Hemodynamic mechanisms of the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise in healthy subjects

To determine the hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after exercise, 26 healthy sedentary individuals (age 29 ± 8 years) underwent the Stroop color-word test before and 60 min after a bout of maximal dynamic exercise on a treadmill. A subgroup (N = 11) underwent a time-control experiment without exercise. Blood pressure was continuously and noninvasively recorded by infrared finger photoplethysmography. Stroke volume was derived from pressure signals, and cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Perceived mental stress scores were comparable between mental stress tests both in the exercise (P = 0.96) and control (P = 0.24) experiments. After exercise, the blood pressure response to mental stress was attenuated (pre: 10 ± 13 vs post: 6 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.01) along with lower values of systolic blood pressure (pre: 129 ± 3 vs post: 125 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), stroke volume (pre: 89.4 ± 3.5 vs post: 76.8 ± 3.8 mL; P < 0.05), and cardiac output (pre: 7.00 ± 0.30 vs post: 6.51 ± 0.36 L/min; P < 0.05). Except for heart rate, the hemodynamic responses and the mean values during the two mental stress tests in the control experiment were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise attenuates the blood pressure response to mental stress in healthy subjects, along with lower stroke volume and cardiac output, denoting an acute modulatory action of exercise on the central hemodynamic response to mental stress.

Determining vehicle drivetrain dynamics using system identification

Target of this book is to propose an approach for modelling drivetrain dynamics in order to design further a vibration control system of a hybrid bus. In this thesis two approaches are examined and compared. First model is obtained by theoretical means: drivetrain is represented as a system of rotating masses, which motion is described with differential equations. Second model is obtained using system identification method: mathematical description of the dynamic behavior of a system is formed based on measured input (torque) and output (speed) data. Then two models are compared and an optimal approach is suggested.

A speculative systems model of the dynamic interaction among students, faculty and administration in the community college, with particular reference to intrinsic motivation and the teacher-administrator interface

The challenge the community college faces in helping meet the needs of the living open system of society is examined in this study. It is postulated that internalization student outcomes are required by society to reduce entropy and remain self-renewing. Such behavior is characterized as having an intrinsically motivated energy source and displays the seeking and conquering of challenge, the development of reflective knowledge and skill, full use of all capabilities, internal control, growth orientation, high self-esteem, relativistic thinking and competence. The development of a conceptual systems model that suggests how transactions among students, faculty and administration might occur to best meet the needs of internalization outcomes in students, and intrinsic motivation in faculty is a major purpose of this study. It is a speculative model that is based on a synthesis of a wide variety of variables. Empirical evidence, theoretical considerations, and speculative ideas are gathered together from researchers and theoretici.ans who are working on separate answers to questions of intrinsic motivation, internal control and environments that encourage their development. The model considers the effect administrators·have on faculty anq the corresponding effect faculty may have on students. The major concentration is on the administrator--teacher interface.For administrators the model may serve as a guide in planning effective transactions, and establishing system goals. The teacher is offered a means to coordinate actions toward a specific overall objective, and the administrator, teacher and researcher are invited to use the model to experiment, innovate, verify the assumptions on which the model is based, and raise additional hypotheses. Goals and history of the community colleges in Ontario are examined against current problems, previous progress and open system thinking. The nature of the person as a five part system is explored with emphasis on intrinsic motivation. The nature, operation, conceptualization, and value of this internal energy source is reviewed in detail. The current state of society, education and management theory are considered and the value of intrinsically motivating teaching tasks together with "system four" leadership style are featured. Evidence is reviewed that suggests intrinsically motivated faculty are needed, and "system four" leadership style is the kind of interaction-influence system needed to nurture intrinsic motivation in faculty.

Investigating a dynamic modular framework for subjective well-being

According to Diener (1984), the three primary components of subjective well-being (SWB) are high life satisfaction (LS), frequent positive affect (P A), and infrequent negative affect (NA). The present dissertation extends previous research and theorizing on SWB by testing an innovative framework developed by Shmotkin (2005) in which SWB is conceptualized as an agentic process that promotes and maintains positive functioning. Two key components ofShmotkin's framework were explored in a longitudinal study of university students. In Part 1, SWB was examined as an integrated system of components organized within individuals. Using cluster analysis, five distinct configurations of LS, P A, and NA were identified at each wave. Individuals' SWB configurations were moderately stable over time, with the highest and lowest stabilities observed among participants characterized by "high SWB" and "low SWB" configurations, respectively. Changes in SWB configurations in the direction of a high SWB pattern, and stability among participants already characterized by high SWB, coincided with better than expected mental, physical, and interpersonal functioning over time. More positive levels of functioning and improvements in functioning over time discriminated among SWB configurations. However, prospective effects of SWB configurations on subsequent functioning were not observed. In Part 2, subjective temporal perspective "trajectories" were examined based on individuals' ratings of their past, present, and anticipated future LS. Upward subjective LS trajectories were normative at each wave. Cross-sectional analyses revealed consistent associations between upward subjective trajectories and lower levels of LS, as well as less positive mental, physical, and interpersonal functioning. Upward subjective LS trajectories were biased both with respect to underestimation of past LS and overestimation of future LS, demonstrating their illusional nature. Further, whereas more negative retrospective bias was associated with greater current distress and dysfunction, more positive prospective bias was associated with less positive functioning in the future. Prospective relations, however, were not consistently observed. Thus, steep upward subjective LS trajectory appeared to be a form of wishful-thinking, rather than an adaptive form of selfenhancement. Major limitations and important directions for future research are considered. Implications for Shmotkin's (2005) framework, and for research on SWB more generally, also are discussed

Genetic programming for the RoboCup Rescue Simulation System

The Robocup Rescue Simulation System (RCRSS) is a dynamic system of multi-agent interaction, simulating a large-scale urban disaster scenario. Teams of rescue agents are charged with the tasks of minimizing civilian casualties and infrastructure damage while competing against limitations on time, communication, and awareness. This thesis provides the first known attempt of applying Genetic Programming (GP) to the development of behaviours necessary to perform well in the RCRSS. Specifically, this thesis studies the suitability of GP to evolve the operational behaviours required of each type of rescue agent in the RCRSS. The system developed is evaluated in terms of the consistency with which expected solutions are the target of convergence as well as by comparison to previous competition results. The results indicate that GP is capable of converging to some forms of expected behaviour, but that additional evolution in strategizing behaviours must be performed in order to become competitive. An enhancement to the standard GP algorithm is proposed which is shown to simplify the initial search space allowing evolution to occur much quicker. In addition, two forms of population are employed and compared in terms of their apparent effects on the evolution of control structures for intelligent rescue agents. The first is a single population in which each individual is comprised of three distinct trees for the respective control of three types of agents, the second is a set of three co-evolving subpopulations one for each type of agent. Multiple populations of cooperating individuals appear to achieve higher proficiencies in training, but testing on unseen instances raises the issue of overfitting.

An Interactive Theorem Prover for First-Order Dynamic Logic

Dynamic logic is an extension of modal logic originally intended for reasoning about computer programs. The method of proving correctness of properties of a computer program using the well-known Hoare Logic can be implemented by utilizing the robustness of dynamic logic. For a very broad range of languages and applications in program veri cation, a theorem prover named KIV (Karlsruhe Interactive Veri er) Theorem Prover has already been developed. But a high degree of automation and its complexity make it di cult to use it for educational purposes. My research work is motivated towards the design and implementation of a similar interactive theorem prover with educational use as its main design criteria. As the key purpose of this system is to serve as an educational tool, it is a self-explanatory system that explains every step of creating a derivation, i.e., proving a theorem. This deductive system is implemented in the platform-independent programming language Java. In addition, a very popular combination of a lexical analyzer generator, JFlex, and the parser generator BYacc/J for parsing formulas and programs has been used.

A Systematic Framework for Analyzing the Dynamic Effects of Permanent and Transitory Shocks.

This paper proposes a systematic framework for analyzing the dynamic effects of permanent and transitory shocks on a system of \"n\" economic variables.

A Systematic Framework for Analyzing the Dynamic Effects of Permanent and Transitory Shocks.

This paper proposes a systematic framework for analyzing the dynamic effects of permanent and transitory shocks on a system of n economic variables.

L’agrément : un agent moteur de développement des capacités, d’apprentissage collectif et de socialisation. Une étude de cas en profondeur dans un hôpital privé saoudien

Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment et dans quelle mesure l’agrément des établissements de santé est-il efficace pour développer les capacités des acteurs, nécessaires pour améliorer la qualité des soins et des services. Au cours des dix dernières années, il y a eu une croissance rapide, à l'échelle mondiale de la mise en œuvre de programmes d'agrément en santé pour l’amélioration de la qualité. L'expérience de la dernière décennie prouve que l'agrément est une technique valable pour l'amélioration de la qualité dans beaucoup d’organismes de santé. Il est également utilisé pour soutenir les réformes en santé. Malgré cela, les outils de gestion comme l’agrément sont souvent critiqués, car elles sont adoptées avec enthousiasme négligeant fréquemment une implantation favorisant la mise en place de comportements durables et la démonstration de meilleurs résultats. Le développement des capacités (DC) est un processus délibéré, multidimensionnel, dynamique dont le but est d’améliorer la performance des individus, des équipes, de l’organisation et d’un système. Le DC constitue une des trois assises de l’implantation d’une démarche institutionnalisée de la qualité, au même niveau que la communication et la reconnaissance. Cette recherche c’est déroulée dans un organisme d’Arabie Saoudite dans le cadre de leur première démarche avec le Conseil canadien d’agrément (CCASS) des services de santé. Une étude de cas unique d’implantation de l’agrément a été menée utilisant une approche mixte. Quatre niveaux d’analyse ont été étudiés en détail (individu, équipe, organisation et système) afin de mesurer 28 effets escomptés du DC puisés dans la littérature. Des entretiens semi-structurés, des groupes de discussion, une revue de la documentation ont été réalisés. Dans le but de mesurer trois des effets escomptés, un questionnaire sur le niveau d’implantation de la qualité (NIQ) a été administré pour la première fois en Arabie Saoudite dans cinq organismes. La performance du cas a été évaluée en relation avec les autres et en fonction de son positionnement dans le cycle d’agrément. Des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives utilisant la technique de polissage par la médiane ont été exécutées. Au niveau des individus, l’agrément a motivé la participation à de nouvelles formations. L’auto-évaluation est l’étape qui encourage l’apprentissage par l’autocritique. Le sentiment de fierté est le changement affectif le plus souvent répertorié. Les équipes ont amélioré leur communication par l’implantation d’une « chaîne de commandement ». Elle a introduit des notions de respect et de clarté des rôles telles qu’exigées par les normes. Au moyen de la mesure du NIQ, nous avons constaté que la majorité des organismes saoudiens se positionnent au niveau minimal d’implantation (assurance qualité). Le plus expérimenté avec l’agrément démontre les meilleurs résultats tout près du second niveau. Enfin, plus les organismes progressent dans la démarche d’agrément, plus les écarts de perception entre les 8 domaines mesurés par le questionnaire du NIQ et entre les différentes catégories d’emploi s’amincissent. En conclusion, l’agrément a démontré de l’efficacité à développer de nouvelles capacités par l’intégration des transformations des individus et par l’impact de l’acquisition des nouvelles capacités sur le changement des pratiques, majoritairement au niveau des individus, des équipes et de l’organisation. Le processus d’agrément a également fait preuve d’importants pouvoirs de convergence au niveau de l’adoption des pratiques édictées par les normes d’agrément qui contribuent positivement à l’amélioration de la qualité.

L’agence en oncologie de l’Ontario : actifs organisationnels et professionnels à l’amélioration des soins et des services

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’amélioration des soins et des services de santé et touche aux relations entre 3 grands thèmes de l’analyse des organisations de santé : la gouvernance, le changement et les pratiques professionnelles. En nous appuyant sur l’analyse organisationnelle contemporaine, nous visons à mieux comprendre l’interface entre l’organisation et les pratiques cliniques. D’une part, nous souhaitons mieux comprendre comment l’organisation structure et potentialise les pratiques des acteurs. D’autre part, dans une perspective d’acteurs stratégiques, nous souhaitons mieux comprendre le rôle des pratiques des professionnels dans l’actualisation de leur profession et dans la transformation et l’évolution des organisations. Notre étude se fonde sur l’hypothèse qu’une synergie accrue entre l’organisation et les pratiques des professionnels favorisent l’amélioration de la qualité des soins et des services de santé. En 2004, le gouvernement ontarien entreprend une importante réforme des soins et services dans le domaine du cancer et revoit les rôles et mandats du Cancer Care Ontario, l’organisation responsable du développement des orientations stratégiques et du financement des services en cancer dans la province. Cette réforme appelle de nombreux changements organisationnels et cliniques et vise à améliorer la qualité des soins et des services dans le domaine de l’oncologie. C’est dans le cadre de cette réforme que nous avons analysé l’implantation d’un système de soins et de services pour améliorer la performance et la qualité et analysé le rôle des pratiques professionnelles, spécifiquement les pratiques infirmières, dans la transformation de ce système. La stratégie de recherche utilisée correspond à l’étude approfondie d’un cas correspondant à l’agence de soins et de services en oncologie en Ontario, le Cancer Care Ontario, et des pratiques professionnelles infirmières évoluant dans ce modèle. Le choix délibéré de ce cas repose sur les modalités organisationnelles spécifiques à l’Ontario en termes de soins en oncologie. La collecte de données repose sur 3 sources principales : les entrevues semi-structurées (n=25), l’analyse d’une abondante documentation et les observations non participatives. La thèse s’articule autour de trois articles. Le premier article vise à définir le concept de gouvernance clinique. Nous présentons l’origine du concept et définissons ses principales composantes. Concept aux frontières floues, la gouvernance clinique est axée sur le développement d’initiatives cliniques et organisationnelles visant à améliorer la qualité des soins de santé et la sécurité des patients. L’analyse de la littérature scientifique démontre la prédominance d’une vision statique de la gouvernance clinique et d’un contrôle accentué des pratiques professionnelles dans l’atteinte de l’efficience et de l’excellence dans les soins et les services. Notre article offre une conception plus dynamique de la gouvernance clinique qui tient compte de la synergie entre le contexte organisationnel et les pratiques des professionnels et soulève les enjeux reliés à son implantation. Le second article s’intéresse à l’ensemble des leviers mobilisés pour institutionnaliser les principes d’amélioration continue de la qualité dans les systèmes de santé. Nous avons analysé le rôle et la portée des leviers dans l’évolution du système de soins en oncologie en Ontario et dans la transformation des pratiques cliniques. Nos données empiriques révèlent 3 phases et de nombreuses étapes dans la transformation du système. Les acteurs en position d’autorité ont mobilisé un ensemble de leviers pour introduire des changements. Notre étude révèle que la transformation du Cancer Care Ontario est le reflet d’un changement radical de type évolutif où chacune des phases est une période charnière dans la transformation du système et l’implantation d’initiatives de qualité. Le troisième article pose un regard sur un levier spécifique de transformation, celui de la communauté de pratique, afin de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par les pratiques professionnelles dans la transformation de l’organisation des soins et ultimement dans le positionnement stratégique de la profession infirmière. Nous avons analysé les pratiques infirmières au sein de la communauté de pratique (CDP) des infirmières en pratique avancée en oncologie. En nous appuyant sur la théorie de la stratégie en tant que pratique sociale, nos résultats indiquent que l’investissement de la profession dans des domaines stratégiques augmente les capacités des infirmières à transformer leurs pratiques et à transformer l’organisation. Nos résultats soulignent le rôle déterminant du contexte dans le développement de capacités stratégiques chez les professionnels. Enfin, nos résultats révèlent 3 stratégies émergentes des pratiques des infirmières : une stratégie de développement de la pratique infirmière en oncologie, une stratégie d’institutionnalisation des politiques de la CDP dans le système en oncologie et une stratégie de positionnement de la profession infirmière. Les résultats de notre étude démontrent que l’amélioration de la qualité des soins et des services de santé est située. L’implantation de transformations dans l’ensemble d’un système, tel que celui du cancer en Ontario, est tributaire d’une part, des capacités d’action des acteurs en position d’autorité qui mobilisent un ensemble de leviers pour introduire des changements et d’autre part, de la capacité des acteurs à la base de l’organisation à s’approprier les leviers pour développer un projet professionnel, améliorer leurs pratiques professionnelles et transformer le système de soins.

Did Gold Remain Relevant in the Post-1971 International Monetary System?

The central hypothesis to be tested is the relevance of gold in the determination of the value of the US dollar as an international reserve currency after 1971. In the first section the market value of the US dollar is analysed by looking at new forms of value (financial derivative products), the dollar as a safe haven, the choice of a standard of value and the role of SDRs in reforming the international monetary system. Based on dimensional analysis, the second section analyses the definition and meaning of a numéraire for international currency and the justification for a variable standard of value based on a commodity (gold). The second section is the theoretical foundation for the empirical and econometric analysis in the third and fourth sections. The third section is devoted to the specification of an econometric model and a graphical analysis of the data. It is clear that an inverse relation exists between the value of the US dollar and the price of gold. The fourth section shows the estimations of the different specifications of the model including linear regression and cointegration analysis. The most important econometric result is that the null hypothesis is rejected in favour of a significant link between the price of gold and the value of the US dollar. There is also a positive relationship between gold price and inflation. An inverse statistically significant relation between gold price and monetary policy is shown by applying a dynamic model of cointegration with lags.

A Beacon based Localization System for Autonomous Mobile Robots and its Applications in Traffic and Transport Control

ACCURATE sensing of vehicle position and attitude is still a very challenging problem in many mobile robot applications. The mobile robot vehicle applications must have some means of estimating where they are and in which direction they are heading. Many existing indoor positioning systems are limited in workspace and robustness because they require clear lines-of-sight or do not provide absolute, driftfree measurements.The research work presented in this dissertation provides a new approach to position and attitude sensing system designed specifically to meet the challenges of operation in a realistic, cluttered indoor environment, such as that of an office building, hospital, industrial or warehouse. This is accomplished by an innovative assembly of infrared LED source that restricts the spreading of the light intensity distribution confined to a sheet of light and is encoded with localization and traffic information. This Digital Infrared Sheet of Light Beacon (DISLiB) developed for mobile robot is a high resolution absolute localization system which is simple, fast, accurate and robust, without much of computational burden or significant processing. Most of the available beacon's performance in corridors and narrow passages are not satisfactory, whereas the performance of DISLiB is very encouraging in such situations. This research overcomes most of the inherent limitations of existing systems.The work further examines the odometric localization errors caused by over count readings of an optical encoder based odometric system in a mobile robot due to wheel-slippage and terrain irregularities. A simple and efficient method is investigated and realized using an FPGA for reducing the errors. The detection and correction is based on redundant encoder measurements. The method suggested relies on the fact that the wheel slippage or terrain irregularities cause more count readings from the encoder than what corresponds to the actual distance travelled by the vehicle.The application of encoded Digital Infrared Sheet of Light Beacon (DISLiB) system can be extended to intelligent control of the public transportation system. The system is capable of receiving traffic status input through a GSM (Global System Mobile) modem. The vehicles have infrared receivers and processors capable of decoding the information, and generating the audio and video messages to assist the driver. The thesis further examines the usefulness of the technique to assist the movement of differently-able (blind) persons in indoor or outdoor premises of his residence.The work addressed in this thesis suggests a new way forward in the development of autonomous robotics and guidance systems. However, this work can be easily extended to many other challenging domains, as well.

Numerical Simulation of Two-Part Underwater Towing System

The motion instability is an important issue that occurs during the operation of towed underwater vehicles (TUV), which considerably affects the accuracy of high precision acoustic instrumentations housed inside the same. Out of the various parameters responsible for this, the disturbances from the tow-ship are the most significant one. The present study focus on the motion dynamics of an underwater towing system with ship induced disturbances as the input. The study focus on an innovative system called two-part towing. The methodology involves numerical modeling of the tow system, which consists of modeling of the tow-cables and vehicles formulation. Previous study in this direction used a segmental approach for the modeling of the cable. Even though, the model was successful in predicting the heave response of the tow-body, instabilities were observed in the numerical solution. The present study devises a simple approach called lumped mass spring model (LMSM) for the cable formulation. In this work, the traditional LMSM has been modified in two ways. First, by implementing advanced time integration procedures and secondly, use of a modified beam model which uses only translational degrees of freedoms for solving beam equation. A number of time integration procedures, such as Euler, Houbolt, Newmark and HHT-α were implemented in the traditional LMSM and the strength and weakness of each scheme were numerically estimated. In most of the previous studies, hydrodynamic forces acting on the tow-system such as drag and lift etc. are approximated as analytical expression of velocities. This approach restricts these models to use simple cylindrical shaped towed bodies and may not be applicable modern tow systems which are diversed in shape and complexity. Hence, this particular study, hydrodynamic parameters such as drag and lift of the tow-system are estimated using CFD techniques. To achieve this, a RANS based CFD code has been developed. Further, a new convection interpolation scheme for CFD simulation, called BNCUS, which is blend of cell based and node based formulation, was proposed in the study and numerically tested. To account for the fact that simulation takes considerable time in solving fluid dynamic equations, a dedicated parallel computing setup has been developed. Two types of computational parallelisms are explored in the current study, viz; the model for shared memory processors and distributed memory processors. In the present study, shared memory model was used for structural dynamic analysis of towing system, distributed memory one was devised in solving fluid dynamic equations.

k-NN based On-Line Handwritten Character recognition system

On-line handwriting recognition has been a frontier area of research for the last few decades under the purview of pattern recognition. Word processing turns to be a vexing experience even if it is with the assistance of an alphanumeric keyboard in Indian languages. A natural solution for this problem is offered through online character recognition. There is abundant literature on the handwriting recognition of western, Chinese and Japanese scripts, but there are very few related to the recognition of Indic script such as Malayalam. This paper presents an efficient Online Handwritten character Recognition System for Malayalam Characters (OHR-M) using K-NN algorithm. It would help in recognizing Malayalam text entered using pen-like devices. A novel feature extraction method, a combination of time domain features and dynamic representation of writing direction along with its curvature is used for recognizing Malayalam characters. This writer independent system gives an excellent accuracy of 98.125% with recognition time of 15-30 milliseconds

FEM based Virtual Prototyping and Design of Third Harmonic Excitation System for Low Voltage Brushless Alternators

Salient pole brushless alternators coupled to IC engines are extensively used as stand-by power supply units for meeting in- dustrial power demands. Design of such generators demands high power to weight ratio, high e ciency and low cost per KVA out- put. Moreover, the performance characteristics of such machines like voltage regulation and short circuit ratio (SCR) are critical when these machines are put into parallel operation and alterna- tors for critical applications like defence and aerospace demand very low harmonic content in the output voltage. While designing such alternators, accurate prediction of machine characteristics, including total harmonic distortion (THD) is essential to mini- mize development cost and time. Total harmonic distortion in the output voltage of alternators should be as low as possible especially when powering very sophis- ticated and critical applications. The output voltage waveform of a practical AC generator is replica of the space distribution of the ux density in the air gap and several factors such as shape of the rotor pole face, core saturation, slotting and style of coil disposition make the realization of a sinusoidal air gap ux wave impossible. These ux harmonics introduce undesirable e ects on the alternator performance like high neutral current due to triplen harmonics, voltage distortion, noise, vibration, excessive heating and also extra losses resulting in poor e ciency, which in turn necessitate de-rating of the machine especially when connected to non-linear loads. As an important control unit of brushless alternator, the excitation system and its dynamic performance has a direct impact on alternator's stability and reliability. The thesis explores design and implementation of an excitation i system utilizing third harmonic ux in the air gap of brushless al- ternators, using an additional auxiliary winding, wound for 1=3rd pole pitch, embedded into the stator slots and electrically iso- lated from the main winding. In the third harmonic excitation system, the combined e ect of two auxiliary windings, one with 2=3rd pitch and another third harmonic winding with 1=3rd pitch, are used to ensure good voltage regulation without an electronic automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and also reduces the total harmonic content in the output voltage, cost e ectively. The design of the third harmonic winding by analytic methods demands accurate calculation of third harmonic ux density in the air gap of the machine. However, precise estimation of the amplitude of third harmonic ux in the air gap of a machine by conventional design procedures is di cult due to complex geome- try of the machine and non-linear characteristics of the magnetic materials. As such, prediction of the eld parameters by conven- tional design methods is unreliable and hence virtual prototyping of the machine is done to enable accurate design of the third har- monic excitation system. In the design and development cycle of electrical machines, it is recognized that the use of analytical and experimental methods followed by expensive and in exible prototyping is time consum- ing and no longer cost e ective. Due to advancements in com- putational capabilities over recent years, nite element method (FEM) based virtual prototyping has become an attractive al- ternative to well established semi-analytical and empirical design methods as well as to the still popular trial and error approach followed by the costly and time consuming prototyping. Hence, by virtually prototyping the alternator using FEM, the important performance characteristics of the machine are predicted. Design of third harmonic excitation system is done with the help of results obtained from virtual prototype of the machine. Third harmonic excitation (THE) system is implemented in a 45 KVA ii experimental machine and experiments are conducted to validate the simulation results. Simulation and experimental results show that by utilizing third harmonic ux in the air gap of the ma- chine for excitation purposes during loaded conditions, triplen harmonic content in the output phase voltage is signi cantly re- duced. The prototype machine with third harmonic excitation system designed and developed based on FEM analysis proved to be economical due to its simplicity and has the added advan- tage of reduced harmonics in the output phase voltage.