1000 resultados para Economia da regulação
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Incluye bibliografía.
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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The Agroindustrial System coffee after decades of state regulation has become a decentralized economic activity. This situation compelled most of the actors in the production chain to resort to self r egulatory systems offered by certification agencies, which have specific criteria and procedures. However the diversity criteria of the agencies do not offer resources able to ensure efficient management of the governance structure. There is a need to reduce the asymmetry of information, which is possible through the sharing of data compatible with the production tracking feature. This work is supported in this contextualized problem, based on Transaction Cost Theory and the use of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The first part of the work seeks to know the procedures required by leading regulatory agencies in Brazil, with perspective to emphasize the similarities and compatibilities between them, which was reached after analysis of standards and comparison of similarities. Next is registered the operation and the coffee traceability of the structure, in order to identify, through observation, documental and bibliographical analysis, the systems in place and traceable information in line with the recommendations of the coffee certification. Finally, he sought to create a labeling model that allows to generate and share information about the product from the field to the sale for consumption. The information obtained in the previous steps were the basis for data collection with the production chain agents through a structured questionnaire administered to 618 agents of the production chain, whose answers were treated by multivariate methods of statistical analysis. The results showed that actors in the chain are in favor of inclusion and sharing information related to rural production and economic and environmental data. This knowledge enabled develop a labeling model where the information sharing agents is an efficient mechanism to mitigate the governance problems identified.
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Coffee is one of the most valuable exported agricultural product worldwide as well as the second most traded commodity after oil. This crop represents a source of employment and considerably accounts for the revenue of the country, besides its undeniable importance for local and world socioeconomical scenery. The quality of the coffee drink is directly related to the fruit ripening stage, which is found in different stages at harvesting due to the sequential flowering, increasing costs with the production and generating a lower-quality beverage. The asynchronous flowering of the coffee tree comes from the uneven development of buds, which can be influenced by environmental factors, taking into account that the anthesis takes place after a water deficit period, followed by precipitation. Changes in the hormone balance have been observed after water deficit and rehydration cycles, and such oscillation on the water status of the plant increased the level of ethylene in some species. This finding led to the association between the requirements at the flowering stage of the coffee tree and the involvement of the ethylene in promoting anthesis. The application of 1- MCP (ethylene action inhibitor) triggered the anthesis in coffee trees. And, in coffee seedlings in greenhouse conditions after a period of water shortage followed by irrigation, the profile of gene expression of the biosynthesis route and signaling of ethylene are changed in leaves and roots. The increased levels of the ethylene precursor (ACC) in roots throughout the dry season and the transportation of this compound into shoots may be the signal to trigger the anthesis in coffee tree after rehydration. Thus, in order to better understand the role of the ethylene in regulation of flowering, we analyzed the effects of the exogenous application of 1-MCP in different physiological characteristics and in the expression of genes related to the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in coffee leaves and bud from plants under field conditions. The evaluations and tissue sampling were carried out in different times treatments implementation: T1 – control, T2 – 1-MCP+Break-Thru, and T3 – Break-Thru. There was influence of 1-MCP and Break-Thru in gas exchange parameters and of 1-MCP contributed to the increase in relative water content. RT-qPCR analyses showed a different behavior in relation to the profile of gene expression in leaves and buds analyzed in the present study (CaACS1 – like, CaACO1 – like, CaACO4 – like, CaETR4 – like) and the expression levels were changed a few hours (2h) after applying the products. However, there was flowering only in plants treated with 1-MCP, in the absence of rain and irrigation.
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As interrelações entre Estado e economia cobrem diversas áreas de interesse e são de uma variedade tal que desafiam os analistas de diversas disciplinas em qualquer país. O Brasil vem há quase duas décadas implementando reformas institucionais de cunho econômico, político, social, jurídico e administrativo, com reflexos inegavelmente positivos na atividade econômica, na área social e no exercício da cidadania. Nesse período, o país avançou no aprofundamento do regime democrático, reformou instituições e tem conseguido com êxito traçar uma trajetória que separa um modelo de desenvolvimento voltado para dentro, com pouca preocupação com a eficiência e fortemente intervencionista, para outro. Este, mais aberto, onde o papel do Estado é menos o de produtor direto de bens e serviços e mais o de provedor de serviços básicos para a população e regulador da atividade econômica. O ajuste fiscal realizado no Brasil depois da crise do final da década passada foi baseado no aumento das receitas do governo, tanto de impostos quanto das chamadas contribuições. As reformas são necessárias para responder e superar o descompasso entre os requisitos do crescimento e do desenvolvimento — sumariamente a oferta de serviços educacionais de boa qualidade, eficientes serviços de saúde críticos para a população mais pobre, construção da infraestrutura física e atividades de proteção da população mais vulnerável econômica e socialmente — e a capacidade do setor público financiar-se para executar essas missões. Todavia, é importante que esse financiamento se faça sem criar distorções ou desestímulo para as atividades privadas, sob o risco de diminuir a eficácia em relação ao crescimento desejado. Entre as distorções figuram, com destaque: um nível excessivo de gastos de consumo corrente, que gera a necessidade de uma carga tributária muito elevada; um sistema tributário com impostos em cascata e/ou tendentes a distorcer uma alocação mais eficiente de recursos; e uma estrutura de gastos ineficiente, que privilegia atividades com pouca repercussão sobre o que se deseja aperfeiçoar.