The samples were collected in layers of 0, 20, 40, 60, 100 and 300 cm, in the months of April, June, August and October 2008. The results show that the density is lower and the porosity is higher in Eucalyptus forest soil compared to bare soil, due to the higher content of organic matter in forest leaf litter. Furthermore, the forest soil has a lower amount of water stored in profile than the bare soil without vegetation.