Pruning methods to MLP neural networks considering proportional apparent error rate for classification problems with unbalanced data

This article deals with classification problems involving unequal probabilities in each class and discusses metrics to systems that use multilayer perceptrons neural networks (MLP) for the task of classifying new patterns. In addition we propose three new pruning methods that were compared to other seven existing methods in the literature for MLP networks. All pruning algorithms presented in this paper have been modified by the authors to do pruning of neurons, in order to produce fully connected MLP networks but being small in its intermediary layer. Experiments were carried out involving the E. coli unbalanced classification problem and ten pruning methods. The proposed methods had obtained good results, actually, better results than another pruning methods previously defined at the MLP neural network area. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modelling the maximum potential of nitrogen deposition and requirements of lysine for broilers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Missing transverse energy performance of the CMS detector

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Facebook e Twitter Todateen: fortalecimento da identidade de uma marca já consolidada na mídia impressa

The society went through several transformations, especially technological. With the democratization of the Internet and social media, forms of relationships have turned up in between brand and consumer. Thus, marketing availed human characteristics in order to meet and interact with the consumer. So many print magazines have created profiles on Facebook and Twitter with the primary intent of disseminating original content and become a channel of dialogue with the reader. This research aims to reflect on the role of journalist as brand managers and social media acting as a magazine brand strength ening strategy. The research will examine the Todateen magazine, teen magazine focused on class C, and their profiles from Facebook and Twitter as a way to expand the relationship with the reader, to humanize the brand and strengthen the identity of the magazine. The methodologies used are exploratory and analytical to, first, discuss the issues: magazine journalism, media convergence, web journalism, social media, corporate communications, branding and marketing, and then analyze the Todateen case, describing the print media, the website, Twitter and Facebook

Determinação de adenosina deaminase, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa e interleucina-1 em gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia

Preeclampsia is a specific disorder of pregnancy, characterized by arterial hypertension and proteinuria detected after 20 weeks of gestation. This pathology is associated with hyperuricemia, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced leukocyte activation and oxidative stress. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme present in all human tissues and, it is involved with the maturation of the immune system. Although its function is not fully understood, ADA is considered an indicator of cellular inflammation and, its increased serum concentration is observed in inflammatory diseases, such as tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to assess serum ADA levels in preeclamptic patients (PE) compared with normotensive pregnant (NT) and non-pregnant women (NP), and to correlate these values with TNF-α and IL-1β production. Ninety pregnant women were included: 60 were pre-eclamptic and 30 were normotensive matched for gestational age. As control group 20 healthy non-pregnant women matched with pregnant for age were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMMC) obtained from the three groups studied were cultured with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 18h at 37oC, and TNF-α and IL-1β production was assessed in the supernatant of cultures by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). ADA plasmatic concentration was determined by colorimetric method. The results show that ADA plasma levels were significantly higher in PE group compared with NT and NP groups. A positive correlation between ADA and uric acid levels was detected in preeclamptic women. There was no significant difference in relation to ADA levels when PE patients were classified in early and late-onset PE. The endogenous production of IL-1β and TNF-α by PBMC was significantly higher in PE group than in NT and NP women, showing the activation state of these cells in PE. LPS induced...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeito da silibinina sobre o fator de transcrição nuclear-kB e produção de citocinas inflamatórias por células mononucleares de gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complication of human pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Its incidence varies from 5% to 7% of pregnancies and is a major cause of morbidity and maternal and fetal mortality. This is a multisystemic disease, with focus on vascular dysfunction and is closely related to the exacerbated activation of the immune system. In addition to increased activation of monocytes and granulocytes, there is an elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines in pregnant women with PE. The nuclear transcription factor-kB (NF-kB) is present in the cells of the immune system and is responsible for transcription of genes related to inflammation. Whereas the PE is associated with intense inflammatory response, the use of substances modulating the activity of NF-kB factor could be useful in alleviating the inflammation present in these patients. Silibinin is the main component of silymarin, a polyphenolic extract obtained from fruits and seeds of Sylibum marianum with potent hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. The silibinin mechanism of action includes the ability to inhibit NF-kB activation and, consequently, its migration to the nucleus. The objective of this study was to assess whether silibinin modulates the activity of NF-kB and the production of inflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells of patients with PE. We evaluated 34 pregnant women with PE, 20 normotensive pregnant women (GN) and 15 non-pregnant women (NG). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from those groups of women and cultured in the presence or absence of silibinin (5 uM or 50 uM) and stimulated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 18 h to obtain supernatant for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β) by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The cells were...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Produção de cerveja, utilizando méis de diferentes origens botânicas como adjuntos

This study aimed to produce beer, using different botanical origins of honeys (orange, eucalyptus and wild), as malt adjuncts, and their Physical-chemical and sensorial characterizations. The production was made with malt, water, hops and honey. All musts were adjusted to 12 Brix, and the concentration of honey in the formulation was 45% (based on the extract), except for the control (0%). The physical and chemical analysis were performed on malt (extract content), honey (pH, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, color, turbidity, extract content, moisture content, reducing sugar, total reducing sugar and sucrose) in wort (content extract, pH, color, turbidity, fermentability ,bitterness and total acidity) and beer apparent extract, apparent fermentability, real extract, real fermentability, alcohol content, pH, total acidity, total foam, foam density , bitterness, carbon dioxide, color and turbidity). Sensory analysis was performed by nine-points hedonic scale testing. The attributes evaluated were appearance, aroma, flavor and overall. The results were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by Tukey testing at a 5% of probability. Beer with honey as adjuncts’ had high fermentability and low content of fat, compared to the pure malt beer. The addition of honey as an adjunct did not affect the majority of the physical-chemical parameters, except for turbidity, whereas beer with honey showed the highest value for this feature, in addition, it has also presented their biterness differences the values for beer with honey were lower. The different types of honeys did not affect the acceptability of beer, however, the beer with honey showed greater acceptance between beer with malt and honey

Sinantropia e sazonalidade de moscas varejeiras (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Sudeste do Brasil: visões ecológica, médica, veterinária e forense

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a ocorrência das principais espécies de moscas da família Calliphoridae em diferentes ambientes (urbano, rural e silvestre) do município de Botucatu, SP. Para tanto, foram usadas armadilhas apropriadas e iscas, substituídas diariamente, distribuídas em cada local de coleta mensalmente durante aproximadamente o período de um ano. Foram coletados um total de 3188 espécimes. Análises estatísticas e testes de correlação também foram usados para medir a relação das espécies com os fatores ambientais, locais, preferência e atratividade por iscas e as relações e interações ecológicas entre as diferentes espécies

Criação de novo procedimento de engenharia que possibilite a rastreabilidade das tubulações de uma indústria química

The number of piping in an industry is high. Through this piping are conducted several kind of products at several temperature and pressure conditions. In a chemical company, the piping quantity conducting harmful chemical products to human health and to the environment is higher. Nowadays the theme sustainability is often mentioned and harm to environment may cause irreversible damage to the human being, to the fauna, to the flora and to company´s credibility. In this context, controlling over the piping to avoid accidents is mandatory. The objective of this monograph is to create a procedure which enables the chemical companies piping traceability. This monograph analyses the several existent traceability system in the three economy sectors and approaches the technical question of industrial piping in order to create a procedure that achieves its objectives as a technical document and at the same time be economically feasible, with low complexibility level and high practicability. Some possibilities to elaborate this procedure had been studied, as the creation of an alphanumeric code and making with a chisel in the pipeline based on ASTM F2897 and the use of chips to store the information. However, the procedure which best meet the requirement as low cost and high applicability is filling out an electronic plan with information about welding process, welding certification, welding consumables and inspections

Mamíferos de Médio e Grande Porte de Uma RPPN No Município de Jaú, Estado de São Paulo

The medium to large-sized mammals make population control of invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as seed dispersers are also important. Are losing territory and living area because of deforestation and fragmentation of natural areas, mainly in the Atlantic Forest. The RPPN Amadeu Botelho, in the municipality of Jaú, São Paulo State, is one of the last forest remnants of interior paulista. It is isolated from other forest fragments and thus is a wildlife refuge in the region of Jaú, Midwest of the State. Animals as Pumas (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), cat-Moorish (Puma yagouaroundi), have already been sighted in the reserve by officials and residents. The buffer property of the farm Santo Antônio dos Ipês, is surrounded by several plantations, and is very close to the Centre of the city of Jaú. In addition to the lifting of the reservation, it sized mammal species diagnosed the influences that the activities of the farm and the proximity to the Centre of the municipality of Jaú exert to fauna studied

Estudo da deformação heterogênea no ensaio do anel de atrito

The plastic deformation is widely used in the metallurgical market due to its positive factors such as low prices and high speed production. Forming process products are obtained in high quality, both surface quality and mechanical properties. Friction is an importante factor in metal forming. Friction study in metal forming can be accomplished indirectly, such as the ring test of friction. Two samples of different materials being mild steel and copper alloy were used. The results showed the influence of friction in the flow behavior of the deformation of the second phase, as evidenced by standard metallography. It is observed that in the outer regions of the ring, plastic deformation occured in the radial direction. In the central region of the disc deformation occured in the direction of compression and the inner region of the ring flux lines showed a significant deformation in the radial direction towards the center of the ring

Datação por U-Pb em rutilos de rochas de metamorfismo de alta pressão do grupo Araxá na região de São Sebastião do Paraíso - MG

Although several studies of Araxá Group in the region of Passos, just a few works deal with the age of metamorphism of this group. The current work aims to determine the cooling age of these rocks by in situ U-Pb dating in rutiles. Interestingly, the region of São Sebastião do Paraíso shows a condensed lithostratigraphic column from the Passos Nappe and exposes the higher metamorphic grade rocks described for this unit. The use of rutile as a geochronometer is based on its ability to incorporate U in its structure, facilitating the calculation of the age of the isotope ratio by U-Pb. Furthermore, the use of in situ dating technique with Laser Ablation has been a reliable and advantageous study because the analysis are punctual, and do not destroy the whole sample to be analyzed. The analyses of this work were made at the University of Gothenburg - Sweden and obtained 238U/206Pb ages between 608-566 ± 10 Ma and 235U/207Pb between 627-572 ± 10 Ma, showing that these ages are concordant with the literature in the area and are interpreted as the cooling age of metamorphism

Relações públicas governamentais e marketing político: um estudo sobre a campanha de aniversário de Botucatu

Public organizations today ar constantly developing relationship strategies with audiences in search of acceptance before the public. The objective of this wor is to present strategies of Governmental Public Relations and Political Marketing that can be implemented by communication professionals in government. Therefore, duscysses principles and instruments of the objects mentioned, conducting study on actions taken by the Municipality of Botucatu city during the anniversary year of 2012, with na emphasis on the social event, Food Court Solidarity. The instruments studied contribute to the strengthening of relations between government and citizens, while complying with its commitments under its plan, meeting the demands of the population

Produção de vetores recombinantes para expressão de diferentes formas da proteína K1 do herpesvírus associado ao Sarcoma de Kaposi (KSHV)

Kaposi´s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a gammaherpesvirus essential for the development of all forms of Kaposi´s sarcoma (KS). The KSHV’s life cycle is basically divided into latent and lytic phases, which have distinct viral gene expression profiles. Some important oncogenic products of KSHV are expressed during the lytic phase, including the viral K1 protein. As an effect of interfer-ence with intracellular signaling, K1 expression increases proliferation and survival of KSHV-infected cells. Due to its high level of genetic variability compared to other re-gions of the viral genome, the K1-encoding ORF (ORF-K1) is commonly evaluated for KSHV genotyping. It remains unclear whether different viral genotypes have particular biological effects that might modify the KSHV oncogenicity. The present study aimed to contribute to the establishment of an experimental in vitro model for evaluation of the K1 protein from common KSHV genotypes. Recombinant expression vectors with the ORF-K1 from KSHV genotypes A, B and C were prepared by genetic cloning. The recombi-nant vectors pKSHVOK1 obtained by cloning were sequenced for structural validation. After that, HEK293 cell line was transfected with the recombinant vectors, and proteins were extracted for expression analysis by Western blot technique, for K1 functional vali-dation. Results showed that ORF-K1 vectors containing KSHV ORF-K1 from the A, B and C genotypes were produced and structurally validated by DNA sequencing. The K1 expression at the protein level was also confirmed by immunoblots using an antibody for FLAG detection, an epitope from the vector that binds to K1. Based on presented re-sults, it´s possible to conclude that the recombinant vectors will be able to be used in future studies of K1 protein biological properties from distinct KSHV genotypes

O insumo linguístico oral em aulas de inglês como língua estrangeira para crianças: a fala do professor em foco

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)