External capital flows in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s: experiences and policies

Includes bibliography

An exact series solution for the vibration analysis of cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions

In this paper, an exact series solution for the vibration analysis of circular cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions is obtained, using the elastic equations based on Flügge's theory. Each of the three displacements is represented by a Fourier series and auxiliary functions and sought in a strong form by letting the solution exactly satisfy both the governing differential equations and the boundary conditions on a point-wise basis. Since the series solution has to be truncated for numerical implementation, the term exactly satisfying should be understood as a satisfaction with arbitrary precision. One of the important advantages of this approach is that it can be universally applied to shells with a variety of different boundary conditions, without the need of making any corresponding modifications to the solution algorithms and implementation procedures as typically required in other techniques. Furthermore, the current method can be easily used to deal with more complicated boundary conditions such as point supports, partial supports, and non-uniform elastic restraints. Numerical examples are presented regarding the modal parameters of shells with various boundary conditions. The capacity and reliability of this solution method are demonstrated through these examples. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

External sector statistics for development planning: a matter for statisticians and planners?

Includes bibliography

The State and transnational banks: lessons from the Bolivian crisis of external public indebtedness

Includes bibliography

Transnational banks, external debt and Perú: results of a recent study

Includes bibliography

The real cost of the external debt for the creditor and for the debtor

Includes bibliography

The external debt and the financial problems of Latin America

Se refiere a las magnitudes envueltas en los problemas financieros de America Latina, al aumento de la deuda externa latinoamericana, y las razones y consecuencias de ese aumento. Plantea las soluciones de emergencia y de mediano plazo, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, y las perspectivas para el futuro cercano.

The international scene and Latin America's external debt

Includes bibliography

Foreign policy and international financial negotiations: the external debt and the Cartagena Consensus

Includes bibliography

External debt: why don't our governments do the obvious?

Examina el proceso de la renegociacion de la deuda externa y la necesidad de instaurar una logica mas compatible con los intereses de los paises latinoamericanos. Expone como condicion necesaria para lograrlo, la capacidad de los liderazgos politicos para presentar a sus pueblos las verdaderas opciones, asi como los costos y riesgos de cada una de ellas.

External debt and crisis: the decline of the orthodox procedures

Includes bibliography

The external debt of the Latin American countries

También en: Comercio Exterior, México, DF, v. 36, No 5, p. 382, mayo 1986 (78609); y en: U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs: The costs of foreign debt for the United States and the Third World, Washington, DC

External debt and the reform of the international monetary system

Includes bibliography

Stress distribution in implant-supported prosthesis with external and internal implant-abutment connections

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the stress distribution in screwed implant-supported prostheses with different implant-abutment connections by using a photoelastic analysis. Materials and methods. Four photoelastic models were fabricated in PL-2 resin and divided according to the implant-abutment connection (external hexagon (EH) and Morse taper (MT) implants (3.75 × 11.5 mm)) and the number crowns (single and 3-unit piece). Models were positioned in a circular polariscope and 100-N axial and oblique (45) loading were applied in the occlusal surface of the crowns by using a universal testing machine. The stresses were photographically recorded and qualitatively analyzed using software (Adobe Photoshop). Results. Under axial loading, the MT implants exhibited a lower number of fringes for single-unit crowns than EH implants, whereas for a 3-unit piece the MT implants showed a higher number of fringes vs EH implants. The oblique loading increased the number of fringes for all groups. Conclusion. In conclusion, the MT implant-abutment connection reduced the amount of stress in single-unit crowns, for 3-unit piece crowns the amount of stress was lower using an external hexagon connection. The stress pattern was similar for all groups. Oblique loading promoted a higher stress concentration than axial loading. © Informa Healthcare.