Psicologia das motivações ajurídicas do sentenciar : a emergência do saber em detrimento do poder

RESUMO:A pretensão deste trabalho reside na indagação sobre a eventual existência de um acervo de motivações ajurídicas que fundamentem as decisões judicias, erigindo como actor principal o Aplicador da Lei. Para tanto – recorreu-se à utilização de um instrumento construído pela autora, em 2005 – a Grelha de Observação das Motivações Ajurídicas do Sentenciar – destinado a captar aspectos considerados principais na comunicação dos protagonistas do processo de criminalização secundária, quer ao nível da comunicação verbal (C.V.) quer no concerne à comunicação não verbal (C.N.V.), verificando, depois, em presença das decisões, as razões justificativas evidenciadas. E que constituíram o suporte ajurídico de cada sentença. Assim, realizou-se um trabalho de observação, tendo a Grelha de Observação sido aplicada por licenciados em Psicologia, estudantes do 2º ciclo de Psicologia Forense e da Exclusão Social (Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias), e alunos da Faculdade de Direito (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), que operaram em três tribunais criminais de Lisboa A amostra é constituída por 25 julgamentos, com um total de 64 personagens judiciais. Os resultados, ainda que meramente indicativos, demonstram uma tendência para a validade e consistência interna da grelha, indiciando também a verificação de motivações ajurídicas nas decisões judiciais. ABSTRACT: The intention of this work resides in the investigation of the eventual existence of an amount of non judicial motivations which support judicial decisions, where the law applicator arises as the main actor. For such - the use of an instrument built by the author in 2005 was resorted to - the Observation grid of the non judicial motivations of the sentencing - destined to capture aspects considered primary in the communication of the key players of the secondary criminalization process, in both the verbal communication level and in what concerns non verbal communication, later verifying, in the presence of the decisions, the evidenced justifiable reasons, which established the non judicial support of each sentence. Thus, an observational work was performed, having been applied the observation grid by Psychology graduates, students of the masters in Forensic Psychology and of Social Exclusion (Lusófona University of Humanities and Technology), as well as students of the Faculty of Law (New University of Lisbon), which operated in three criminal courts in Lisbon. The sample consists of 25 trials, with a total of 64 judicial characters. The results, even if only indicative, show a trend towards internal consistency and validity of the grid, also indicating the verification of non judicial motivations in judicial decisions.

O invisível da Sociedade : crianças e jovens em risco

Este trabalho de investigação, no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Especial, da Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, enquadra-se na temática das crianças e jovens em risco e tem como objecto de estudo a Comissão de Protecção de Crianças e Jovens de Sobral de Monte Agraço. Procurou-se, com este estudo, conhecer quem são as crianças e jovens sinalizadas, quais as problemáticas de sinalização e o seu perfil tipo. Procuramos também perceber o modus operandi desta CPCJ, tendo como pano de fundo o trabalho da representante do Ministério da Educação. Com isto, foi nosso intuito, repensar e redimensionar estratégias de intervenção. Para encetar este trabalho de investigação, optou-se, metodologicamente, por realizar um enquadramento teórico focado especificamente na exclusão social, nas famílias de risco e nas crianças e jovens em risco. Como método de investigação utilizamos a pesquisa documental e as notas de campo. Os resultados empíricos evidenciaram que a CPCJ de Sobral de Monte Agraço através do trabalho que tem desenvolvido com as entidades com responsabilidade em matéria de infância e juventude, permitiu a criação de uma maior consciência colectiva sobre o fenómeno das crianças em risco e da necessidade de investir no bem-estar destas crianças e jovens e das suas famílias.

A incubação das micro, pequenas e médias empresas (MPMEs) em Portugal : uma discussão sobre custos de transacção, dimensão competitiva e a cadeia de valor

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem por objectivo discutir as formas como as incubadoras de empresas contribuem para a criação da cadeia de valores de Micros, Pequenas e Médias Empresas (MPMEs) permitindo a redução dos seus custos de transacção. Para melhor compreender a forma como se reduzem os custos de transacção é importante conhecer os pressupostos comportamentais que provocam a existência de tais custos: a racionalidade limitada, porque a nossa forma de pensar tem limitações; e o oportunismo, porque há pessoas com comportamentos desonestos envolvidas no negócio. O verdadeiro poder explicativo da teoria dos custos de transacção está, no entanto, na análise de três variáveis que determinam se esses custos serão mais baixos numa estrutura hierárquica ou num mercado. Estas três variáveis são: a especificidade de activos - se uma transacção envolve ou não activos específicos à actividade da empresa; a incerteza - qual o grau de incerteza em encontrar um produto ou serviço externo à empresa; e a frequência - e se um bem ou serviço é frequentemente utilizado ou não. As incubadoras de empresas são actualmente consideradas como uma iniciativa essencial ao desenvolvimento socioeconómico regional, e nacional. Estas instituições contribuem para corrigir ineficiências no mercado, conferindo às empresas uma capacidade de inovação tecnológica que garante empregos e a criação de riquezas, aumentando o bem-estar da sociedade. O sucesso da sua actuação resume-se à capacidade para gerar dimensões virtuais que contribuem para a cadeia de valores, permitindo as MPMEs, a redução dos seus custos de transacção. ABSTRACT: This work aims to discuss the relevant forms how incubators contribute to the value chain of a in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME´s) reducing their transaction costs. To better understand how transaction costs can be reduced one must recognize the behavioral assumptions that are behind there existence; bounded rationality - because our way of thinking has limitations and opportunism - because there are dishonest people involved in the business. The true cost theory´s explanatory power comes from the analyses of the three variables that determine whether those costs will be lower in a hierarchical structure or a market structure. These three variables are: specificity of assets - if the transaction involves or not specific assets in for the firm´s activity; the uncertainty - what is the degree of uncertainty in finding a product or service external to the firm; and the frequency - what is the frequency of the good or service use. Business incubators are currently regarded as a key initiative for the national or regional economic development. The institutions contribute to correct market inefficiencies, improving the capacity of firms to produce technological innovations that guaranty jobs and wealth creation increasing welfare. The success of this all boils down to the capacity to create virtual dimensions that contributes to the MSME´s value chain reducing transaction costs.

O planejamento econômico no Brasil: considerações críticas

In the past thirty years, a series of plans have been developed by successive Brazilian governments in a continuing effort to maximize the nation's resources for economic and social growth. This planning history has been quantitatively rich but qualitatively poor. The disjunction has stimulated Professor Mello e Souza to address himself to the problem of national planning and to offer some criticisms of Brazilian planning experience. Though political instability has obviously been a factor promoting discontinuity, his criticisms are aimed at the attitudes and strategic concepts which have sought to link planning to national goals and administration. He criticizes the fascination with techniques and plans to the exclusion of proper diagnosis of the socio-political reality, developing instruments to coordinate and carry out objectives, and creating an administrative structure centralized enough to make national decisions and decentralized enough to perform on the basis of those decisions. Thus, fixed, quantified objectives abound while the problem of functioning mechanisms for the coordinated, rational use of resources has been left unattended. Although his interest and criticism are focused on the process and experience of national planning, he recognized variation in the level and results of Brazilian planning. National plans have failed due to faulty conception of the function of planning. Sectorial plans, save in the sector of the petroleum industry under government responsibility, ha e not succeeded in overcoming the problems of formulation and execution thereby repeating old technical errors. Planning for the private sector has a somewhat brighter history due to the use of Grupos Executivos which has enabled the planning process to transcend the formalism and tradition-bound attitudes of the regular bureaucracy. Regional planning offers two relatively successful experiences, Sudene and the strategy of the regionally oriented autarchy. Thus, planning history in Brazil is not entirely black but a certain shade of grey. The major part of the article, however, is devoted to a descriptive analysis of the national planning experience. The plans included in this analysis are: The Works and Equipment Plan (POE); The Health, Food, Transportation and Energy Plan (Salte); The Program of Goals; The Trienal Plan of Economic and Social Development; and the Plan of Governmental Economic Action (Paeg). Using these five plans for his historical experience the author sets out a series of errors of formulation and execution by which he analyzes that experience. With respect to formulation, he speaks of a lack of elaboration of programs and projects, of coordination among diverse goals, and of provision of qualified staff and techniques. He mentions the absence of the definition of resources necessary to the financing of the plan and the inadequate quantification of sectorial and national goals due to the lack of reliable statistical information. Finally, he notes the failure to coordinate the annual budget with the multi-year plans. He sees the problems of execution as beginning in the absence of coordination between the various sectors of the public administration, the failure to develop an operative system of decentralization, the absence of any system of financial and fiscal control over execution, the difficulties imposed by the system of public accounting, and the absence of an adequate program of allocation for the liberation of resources. He ends by pointing to the failure to develop and use an integrated system of political economic tools in a mode compatible with the objective of the plans. The body of the article analyzes national planning experience in Brazil using these lists of errors as rough model of criticism. Several conclusions emerge from this analysis with regard to planning in Brazil and in developing countries, in general. Plans have generally been of little avail in Brazil because of the lack of a continuous, bureaucratized (in the Weberian sense) planning organization set in an instrumentally suitable administrative structure and based on thorough diagnoses of socio-economic conditions and problems. Plans have become the justification for planning. Planning has come to be conceived as a rational method of orienting the process of decisions through the establishment of a precise and quantified relation between means and ends. But this conception has led to a planning history rimmed with frustration, and failure, because of its rigidity in the face of flexible and changing reality. Rather, he suggests a conception of planning which understands it "as a rational process of formulating decisions about the policy, economy, and society whose only demand is that of managing the instrumentarium in a harmonious and integrated form in order to reach explicit, but not quantified ends". He calls this "planning without plans": the establishment of broad-scale tendencies through diagnosis whose implementation is carried out through an adjustable, coherent instrumentarium of political-economic tools. Administration according to a plan of multiple, integrated goals is a sound procedure if the nation's administrative machinery contains the technical development needed to control the multiple variables linked to any situation of socio-economic change. Brazil does not possess this level of refinement and any strategy of planning relevant to its problems must recognize this. The reforms which have been attempted fail to make this recognition as is true of the conception of planning informing the Brazilian experience. Therefore, unworkable plans, ill-diagnosed with little or no supportive instrumentarium or flexibility have been Brazil's legacy. This legacy seems likely to continue until the conception of planning comes to live in the reality of Brazil.

A questão do género em Moçambique: contributo para uma análise da sua problemática

RESUMO:O desenvolvimento entendido como um processo político, económico e social, visando uma melhoria constante do bem-estar de toda a população, requer a alocação e utilização de recursos para benefício social e económico da sociedade. Porém, em Moçambique, neste processo, o crescimento e progressão dos grupos sociais ainda é desigual, ocorrendo uma certa marginalização e menor participação nos processos de tomada de decisão, das mulheres e dos grupos desfavorecidos. O presente estudo, subordinado ao tema: “A Questão do Género em Moçambique: Contributo para uma análise da sua problemática”, procurou compreender a importância e o contributo das mulheres moçambicanas inseridas em diferentes áreas de desenvolvimento e o seu empoderamento. O estudo foi centrado nas diversas formas de luta e de intervenção contra a pobreza e a exclusão social. A metodologia do presente trabalho consistiu numa pesquisa empírica através da observação participante, onde foram feitas entrevistas, utilizando guiões pré-elaborados que permitiram recolher os perfis sociológicos das ONGs que trabalham directamente com as questões de género. Foram entrevistadas mulheres que ocupam lugares-chave nas instituições governamentais e algumas parlamentares. Foi igualmente consultada a documentação oficial bem como os dados estatísticos que abordam questões ligadas ao género. As observações feitas indicam-nos que a mulher em Moçambique busca gradualmente o seu espaço no desenvolvimento da sociedade, não se esgotando a sua participação apenas nos processos decisórios a nível governamental e das ONGs, antes estendendo-se ao associativismo nos mais diversos campos sociais. A mulher moçambicana participa hoje, individualmente ou organizada em grupo, em lutas e reivindicações colectivas, tendo crescido positivamente ao conseguir ultrapassar diversos obstáculos. A título de conclusão recomenda-se a inclusão de profissionais da área social nos programas de desenvolvimento. Seria uma forma de fortalecer os avanços já alcançados. A presença de assistentes sociais nos órgãos públicos e noutros sectores mais sensíveis, iria por certo permitir reduzir as preocupações dos que buscam estes serviços. ABSTRACT: The present study on the subject: “The Question of Gender in Mozambique: Development and Issues”, demand to understand the importance and contribution that non-governmental organizations provides on the effort of Mozambican woman in having in the society the space that on right belongs to her. The development understood as the economic, social, cultural and political process that aimed a continuous improvement of the population welfare, require the allocation and use of resources for social and economic benefit of society. However in many countries, as is the case of Mozambique, this process is the advancement of certain groups accompanied by the marginalization, exclusion and subordination of others, especially women. Despite improvement in education and combating poverty, access to education for women remains an unusual reality and poverty persists to affect much of Mozambican women, thus causing its social exclusion. On the other hand, although the law recognizes gender equality, women are still oppressed and often the only career that is destined is to be married, take care of the field and having children. However, several exceptions have occurred in which women have to take political positions and functions exclusively reserved to men before. Women's organizations and women leaders participating in favour of the defence of other women have been contributing to its success. UFUPISHO:Maendeleo, yanayosikiwa kama utaratibu wa jamii, ambao unalinga hali njema ya mustarehe wa watu wote wa nchi, yanahitaji toleo na utumizi wa vifaa kwa fadhili ya jamii na ya kiuchumi ya watu jamii. Walakini katika Mozambiki, mwendeleo unaotukia utaratibuni huu hauko sawa. Funzo hili la kuhusu jambo: “ Swali la jinsi ya kuwa kiume au kike Mozambiki: Maendeleo na Tatizo “, lilitafuta kufahamu muhimu na msaada wa wanawake wa Mozambiki katika maeneo mbalimbali ya maendeleo na ongezo la uwezo wao. Funzo lilifanywa juu ya namna nyingi za mapigano na uamuzi kwa kupingana na umaskini na ondoleo katika jamii. Taratibu ya funzo hili ilikuwa uchunguzi jarabati katika onyo la kushirika,ambamo yalifanywa mahojiano, yakitumia maongozi yaliyofanywa mbele ambayo yaliruhusu kujua tabia za elimujamii za “ONGs” ambazo zinafanya kazi juu ya maswali ya jinsi ya kuwa kiume au kike. Walihojiwa wanawake ambao wanamiliki kazi muhimu katika mashirika ya serikali na wanawake wa bunge. Zilichunguwa pia hati rasmi na takwimu zinazohusu maswali ya jinsi ya kuwa kiume au kike. Maonyo yaliyofanywa yanatuonyesha ya kwamba mwanamke katika Mozambika anatafuta kidogo kidogo nafasi yake maendeleoni ya watu jamii, asipojichosha tu kwa kushirika katika taratibu za kubezwa za serikali za “ONGs” na ushirikiano, ukijitanda kwa maeneo ya jamii makubwa zaidi. Mwanamke wa Mozambiki anashirika peke au kwa kundi, akiunganika mapiganoni na madaini ya pamoja, akigua na akiweza kupita vizuizi vingi. Inashauriwa kwamba kama namna ya kuimarisha maendeleo na kwa sababu mwanamke yuko katika sehemu nyingi za jamii, anaingia ndani ya sekta mbalimbali za ufundi kama kwa mfano msaidizi wa jamii. Kuwapo kwa msaidizi wa jamii katika mashirika ya umma na katika sekta nyingine mbalimbali kutaruhusu kumaliza shughuliko ya wale ambao wanatafuta kazi hizi.

A divulgação de informação sobre planos de benefícios de reforma em Portugal e a sua relação com o endividamento: Uma análise do PSI geral

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

A model to forecast financial failure, in non financial galician SMES

We are concerned with providing more empirical evidence on forecast failure, developing forecast models, and examining the impact of events such as audit reports. A joint consideration of classic financial ratios and relevant external indicators leads us to build a basic prediction model focused in non-financial Galician SMEs. Explanatory variables are relevant financial indicators from the viewpoint of the financial logic and financial failure theory. The paper explores three mathematical models: discriminant analysis, Logit, and linear multivariate regression. We conclude that, even though they both offer high explanatory and predictive abilities, Logit and MDA models should be used and interpreted jointly.

The prominence of social responsibility disclosure in Portuguese companies’ web pages

This study investigates Portuguese companies’ use of the Internet to communicate social responsibility information, and the factors that affect this use. It examines the characteristics of companies that influence the prominence of social responsibility information on the Internet. Firm-specific factors that explain SRD by companies operating in a European country in which capital market fund raising is not regarded to be an important source of financing are analysed. The results are interpreted through the lens of a “political economy” framework which combines stakeholder and legitimacy theories perspectives, according to which companies disclose social responsibility information to present a socially responsible image so that they can legitimise their behaviours to their stakeholder groups and influence the external perception of reputation. Results suggest that a theoretical framework combining stakeholder and legitimacy theories may provide an explanatory basis for SRD by Portuguese companies. However, this study does not provide us with enough evidence to determine that the prominence given to CSR activities by Portuguese companies in their websites is linked to relationships with their stakeholders

Quantificação da difusão na ressonância magnética da mama: ADC e Kurtosis

Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às Tecnologias da Saúde. Área de especialização: Ressonância Magnética

Eastwards / westwards: which direction for gender studies in the 21st century?

Eastwards / Westwards: Which Direction for Gender Studies in the XXIst Century? is a collection of essays which focus on themes and methods that characterize current research into gender in Asian countries in general. In this collection, ideas derived from Gender Studies elsewhere in the world have been subjected to scrutiny for their utility in helping to describe and understand regional phenomena. But the concepts of Local and Global – with their discoursive productions – have not functioned as a binary opposition: localism and globalism are mutually constitutive and researchers have interrogated those spaces of interaction between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’, bearing in mind their own embeddedness in social and cultural structures and their own historical memory. Contributors to this collection provided a critical transnational perspective on some of the complex effects of the dynamics of cultural globalization, by exploring the relation between gender and development, language, historiography, education and culture. We have also given attention to the ideological and rhetorical processes through which gender identity is constructed, by comparing textual grids and patterns of expectation. Likewise, we have discussed the role of ethnography, anthropology, historiography, sociology, fiction, popular culture and colonial and post-colonial sources in (re)inventing old/new male/female identities, their conversion into concepts and circulation through time and space. This multicultural and trans-disciplinary selection of essays is totally written in English, fully edited and revised, therefore, it has a good potential for an immediate international circulation. This project may trace new paths and issues for discussion on what concerns the life, practices and narratives by and about women in Asia, as well as elsewhere in the present day global experience. Academic readership: Researchers, scholars, educators, graduate and post-graduate students, doctoral students and general non-fiction readers, with a special interest in Gender Studies, Asia, Colonial and Post-Colonial Literature, Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History, Historiography, Politics, Race, Feminism, Language, Linguistics, Power, Political and Feminist Agendas, Popular Culture, Education, Women’s Writing, Religion, Multiculturalism, Globalisation, Migration. Chapter summary: 1. “Social Gender Stereotypes and their Implication in Hindi”, Anjali Pande, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. This essay looks at the subtle ways in which gender identities are constructed and reinforced in India through social norms of language use. Language itself becomes a medium for perpetuating gender stereotypes, forcing its speakers to confirm to socially defined gender roles. Using examples from a classroom discussion about a film, this essay will highlight the underlying rigid male-female stereotypes in Indian society with their more obvious expressions in language. For the urban woman in India globalisation meant increased economic equality and exposure to changed lifestyles. On an individual level it also meant redefining gender relations and changing the hierarchy in man-­woman relationships. With the economic independence there is a heightened sense of liberation in all spheres of social life, a confidence to fuzz the rigid boundaries of gender roles. With the new films and media celebrating this liberated woman, who is ready to assert her sexual needs, who is ready to explode those long held notions of morality, one would expect that the changes are not just superficial. But as it soon became obvious in the course of a classroom discussion about relationships and stereotypes related to age, the surface changes can not become part of the common vocabulary, for the obvious reason that there is still a vast gap between the screen image of this new woman and the ground reality. Social considerations define the limits of this assertiveness of women, whereas men are happy to be liberal within the larger frame of social sanctions. The educated urban woman in India speaks in favour of change and the educated urban male supports her, but one just needs to scratch the surface to see the time tested formulae of gender roles firmly in place. The way the urban woman happily balances this emerging promise of independence with her gendered social identity, makes it necessary to rethink some aspects of looking at gender in a gradually changing, traditional society like India. 2. “The Linguistic Dimension of Gender Equality”, Alissa Tolstokorova, Kiev Centre for Gender Information and Education, Ukraine. The subject-matter of this essay is gender justice in language which, as I argue, may be achieved through the development of a gender-related approach to linguistic human rights. The last decades of the 20th century, globally marked by a “gender shift” in attitudes to language policy, gave impetus to the social movement for promoting linguistic gender equality. It was initiated in Western Europe and nowadays is moving eastwards, as ideas of gender democracy progress into developing countries. But, while in western societies gender discrimination through language, or linguistic sexism, was an issue of concern for over three decades, in developing countries efforts to promote gender justice in language are only in their infancy. My argument is that to promote gender justice in language internationally it is necessary to acknowledge the rights of women and men to equal representation of their gender in language and speech and, therefore, raise a question of linguistic rights of the sexes. My understanding is that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights in 1996 provided this opportunity to address the problem of gender justice in language as a human rights issue, specifically as a gender dimension of linguistic human rights. 3. “The Rebirth of an Old Language: Issues of Gender Equality in Kazakhstan”, Maria Helena Guimarães, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. The existing language situation in Kazakhstan, while peaceful, is not without some tension. We propose to analyze here some questions we consider relevant in the frame of cultural globalization and gender equality, such as: free from Russian imperialism, could Kazakhstan become an easy prey of Turkey’s “imperialist dream”? Could these traditionally Muslim people be soon facing the end of religious tolerance and gender equality, becoming this new old language an easy instrument for the infiltration in the country of fundamentalism (it has already crossed the boarders of Uzbekistan), leading to a gradual deterioration of its rich multicultural relations? The present structure of the language is still very fragile: there are three main dialects and many academics defend the re-introduction of the Latin alphabet, thus enlarging the possibility of cultural “contamination” by making the transmission of fundamentalist ideas still easier through neighbour countries like Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (their languages belong to the same sub-group of Common Turkic), where the Latin alphabet is already in use, and where the ground for such ideas shown itself very fruitful. 4. “Construction of Womanhood in the Bengali Language of Bangladesh”, Raasheed Mahmood; University of New South Wales, Sydney. The present essay attempts to explore the role of gender-based language differences and of certain markers that reveal the status accorded to women in Bangladesh. Discrimination against women, in its various forms, is endemic in communities and countries around the world, cutting across class, race, age, and religious and national boundaries. One cannot understand the problems of gender discrimination solely by referring to the relationship of power or authority between men and women. Rather one needs to consider the problem by relating it to the specific social formation in which the image of masculinity and femininity is constructed and reconstructed. Following such line of reasoning this essay will examine the nature of gender bias in the Bengali language of Bangladesh, holding the conviction that as a product of social reality language reflects the socio-cultural behaviour of the community who speaks it. This essay will also attempt to shed some light on the processes through which gender based language differences produce actual consequences for women, who become exposed to low self-esteem, depression and systematic exclusion from public discourse. 5. “Marriage in China as an expression of a changing society”, Elisabetta Rosado David, University of Porto, Portugal, and Università Ca’Foscari, Venezia, Italy. In 29 April 2001, the new Marriage Law was promulgated in China. The first law on marriage was proclaimed in 1950 with the objective of freeing women from the feudal matrimonial system. With the second law, in 1981, values and conditions that had been distorted by the Cultural Revolution were recovered. Twenty years later, a new reform was started, intending to update marriage in the view of the social and cultural changes that occurred with Deng Xiaoping’s “open policy”. But the legal reform is only the starting point for this case-study. The rituals that are followed in the wedding ceremony are often hard to understand and very difficult to standardize, especially because China is a vast country, densely populated and characterized by several ethnic minorities. Two key words emerge from this issue: syncretism and continuity. On this basis, we can understand tradition in a better way, and analyse whether or not marriage, as every social manifestation, has evolved in harmony with Chinese culture. 6. “The Other Woman in the Portuguese Colonial Empire: The Case of Portuguese India”, Maria de Deus Manso, University of Évora, Portugal. This essay researches the social, cultural and symbolic history of local women in the Portuguese Indian colonial enclaves. The normative Portuguese overseas history has not paid any attention to the “indigenous” female populations in colonial Portuguese territories, albeit the large social importance of these social segments largely used in matrimonial and even catholic missionary strategies. The first attempt to open fresh windows in the history of this new field was the publication of Charles Boxer’s referential study about Women in lberian Overseas Expansion, edited in Portugal only after the Revolution of 1975. After this research we can only quote some other fragmentary efforts. In fact, research about the social, cultural, religious, political and symbolic situation of women in the Portuguese colonial territories, from the XVI to the XX century, is still a minor historiographic field. In this essay we discuss this problem and we study colonial representations of women in the Portuguese Indian enclaves, mainly in the territory of Goa, using case studies methodologies. 7. “Heading East this Time: Critical Readings on Gender in Southeast Asia”, Clara Sarmento, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. This essay intends to discuss some critical readings of fictional and theoretical texts on gender condition in Southeast Asian countries. Nowadays, many texts about women in Southeast Asia apply concepts of power in unusual areas. Traditional forms of gender hegemony have been replaced by other powerful, if somewhat more covert, forms. We will discuss some universal values concerning conventional female roles as well as the strategies used to recognize women in political fields traditionally characterized by male dominance. Female empowerment will mean different things at different times in history, as a result of culture, local geography and individual circumstances. Empowerment needs to be perceived as an individual attitude, but it also has to be facilitated at the macro­level by society and the State. Gender is very much at the heart of all these dynamics, strongly related to specificities of historical, cultural, ethnic and class situatedness, requiring an interdisciplinary transnational approach.

Determinação de autoanticorpos em doentes com suspeita de hepatite autoimune e cirrose biliar primária

O diagnóstico de doença hepática autoimune em doentes com patologia hepática implica a exclusão de outras causas de lesão hepática como vírica, alcoólica, tóxica, devido a alterações genéticas ou metabólicas, esteatose hepática não alcoólica e uma criteriosa avaliação de dados clínicos, bioquímicos, histológicos e colangiográficos especificas destas patologias (Invernizzi et al 2007) O diagnóstico e tratamento precoces destas patologias são fundamentais para a prevenção da alta morbilidade e mortalidade associada a estes doentes. O despiste de patologia hepática autoimune assenta na utilização de testes serológicos para a deteção de autoanticorpos associados a estas patologias. O conhecimento destes testes e a interpretação dos resultados obtidos revelam-se fundamentais para o diagnóstico ou exclusão destas doenças (Beuers 2005). Deste modo, foi objetivo deste trabalho a pesquisa e identificação de autoanticorpos em uso clínico: ANA, AMA, AML, ANCA, Anti-SLA/LP, anti-LKM, anti-LC1 e anti-actina F, em doentes com suspeita de HAI e CBP em que foi excluída causa vírica, alcoólica e tóxica. O trabalho incidiu particularmente na comparação dos resultados do perfil de autoanticorpos de pedidos feitos ao exterior com os resultados obtidos recorrendo à utilização de um novo kit de imunoblot, e assim determinar a relevância da introdução da pesquisa dos novos autoanticorpos e avaliar a relação custo/benefício da implementação do kit BlueDot liver da D-tek® na rotina laboratorial do serviço de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Pedro Hispano. Os resultados encontrados foram de 100% de concordância entre os métodos de imunofluorescência indireta e imunoblot, e Elisa e Imunoblot. Deste modo seria uma boa estratégia a implementação desta última técnica na rotina laboratorial uma vez que proporciona uma rápida disponibilização dos resultados para o clínico, antecipando desta forma o diagnóstico e o início rápido do tratamento em benefício do doente. Por outro lado, quando analisámos a relação custo/beneficio, seria vantajosa a implementação desta técnica uma vez que o laboratório dispõe de capacidade técnica, e o custo de aquisição do kit não excede o valor praticado atualmente correspondendo a uma poupança de 51%.

Abordagem ao risco de crédito no âmbito do acordo de Basileia III em Portugal

Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Mestre Adalmiro Álvaro Malheiro de Castro Andrade Pereira

Prostituição feminina de rua : escutar e atuar: papel do técnico d’O Ninho na intervenção com mulheres prostitutas

O Ninho é uma Associação que procura o conhecimento real do fenómeno prostituição, do próprio meio e dos seus agentes, bem como garantir qualidade na intervenção técnica e nas respostas sociais. Assim, o trabalho desenvolvido pelos técnicos objetiva responder aos problemas identificados pelas mulheres prostitutas e colmatar as lacunas nas respostas existentes no que concerne ao fenómeno social prostituição feminina de rua. Este estudo pretende ir ao encontro da maior preocupação associada a esta problemática e, mais especificamente, no caso da prostituição feminina de rua – a preocupação com a inserção social das mulheres. Para a elaboração do presente trabalho foram utilizadas estratégias metodológicas como a observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Da análise dos resultados verificamos que a prostituição agudiza os estereótipos, preconceitos e o estigma social que tanto marginaliza as mulheres prostituídas. Assim, todo o trabalho técnico realizado n’O Ninho visa promover a autonomia das mulheres, a aquisição de regras e hábitos de trabalho, o cumprimento e definição de objetivos e a posterior procura de emprego. - ABSTRACT O Ninho is an association that seeks the real knowledge of the phenomenon prostitution, of the environment and their agents, as well as ensure quality in technical intervention and social responses. Thus, the work done by the technicians aims to respond to the problems identified by the prostitutes and fill the gaps in the existing responses, concerning to the social phenomenon female prostitution of street. This study intends to respond to the main concern associated with this issue and, more specifically, in the case of female street prostitution – the concern with social inclusion of women. For the preparation of this work, as methodological strategies, we used the participant observation and semi-structured interviews. By the analysis of the results we found that prostitution exacerbates the stereotypes, prejudices and the social stigma that marginalize women forced into prostitution. Thus, all the technical work done at O Ninho aims to promote women's autonomy, rules and work habits acquisition, setting goals and subsequent job search.

A marcha: a influência do Gerador de Padrão Central

A marcha é influenciada por um conjunto de factores que resultam da interacção e organização própria de sistemas neurais e mecânicos, entre os quais, da dinâmica músculo-esquelética, da modulação pelos centros nervosos superiores, pela modulação aferente e é, também, assumida como sendo controlada pelo Gerador de Padrão Central (GPC), que se define como um programa central baseado num circuito espinal geneticamente determinado, capaz de produzir um ritmo associado a cada marcha. Apresenta-se como objectivo deste trabalho abordar quais os modelos explicativos para o funcionamento do GPC e qual a evidência científica, que continua a ter muitas divergências.

Espelhos da pobreza e da exclusão social em Ferreira de Castro e Miguel Torga

No presente artigo, analisaremos o modo como é descrita a miséria, a pobreza e a exclusão social, associadas sobretudo ao fenómeno da emigração, patentes nas obras Emigrantes, A Selva de Ferreira de Castro, e A Criação do Mundo de Miguel Torga. Atentaremos, por conseguinte, nas trajectórias empreendidas pelos protagonistas destas narrativas, sobretudo nas viagens empreendidas, mas também nas personagens anónimas, na “gente da terceira classe” metaforizada em “rebanho”, que parte na demanda dum Eldorado rapidamente desmitificado. Além disso, será igualmente focado o cruzamento entre a realidade e a ficção, a experiência e a imaginação, visto que estas representações da pobreza e da exclusão social, impregnadas de humanismo, se enraízam nas vivências dos autores – pois ambos emigraram para o Brasil, sozinhos, no início da adolescência. Posteriormente, esses acontecimentos, vividos e sentidos, foram retratados e ficcionalizados nas obras literárias supramencionadas.