992 resultados para Domestic relations--Ireland


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This thesis suggests to carry on the philosophical work begun in Casati's and Varzi's seminal book Parts and Places, by extending their general reflections on the basic formal structure of spatial representation beyond mereotopology and absolute location to the question of perspectives and perspective-dependent spatial relations. We show how, on the basis of a conceptual analysis of such notions as perspective and direction, a mereotopological theory with convexity can express perspectival spatial relations in a strictly qualitative framework. We start by introducing a particular mereotopological theory, AKGEMT, and argue that it constitutes an adequate core for a theory of spatial relations. Two features of AKGEMT are of particular importance: AKGEMT is an extensional mereotopology, implying that sameness of proper parts is a sufficient and necessary condition for identity, and it allows for (lower- dimensional) boundary elements in its domain of quantification. We then discuss an extension of AKGEMT, AKGEMTS, which results from the addition of a binary segment operator whose interpretation is that of a straight line segment between mereotopological points. Based on existing axiom systems in standard point-set topology, we propose an axiomatic characterisation of the segment operator and show that it is strong enough to sustain complex properties of a convexity predicate and a convex hull operator. We compare our segment-based characterisation of the convex hull to Cohn et al.'s axioms for the convex hull operator, arguing that our notion of convexity is significantly stronger. The discussion of AKGEMTS defines the background theory of spatial representation on which the developments in the second part of this thesis are built. The second part deals with perspectival spatial relations in two-dimensional space, i.e., such relations as those expressed by 'in front of, 'behind', 'to the left/right of, etc., and develops a qualitative formalism for perspectival relations within the framework of AKGEMTS. Two main claims are defended in part 2: That perspectival relations in two-dimensional space are four- place relations of the kind R(x, y, z, w), to be read as x is i?-related to y as z looks at w; and that these four-place structures can be satisfactorily expressed within the qualitative theory AKGEMTS. To defend these two claims, we start by arguing for a unified account of perspectival relations, thus rejecting the traditional distinction between 'relative' and 'intrinsic' perspectival relations. We present a formal theory of perspectival relations in the framework of AKGEMTS, deploying the idea that perspectival relations in two-dimensional space are four-place relations, having a locational and a perspectival part and show how this four-place structure leads to a unified framework of perspectival relations. Finally, we present a philosophical motivation to the idea that perspectival relations are four-place, cashing out the thesis that perspectives are vectorial properties and argue that vectorial properties are relations between spatial entities. Using Fine's notion of "qua objects" for an analysis of points of view, we show at last how our four-place approach to perspectival relations compares to more traditional understandings.

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Toscana virus (TOSV) is transmitted by infected sandflies. In Mediterranean countries, TOSV is one of the major viral pathogens involved in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. It remains unclear if there are animal reservoirs able to maintain the virus through the cold months of the year, when the vector is not circulating. From May to October of 2006 and 2007, we conducted a serosurvey study on domestic animals from Granada province (southern Spain). TOSV was investigated in 1186 serum samples from horses, goats, pigs, cats, dogs, sheep, and cows by serology (indirect fluorescence assay), viral culture, and RT-polymerase chain reaction. Specific anti-TOSV antibodies were detected in 429 (36.2%) serum samples. The highest seropositivity rates were observed in cats (59.6%) and dogs (48.3%). These results suggest that an important percentage of the domestic animals have been infected by TOSV. Significantly different seroprevalence rates were detected in goats among distinct geographical areas. All viral cultures were negative. TOSV was detected by RT-polymerase chain reaction in only one serum sample from a goat. Thus, the studied animals do not seem to act as reservoirs for TOSV; otherwise, they could be amplifying hosts for the virus.

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The calyptrate dipterans are the most important decomposers of human cadavers. Knowledge of their species and distribution are of great importance to forensic entomology, especially because of the enormous diversity in Brazil. Carcasses of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa, L) were the experimental models used to attract calyptrates of forensic interest during the winters of 2006 and 2007 and the summers of 2006 and 2008. A total of 24,423 specimens from 44 species were collected (19 Muscidae, 2 Fanniidae and 23 Sarcophagidae), three of which were new records of occurrence and 20 of which were new forensic records for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fourteen of these species were newly identified as forensically important in Brazil.

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The paper analyses the regional flows of domestic tourism that took place in Spain in year 2000, contributing to the state of knowledge on tourism required by authorities and private firms when faced with decision making, for example, for regional infrastructure planning. Although tourism is one of the main income-generating economic activities in Spain, domestic tourism has received little attention in the literature compared to inbound tourism. The paper uses among others, gravitational model tools and concentration indices, to analyse regional concentration of both domestic demand and supply; tourism flows among regions, and the causes that may explain the observed flows and attractiveness between regions. Among the most remarkable results are the high regional concentration of demand and supply, and the role of population and regional income as explanatory variables. Also remarkable are the attractiveness of own region and neighbour ones, and that domestic tourism may be acting as a regional income redistributing activity

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Introduction: Bien que l'imatinib (Glivec®) ait révolutionné le traitement de la leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) et des tumeurs stromales d'origine digestive (GIST), ses relations pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique (PK-PD) ont été peu étudiées. De par ses caractéristiques pharmacocinétiques (PK), ce médicament pourrait toutefois représenter un candidat à un programme de suivi thérapeutique (TDM). Objectif: Cette étude observationnelle visait à explorer ces relations PK-PD, et à évaluer l'influence spécifique du génotype de la tumeur dans la population GIST. Méthode: Des données de 59 patients ont été collectées durant une étude pharmacocinétique précédente. Sur la base du modèle de population développé alors, les paramètres PK ont été obtenus par estimation bayésienne et ont permis d'estimer l'exposition au médicament (AUC; aire sous la courbe). Les paramètres se rapportant à la fraction libre de l'imatinib ont été déduits d'un modèle intégrant les taux plasmatiques d'alpha1-glycoprotéine acide. L'association entre l'AUC (ou la clairance) et la réponse ou la toxicité a été explorée par régression logistique. L'influence du génotype de la tumeur (gène KIT) sur la réponse a également été évaluée chez des patients GIST. Résultats: L'exposition du médicament totale et libre est corrélée au nombre d'effets indésirables (ex: OR 2.9 ± 0.6 pour un accroissement d'AUC d'un facteur 2; p<0.001). Une relation avec la réponse n'est par contre pas évidente (les bons répondeurs recevant souvent des doses plus faibles que les mauvais répondeurs). Cependant, chez les patients GIST, une AUC libre plus élevée prédit une meilleure réponse (OR 1.9 ± 0.6; p<0.001), notamment chez les patients présentant des mutations sur l'exon 9 du gène cible KIT (ou un gène wild-type). Un tel profile génétique est connu pour diminuer la sensibilité à l'imatinib, par opposition à des mutations sur l'exon 11. Discussion-conclusion: Ces résultats, associés à la grande variabilité PK observée, représentent des arguments pour évaluer, pour l'imatinib, le bénéfice d'un programme de TDM. Nos données suggèrent également qu'une stratification des patients selon le génotype de la tumeur est important.