Digital Paratext : Editorialization and the Very Death of the Author

As shown by different scholars, the idea of “author” is not absolute or necessary. On the contrary, it came to life as an answer to the very practical needs of an emerging print technology in search of an economic model of its own. In this context, and according to the criticism of the notion of “author” made during the 1960–70s (in particular by Barthes and Foucault), it would only be natural to consider the idea of the author being dead as a global claim accepted by all scholars. Yet this is not the case, because, as Rose suggests, the idea of “author” and the derived notion of copyright are still too important in our culture to be abandoned. But why such an attachment to the idea of “author”? The hypothesis on which this chapter is based is that the theory of the death of the author—developed in texts such as What is an Author? by Michel Foucault and The Death of the Author by Roland Barthes—did not provide the conditions for a shift towards a world without authors because of its inherent lack of concrete editorial practices different from the existing ones. In recent years, the birth and diffusion of the Web have allowed the concrete development of a different way of interpreting the authorial function, thanks to new editorial practices—which will be named “editorialization devices” in this chapter. Thus, what was inconceivable for Rose in 1993 is possible today because of the emergence of digital technology—and in particular, the Web.

Validité, fiabilité et reproductibilité des modèles digitaux obtenus avec iTero (Align Technology) et Unitek TMP Digital (3M) en comparaison avec les modèles de plâtre

Objectif: L'objectif primaire de cette étude était d'évaluer la validité, la fiabilité et la reproductibilité des mesures dentaires obtenues sur les modèles digitaux iTero (Align Technology, San Jose, Californie) et Unitek TMP Digital (3M, Monrovia, Californie) en comparaison avec celles obtenues sur les modèles de plâtre (gold standard). L'objectif secondaire était de comparer les deux différents matériaux à empreinte (l'alginate et le polyvinylsiloxane-PVS) afin de déterminer si le choix du matériau affectait la précision des mesures. Méthodes: Le premier volet de l'étude impliquait les modèles digitaux Unitek et iTero, obtenus à partir de 25 paires de modèles de plâtre choisis de façon randomisée et provenant de la pratique privée d'un des co-auteurs. Des empreintes d'alginate et de PVS ont été prises sur les modèles de plâtre et numérisées par le scanner Unitek. Les modèles ont ensuite été numérisés avec le scanner iTero. Le deuxième volet de l'étude cherchait à comparer les modèles digitaux iTero (numérisation intra-orale) avec les modèles de plâtre (empreintes d'alginate et de PVS) obtenus à partir de 25 patients de la clinique d'orthodontie de l'Université de Montréal ayant besoin d'un traitement orthodontique. Dans les deux volets de l'étude, deux auteurs ont pris les mesures suivantes sur les différents modèles: largeur mésio-distale de chaque dent de la première molaire à l'autre première molaire, le périmètre d'arcade, les distances intermolaire et intercanine, le surplomb vertical et le surplomb horizontal. Les ratios et excès Bolton 6 et 12, l'espace requis et les différentiels d'espace au maxillaire et à la mandibule, ont été calculés. Résultats: La fiabilité (ICC) entre les modèles digitaux (Unitek et iTero) et les modèles de plâtre était bonne à excellente pour toutes les mesures [ICC=0,762–0,998], et la fiabilité entre les deux matériaux à empreinte était excellente [ICC=0,947–0,996]. Dans les deux volets de l'étude, les mesures faites sur les modèles iTero étaient généralement plus grandes que celles faites sur les modèles de plâtre. Les plus grandes différences moyennes pour la comparaison iTero-plâtre étaient trouvées au niveau de l'espace disponible au maxillaire et à la mandibule (systématiquement plus grande pour cette variable), soit 2,24 mm et 2,02 mm respectivement dans le premier volet, et 1,17 mm et 1,39 mm respectivement dans le deuxième volet. Les différences étaient considérées cliniquement non significatives pour toutes les variables. La reproductibilité intra-examinateur était bonne à excellente pour les modèles de plâtre et les modèles digitaux, à l'exception du différentiel d'espace à la mandibule pour les modèles Unitek [ICC=0,690-0,692]. La reproductibilité inter-examinateur était bonne à excellente pour les modèles de plâtre et les modèles digitaux dans les deux volets de l'étude, mais acceptable à modérée pour les modèles Unitek au niveau des analyses Bolton 6 et 12, et des différentiels d'espace au maxillaire et à la mandibule [ICC=0,362-0,548]. Conclusions: La précision et la fiabilité des mesures dentaires faites sur les modèles digitaux Unitek et iTero étaient cliniquement acceptables et reproductibles en comparaison avec les celles faites sur les modèles de plâtre. Le choix de matériel à empreinte entre l'alginate et le PVS n'affectait pas la précision des mesures. Cette étude semble démontrer que les modèles digitaux Unitek et iTero, utilisés avec leur logiciel respectif, sont une alternative fiable et reproductible aux modèles de plâtre pour le diagnostic et l’analyse des modèles orthodontiques.

Introduction : Crossing Digital Thresholds on the Paratextual Tightrope

The paratext framework is now used in a variety of fields to assess, measure, analyze, and comprehend the elements that provide thresholds, allowing scholars to better understand digital objects. Researchers from many disciplines revisit paratextual theories in order to grasp what surrounds text in the digital age. Examining Paratextual Theory and its Applications in Digital Culture suggests a theoretical and practical tool for building bridges between disciplines interested in conducting joint research and exploration of digital culture. Helping scholars from different fields find an interdisciplinary framework and common language to study digital objects, this book serves as a useful reference for academics, librarians, professionals, researchers, and students, offering a collaborative outlook and perspective.

Differences in Standing and Sitting Postures of Youth with Idiopathic Scoliosis from Quantitative Analysis of Digital Photographs

The objective of this study was to explore whether differences in standing and sitting postures of youth with idiopathic scoliosis could be detected from quantitative analysis of digital photographs. Standing and sitting postures of 50 participants aged 10–20-years-old with idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle: 15° to 60°) were assessed from digital photographs using a posture evaluation software program. Based on the XY coordinates of markers, 13 angular and linear posture indices were calculated in both positions. Paired t-tests were used to compare values of standing and sitting posture indices. Significant differences between standing and sitting positions (p < 0.05) were found for head protraction, shoulder elevation, scapula asymmetry, trunk list, scoliosis angle, waist angles, and frontal and sagittal plane pelvic tilt. Quantitative analysis of digital photographs is a clinically feasible method to measure standing and sitting postures among youth with scoliosis and to assist in decisions on therapeutic interventions.

Digital Libraries Initiatives in India

Digital library Initiatives in India, models of electronic and print publishing, digitallibrary and funding, chaalenges and oppertunities,digital ibrary initiatives in India, current digital library moedels etc

An Inter-digital Capacitive Electrode Modified as a Pressure Sensor

Inter-digital capacitive electrodes working as electric field sensors have been developed for touch panel applications. Evaluation circuits to convert variations in electric fields in such sensors into computer compatible data are commercially available. We report development of an Interdigital capacitive electrode working as a sensitive pressure sensor in the range 0-120 kPa. Essentially it is a touch/proximity sensor converted into a pressure sensor with a suitable elastomer buffer medium acting as the pressure transmitter. The performance of the sensor has been evaluated and reported. Such sensors can be made very economical in comparison to existing pressure sensors. Moreover, they are very convenient to be fabricated into sensor arrays involving a number of sensors for distributed pressure sensing applications such as in biomedical systems.

Development of Compact Microwave Filters Using Microstrip Loop Resonators

Study of the characteristics of planar loop resonators and their use in the construction of filters at microwave frequencies are presented in this thesis.A detailed investigation of parameters affecting the strength of coupling and the resonant frequency are also carried out .Techniques for size reduction in bandstop and bandpass filters using planar loop resonators are developed.Different configurations of bandstop and bandpass filters using loop resonators are simulated and experimental results on optimal filter configurations are presented.

Efficient Transmitter/Receiver Architectures for High Performance Wireless Applications

The thesis focuses on efficient design methods and reconfiguration architectures suitable for higher performance wireless communication .The work presented in this thesis describes the development of compact,inexpensive and low power communication devices that are robust,testable and capable of handling multiple communication standards.A new multistandard Decimation Filter Design Toolbox is developed in MATLAB GUIDE environment.RNS based dual-mode decimation filters reconfigurable for WCDMA/WiMAX and WCDMA/WLANa standards are designed and implemented.It offers high speed operation with lesser area requirement and lower dynamic power dissipation.A novel sigma-delta based direct analog-to-residue converter that reduces the complexity of RNS conversion circuitry is presented.The performance of an OFDM communication system with a new RRNS-convolutional concatenated coding is analysed and improved BER performance is obtained under different channel conditions. Easily testable MAC units for filters are presented using Reed-Muller logic for realization.

Enhancement of Microwave Properties of Planar Filters and Antennas using Photonic Bandgap (PBG) Structures

In this thesis, we explore the design, computation, and experimental analysis of photonic crystals, with a special emphasis on structures and devices that make a connection with practically realizable systems. First, we analyze the propenies of photonic-crystal: periodic dielectric structures that have a band gap for propagation. The band gap of periodically loaded air column on a dielectric substrate is computed using Eigen solvers in a plane wave basis. Then this idea is extended to planar filters and antennas at microwave regime. The main objectives covered in this thesis are:• Computation of Band Gap origin in Photonic crystal with the abet of Maxwell's equation and Bloch-Floquet's theorem • Extension of Band Gap to Planar structures at microwave regime • Predict the dielectric constant - synthesized dieletric cmstant of the substrates when loaded with Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structures in a microstrip transmission line • Identify the resonant characteristic of the PBG cell and extract the equivalent circuit based on PBG cell and substrate parameters for microstrip transmission line • Miniaturize PBG as Defected Ground Structures (DGS) and use the property to be implemented in planar filters with microstrip transmission line • Extended the band stop effect of PBG / DGS to coplanar waveguide and asymmetric coplanar waveguide. • Formulate design equations for the PBG / DGS filters • Use these PBG / DGS ground plane as ground plane of microstrip antennas • Analysis of filters and antennas using FDID method

Polyphase Implementation of Non-recursive Comb Decimators for Sigma-Delta A/D Converters

In a sigma-delta analog to digital (A/D) As most of the sigma-delta ADC applications require converter, the most computationally intensive block is decimation filters with linear phase characteristics, the decimation filter and its hardware implementation symmetric Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are may require millions of transistors. Since these widely used for implementation. But the number of FIR converters are now targeted for a portable application, filter coefficients will be quite large for implementing a a hardware efficient design is an implicit requirement. narrow band decimation filter. Implementing decimation In this effect, this paper presents a computationally filter in several stages reduces the total number of filter efficient polyphase implementation of non-recursive coefficients, and hence reduces the hardware complexity cascaded integrator comb (CIC) decimators for and power consumption [2]. Sigma-Delta Converters (SDCs). The SDCs are The first stage of decimation filter can be operating at high oversampling frequencies and hence implemented very efficiently using a cascade of integrators require large sampling rate conversions. The filtering and comb filters which do not require multiplication or and rate reduction are performed in several stages to coefficient storage. The remaining filtering is performed reduce hardware complexity and power dissipation. either in single stage or in two stages with more complex The CIC filters are widely adopted as the first stage of FIR or infinite impulse response (IIR) filters according to decimation due to its multiplier free structure. In this the requirements. The amount of passband aliasing or research, the performance of polyphase structure is imaging error can be brought within prescribed bounds by compared with the CICs using recursive and increasing the number of stages in the CIC filter. The non-recursive algorithms in terms of power, speed and width of the passband and the frequency characteristics area. This polyphase implementation offers high speed outside the passband are severely limited. So, CIC filters operation and low power consumption. The polyphase are used to make the transition between high and low implementation of 4th order CIC filter with a sampling rates. Conventional filters operating at low decimation factor of '64' and input word length of sampling rate are used to attain the required transition '4-bits' offers about 70% and 37% of power saving bandwidth and stopband attenuation. compared to the corresponding recursive and Several papers are available in literature that deals non-recursive implementations respectively. The same with different implementations of decimation filter polyphase CIC filter can operate about 7 times faster architecture for sigma-delta ADCs. Hogenauer has than the recursive and about 3.7 times faster than the described the design procedures for decimation and non-recursive CIC filters.

classification and content based retrieval of digital mammograms and placental sonograms

Image processing has been a challenging and multidisciplinary research area since decades with continuing improvements in its various branches especially Medical Imaging. The healthcare industry was very much benefited with the advances in Image Processing techniques for the efficient management of large volumes of clinical data. The popularity and growth of Image Processing field attracts researchers from many disciplines including Computer Science and Medical Science due to its applicability to the real world. In the meantime, Computer Science is becoming an important driving force for the further development of Medical Sciences. The objective of this study is to make use of the basic concepts in Medical Image Processing and develop methods and tools for clinicians’ assistance. This work is motivated from clinical applications of digital mammograms and placental sonograms, and uses real medical images for proposing a method intended to assist radiologists in the diagnostic process. The study consists of two domains of Pattern recognition, Classification and Content Based Retrieval. Mammogram images of breast cancer patients and placental images are used for this study. Cancer is a disaster to human race. The accuracy in characterizing images using simplified user friendly Computer Aided Diagnosis techniques helps radiologists in detecting cancers at an early stage. Breast cancer which accounts for the major cause of cancer death in women can be fully cured if detected at an early stage. Studies relating to placental characteristics and abnormalities are important in foetal monitoring. The diagnostic variability in sonographic examination of placenta can be overlooked by detailed placental texture analysis by focusing on placental grading. The work aims on early breast cancer detection and placental maturity analysis. This dissertation is a stepping stone in combing various application domains of healthcare and technology.

Digital Preservation - Challenges

Long Term Digital Preservation (LTDP) is a secure and trustworthy mechanism to ingest, process, store, manage, protect, find, access, and interpret digital information such that the same information can be used at some arbitrary point in the future in spite of obsolescence of everything: hardware, software, processes, format, people, etc

Using open source software for digital libraries A case study of CUSAT

The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and development of a digital library at Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), India, using DSpace open source software. The study covers the structure, contents and usage of CUSAT digital library. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the possibilities of applying open source in libraries. An evaluative approach is carried out to explore the features of the CUSAT digital library. The Google Analytics service is employed to measure the amount of use of digital library by users across the world. Findings – CUSAT has successfully applied DSpace open source software for building a digital library. The digital library has had visits from 78 countries, with the major share from India. The distribution of documents in the digital library is uneven. Past exam question papers share the major part of the collection. The number of research papers, articles and rare documents is less. Originality/value – The study is the first of its type that tries to understand digital library design and development using DSpace open source software in a university environment with a focus on the analysis of distribution of items and measuring the value by usage statistics employing the Google Analytics service. The digital library model can be useful for designing similar systems

Building Digital. Repository Of Project Reports: A Proposal for cusat

The effective organization and utilisation of resources produced by the students, faculty and research scholars in university departments assume greater significance. Institutional repositories are developed by many institutions to provide resources and materials that support students in their studies. The present study recognizes the value of such a repository in the Engineering and Technology discipline in Cochin University of Science and Technology. The paper explains the need for a digital repository ofproject reports. The authors present a modelfor digital repository, and the organization.and administration of such a repository. The study also analyses the various other factors associated with the proposed depository.