Desenvolvimento de sensor baseado em polímeros molecularmente impressos para determinação de álcoois superiores em óleo fúsel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação do teor dos ingredientes ativos imidacloprida e clorpirifós em produtos técnicos formulados por CLUE-DAD

The use of pesticides to manage pest problems in agriculture has become a common practice around the world. Pesticides consist in chemical substances or biological agents that act preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating the damage caused by pests in agriculture. In order to a successful treatment, the correct dosage of pesticide has to be applied for each kind of culture. In this context, this project aims to quantify the levels of the active ingredients Imidacloprid and Chlorpyrifos present in formulated technical products and compare with the reported in the ir commercial leaflets. The analyzes were performed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector (CLUE-DAD). The identification of Imidacloprid and Chlorpyrifos in the samples was realized by comparison of the time of retention and UV spectre of those substances with the commercials patterns, resulting in a excellent method specificity of the method. In the scope of determination of active ingredients in formulated products, the method developed showed good sensitivity in the applied conditions, with suitables limits of detection (4,2.10-² mg L-¹ for Imidacloprid and 1,1.10-¹ mg L-¹ to Chlorpyrifos) and quantitation (1,4.10-¹ mg L-¹ and Imidacloprid 3,6.10-¹ mg L-¹ to Chlorpyrifos) for the concentrations found in matrices analyzed. Furthermore, good results were obtained to the method accuracy with coeficiente of variance values in the range of 0,6 to 0,7% for repeatability (intra-day) and 0,4 to 0,58% for intermediate precision (inter- day). The accuracy of the method was determined by recovery tests, the values were comprised in the range of 98 102%. According to the recommendations of the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, these values show good accuracy of the method. The concentrations obtained in the quantification of the active ingredients in formulated products showed values within permited by ABNT, 60.1% (w/v) ± 0.6%...

Estudo comparativo de diferentes metodologias analíticas para a determinação de fluoreto

The problem of dental caries in Brazil and around the world took major considerably over the years. In recent decades, with the advent of fluoridation, this problem has been alleviated. Studies have shown, however, that the lack of control in fluoridation leads to several health of the population. The strict control of fluoride levels in the water distributed, therefore, is essential. The objective of this study is to gather information on the status of fluoridation in some area of Brazil and compare different methods for the quantification of that analyte

Anatomia e imagenologia do braço e da coxa da Paca (Cuniculus paca, Linaeus 1776) para determinação do acesso cirúrgico à diáfise do úmero e do fêmur

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Modelo matemático para determinação do custo e produção de energia na cultura da cana-de-açúcar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metodologia de determinação de funções de pertinência de controla-dores fuzzy para a avaliação energética de empresas de avicultura de postura

The objective of this work is to determine the membership functions for the construction of a fuzzy controller to evaluate the energy situation of the company with respect to load and power factors. The energy assessment of a company is performed by technicians and experts based on the indices of load and power factors, and analysis of the machines used in production processes. This assessment is conducted periodically to detect whether the procedures performed by employees in relation to how of use electricity energy are correct. With a fuzzy controller, this performed can be done by machines. The construction of a fuzzy controller is initially characterized by the definition of input and output variables, and their associated membership functions. We also need to define a method of inference and a processor output. Finally, you need the help of technicians and experts to build a rule base, consisting of answers that provide these professionals in function of characteristics of the input variables. The controller proposed in this paper has as input variables load and power factors, and output the company situation. Their membership functions representing fuzzy sets called by linguistic qualities, as “VERY BAD” and “GOOD”. With the method of inference Mandani and the processor to exit from the Center of Area chosen, the structure of a fuzzy controller is established, simply by the choice by technicians and experts of the field energy to determine a set of rules appropriate for the chosen company. Thus, the interpretation of load and power factors by software comes to meeting the need of creating a single index that indicates an overall basis (rational and efficient) as the energy is being used.

Determinação de atividade de água, umidade e sal em peixes salgados e secos importados

Brazil is a major importer in the world salted fish trade. The sale of these products must meet the established standards, based mainly on the salt and moisture levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the salt and moisture levels in imported Atlantic cod and Pacific cod, and in the dried salted fish Ling, Zarbo and Saithe, which are not classified as cod since they do not belong to the genus Gadus. The water activity was also analyzed, which could be a useful parameter to determine the quality of salted fish.The results showed that the legal limits for salt were much lower than the values found in the analyses. The moisture contents established for the category of salted fish, as determined by the Portuguese legislation, were more reliable. We suggest the inclusion of the water activity as a parameter for the evaluation of these products.

Geoprocessamento aplicado na determinação das áreas de preservação permanente e áreas de conflito com cultivo agrícola no município de Lençóis Paulista/SP

The city of Lençóis Paulista has a great part of its agricultural land cultivated by sugar cane and reforestation of eucalyptus and pine trees. In the county there are industries that exploit energy extracted from energy cogeneration. The city of Lençóis Paulista, in recent years, has been demonstrating considerable levels of economic and social growth with the industries that are working with sugarcane and eucalyptus mainly responsible. However, the expansion of agricultural land in many cases does not take into consideration the permanent preservation areas that are protected by the law. The APP's are of fundamental importance in the management and conservation of the environment preserving the natural plants and wildlife, and also preventing erosion and the silting of drainage networks. This objective of this study was to diagnose land use, analyze if Permanent Preservation Areas are regulated to the Brazilian Forestry Code (1965) and also diagnose areas of conflict. In relation to the use and occupation of land, the research has shown how the land is divided (agricultural crops and urban zones), and highlighted areas of conflict with the Permanent Preservation Areas. All of the information is contained in maps using Geographic Information Systems. However, it has become clear that environmental laws are not respected as much in urban areas as they are in rural areas. The PPA's are virtually nonexistent, thus creating damage to the environment and local population.

Determinação do rendimento na barra de tração de tratores agrícolas com tração dianteira auxiliar (4X2 TDA)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação das coordenadas dos vértices limítrofes de imóveis rurais utilizando-se do posicionamento GPS

Aiming to evaluate the methodologies of surveys related with the specifications of Geo-referencing Rural Parcels in Brazil, established by INCRA (National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform), in attendance to the Law 10.267/01, and considering aspects of precision and accuracy, a test area was set up in the Assentamento Florestan Fernandes, in the county of Presidente Bernardes, SP. This area was subdivided in three sub-areas in order to simulate the existence of three contiguous rural parcels. The first stage of work consisted in the implantation and determination of the control points coordinates in their respective areas. These control points were determined by the process of direct transport, using dual frequency (L1/L2) GPS receivers and through the process of traverse with baselines of up to 20 km, using single frequency receivers (L1). The coordinates of the points of the perimeter of the three sub-areas were determined using single frequency GPS receivers, from two survey methods, both using static relative positioning. The first one, so called traverse, each point that delimits the property was occupied successively, starting from the control point and closing at another. In other, denominated double irradiation, each point of the property was irradiated from two control points. These procedures were accomplished with the intention to define and to implement a mistake control strategy, to realize redundancy measurements and to use an adjustment method correctly, to obtain trustworthily values in the patterns demanded in each kind of survey. With the data collected and processed some analyses could be accomplished from the discrepancies between the coordinates obtained by different methodologies. The results show that this test area may be used to validate other methodologies and equipments. The results were satisfactory and attended the specifications of Geo-referencing Rural Parcel.

Métodos de determinação da densidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo

Soil bulk density is an attribute often used to characterize soil physical structure, being an indicator of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to compare the values ​​of bulk density measured by the paraffin sealed clod and volumetric ring methods in conventional, no-tillage and minimum tillage systems on a Dystroferric Red Nitosol, clayey, in Botucatu, SP. The experiment design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement in randomized block with four replications. The density values ​​obtained by the paraffin sealed clod method were statistically higher than those obtained by the volumetric ring method. There was no difference between the managements when comparing the values ​​of soil density obtained by the paraffin sealed clod method. The soil under conventional management showed lower density when comparing the values ​​of soil density obtained by the volumetric ring. The volumetric ring method was more sensitive to show differences between the management systems than the paraffin sealed clod method.

Determinação do valor energético em bebidas de maracujá

The objective of this work was to calculate the energetic values in passion fruit commercial beverages (whole juices, reconstituted juices, tropical juices, and nectars) by their centesimal composition. Then, the energetic values were compared to the caloric values as described on the nutritional facts from the beverageslabels. Analyses of moisture, protein, lipids, ashes, and carbohydrates were done in 25 commercialbeverages samples. In order to calculate the energetic value of each sample, the following conversion factors were used: 4 kcal.g-1 for carbohydrates, 4 kcal.g-1 for proteins and 9 kcal.g-1 for lipids. To allow the comparison of the results, the energetic values printed on the labels were converted into kcal.100g-1 usingthe beverages density. Overall, the commercial beverages calculated energetic values were similar to the nutritional facts.

Processamento da amostra das silagens de grãos úmidos de sorgo com baixo e alto tanino na determinação da digestibilidade aparente em equinos

There were used four castrated male horses, crossbred. It was used randomized block by design for four replications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of using samples, ground or in natura, in the precision of the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) in comparison to the total collection (CT) method in oder to estimate the apparent digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients of high-moisture grains silage of sorghum with low (SSLT) and high (SSHT) tannin in the feeding equine. No effect was observed for MNBT and CT methods with in natura sample for DC of DM, OM, CE, CP to SSLT (P>0.05), whose average values were 81.71, 84.23, 82.27 e 81.43%, respectively. The MNBT did not showacuracy to evaluate of DC of the SSHT, with ground and in natura samples. It was concluded that MNBT containing in natura sample should be used to determinating the DC of SSLT to DM, OM, CE and CP for equines.

Determinação do teor de glicose em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolizado pelo processo de conversão enzimática

The production of ethanol and sugar from sugarcane juice generate as byproduct, the bagasse. Currently, the bagasse, an industrial lignocellulosic biomass, can be used for production of second-generation ethanol, since when it is submitted to hydrolytic processes generates fermentable sugars. The objective of this study was to produce fungal enzymes capable of hydrolyzing this lignocellulosic biomass to generate glucose. For this, we used the mushroom species Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pycnoporus sanguineus as potential sources of laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase enzymes, capable of hydrolyzing the crushed sugarcane. The hydrolysis process was performed with the highest enzymatic activities observed from laccase in L. edodes (39.23 U-mL after 25 day incubation), P. ostreatus (2.5 U U-mL after 27 day incubation), P. sanguineus (80 U-mL after 27 days of incubation) and P. eryngii (16.45 U-mL 15 days incubation). MnP and LiP showed no significant results. The enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in natura (32,17% hemicellulose, cellulose 52,45% and 10,62% lignin) and bagasse hydrolyzate with 7,0% H2SO4 (0,20% hemicellulose, 68,82% to 25,33% cellulose and lignin) were evaluated for each enzymatic obtained. Compared to others, the enzymes produced by P. sanguineus incubated in sugarcane bagasse showed better efficiency resulting in glucose with an average content of 0,14 g-L. Although the levels of glucose determined in this work were low in relation to the literature, it can be stated that the laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase enzymes demonstrated good hydrolytic potential, especially those produced by the fungus P. sanguineus.

Aplicação de análise multicriterial para determinação de áreas prioritárias à recomposição florestal

Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and taking into account its capability to analyze spatial data, a database of updated spatial data from the sub-basin of the Descalvado stream, Botucatu, SP, was developed to provide an evaluation and diagnosis of the area concerning land use and the degradation processes therein. Through GIS, priority areas for forest recovery were defined by Multicriteria Evaluation and using the Ordered Weighted Average method. The latter allows the decision maker to define the area to be recovered, facing limitation of resources, among one of the proposed scenarios, or do it in stages. The study showed that there are accelerated erosion processes in the headwaters of the springs of water bodies; there is also fragmentation of native vegetation, especially in hillside areas, and little presence of native vegetation in riparian areas. The application of the multicriteria analysis using the Ordered Weighted Average was important as it systematized and discriminated scenarios of priority for forest recovery.