972 resultados para Conversion de unidades


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Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar a interação fósforo disponível (Pd) × fitase (UF) da dieta sobre o desempenho, os níveis plasmáticos de fósforo e os parâmetros ósseos de poedeiras. No experimento 1, utilizaram-se 240 aves com 40 semanas de idade distribuídas em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, composto de cinco níveis de fósforo disponível (0,094; 0,194; 0,294; 0,394 e 0,494%) e dois de fitase (0 e 300 unidades de fitase - UF). No experimento 2, utilizaram-se 288 aves com 44 semanas de idade, distribuídas também em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, composto de três níveis de fósforo disponível (0,094; 0,294 e 0,494%) e quatro de fitase (0; 300; 600 e 1.200 UF). No experimento 1, não houve interação fósforo disponível × fitase, mas o nível de fósforo disponível influenciou, de forma quadrática, a produção (PR) e a massa (MO) de ovos, os níveis plasmáticos de fósforo e a conversão por massa de ovos (CMO) e, de forma linear, o teor de cinzas na tíbia (CT) e a resistência óssea (RO). A adição de 300 UF elevou a disponibilidade do fósforo (de 4,034 para 4,784 mg/dL), o teor de CT (de 41,55 para 42,90%) e a resistência óssea (de 9,678 para 11,135 kgf/mm). No experimento 2, a produção aumentou de forma linear com os níveis de fósforo disponível da ração, que aumentaram linearmente com o aumento do nível de fitase. Os teores de cinzas na tíbia aumentaram até o nível de 567 UF. O aumento do fósforo disponível no nível de 600 UF melhorou de forma linear a massa de ovos, a conversão por massa de ovos e a conversão por dúzia de ovos. A suplementação da ração com menor teor de fósforo disponível (0,094%) com 300 a 1.200 UF melhorou a resistência óssea das aves. Poedeiras exigem em média 0,31 a 0,34% Pd. A adição de 300 UF ou o aumento do fósforo disponível em rações com 600 UF melhora a conversão por massa de ovos. A suplementação de rações deficientes em fósforo disponível com pelo menos 300 UF aumenta os níveis plasmáticos de fósforo, os teores de cinzas na tíbia e a resistência óssea de poedeiras comerciais.

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The decrease in crime is one of the core issues that cause concern in society today. This study aims to propose improvements to public safety from the choice of points to the location of police units, ie the points which support the car and the police. For this, three models were developed in order to assist decision making regarding the best placement of these bases. The Model of Police Units Routing has the intention to analyze the current configuration of a given region and develop optimal routes for round preventative. The Model of Allocation and Routing for New Police Units (MARNUP) used the model of facility location called p-median weighted and traveling salesman problem (TSP) combined aiming an ideal setting for regions that do not yet have support points or to assess how far the distribution is present in relation to that found in solution. The Model Redefinition and Routing Unit Police (MRRUP) seek to change the current positioning taking into account the budgetary constraints of the decision maker. To verify the applicability of these models we used data from 602 points to instances of police command that is responsible for the capital city of Natal. The city currently has 31 police units for 36 of these 19 districts and police have some assistance. This reality can lead to higher costs and higher response times for answering emergency calls. The results of the models showed that in an ideal situation it is possible to define a distance of 500 km/round, whereas in this 900 km are covered by approximately round. However, a change from three-point lead reduced to 700 km / round which represents a decrease of 22% in the route. This reduction should help improve response time to emergency care, improving the level of service provided by the increase of solved cases, reducing police shifts and routing preventive patrols

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This paper presents metaheuristic strategies based on the framework of evolutionary algorithms (Genetic and Memetic) with the addition of Technical Vocabulary Building for solving the Problem of Optimizing the Use of Multiple Mobile Units Recovery of Oil (MRO units). Because it is an NP-hard problem, a mathematical model is formulated for the problem, allowing the construction of test instances that are used to validate the evolutionary metaheuristics developed

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The automatic speech recognition by machine has been the target of researchers in the past five decades. In this period have been numerous advances, such as in the field of recognition of isolated words (commands), which has very high rates of recognition, currently. However, we are still far from developing a system that could have a performance similar to the human being (automatic continuous speech recognition). One of the great challenges of searches for continuous speech recognition is the large amount of pattern. The modern languages such as English, French, Spanish and Portuguese have approximately 500,000 words or patterns to be identified. The purpose of this study is to use smaller units than the word such as phonemes, syllables and difones units as the basis for the speech recognition, aiming to recognize any words without necessarily using them. The main goal is to reduce the restriction imposed by the excessive amount of patterns. In order to validate this proposal, the system was tested in the isolated word recognition in dependent-case. The phonemes characteristics of the Brazil s Portuguese language were used to developed the hierarchy decision system. These decisions are made through the use of neural networks SVM (Support Vector Machines). The main speech features used were obtained from the Wavelet Packet Transform. The descriptors MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) are also used in this work. It was concluded that the method proposed in this work, showed good results in the steps of recognition of vowels, consonants (syllables) and words when compared with other existing methods in literature

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Foram utilizados 520 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb® com 1 dia de idade alimentados com dietas à base de milho, farelo de soja e farelo de arroz desengordurado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de fitase sobre o desempenho e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Foi adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições de 13 aves por repetição. A composiçãos percentual dos tratamentos foi: controle positivo (CP) - 3.000 kcal de energia metabolizável por quilo (EM/kg); 21,4% de proteína bruta (PB); 0,42% de fósforo disponível (Pd) e 0,96% de cálcio (Ca); e controle negativo (CN) - 2.940 kcal EM/kg; 21,2% PB; 0,27% Pd e 0,90% Ca. Avaliaram-se três níveis de suplementação de Fitase5000 Ouro Fino na dieta CN: 500, 750 ou 1.000 unidades de fitase/kg ração (uft/kg) e seus efeitos na uniformidade, no consumo de ração, no ganho de peso, na conversão alimentar, na digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), da proteína bruta (PB), do Ca, P, da energia digestível (ED), %MS e %MN, nas concentrações de Ca e P e na resistência óssea nas tíbias dos frangos aos 20 dias de idade. A digestibilidade do P das dietas com menores níveis nutricionais foi inferior à da ração controle positivo. A suplementação com fitase melhorou a digestibilidade do P e da ED, uma vez que os coeficientes melhoraram com a adição de 1.000 uft/kg. A redução nos níveis nutricionais da dieta prejudicou o desempenho e a mineralização e resistência óssea das tíbias das aves, no entanto, a suplementação com fitase melhorou estas características. As características do osso das aves alimentadas com ração CN suplementada com 750 uft de fitase foram semelhantes às obtidas com a dieta controle positivo.

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Objetivou-se determinar níveis de inclusão de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) em rações para aves machos e fêmeas da linhagem Colonial nas fases inicial (1 a 28 dias), de crescimento (28 a 56 dias) e final (56 a 84 dias) criadas em semiconfinamento. em cada ensaio, 480 aves com idade correspondente à fase de criação foram alojadas em 24 unidades experimentais contendo áreas de abrigo e de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 (níveis de NaCl e sexos), totalizando oito tratamentos e três repetições de 20 aves. Os níveis de NaCl avaliados foram: 0,20; 0,40; 0,60 e 0,80% na fase inicial; 0,10; 0,30; 0,50 e 0,70% na fase de crescimento e 0,10; 0,25; 0,40 e 0,55% na fase final. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a ingestão de água, a conversão alimentar, o potencial hidrogeniônico, a pressão parcial de gás carbônico no sangue, a concentração de hematócritos e os teores de sódio e cloro no sangue. Para a fase inicial, o nível recomendado é de 0,53% de NaCl na ração para aves de ambos os sexos. Para a fase de crescimento, os níveis de 0,40 e 0,43% de NaCl, respectivamente, para machos e fêmeas e, para a fase final, de 0,25% para aves de ambos os sexos, atendem às exigências nutricionais.

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Foram realizados três ensaios para determinar os níveis nutricionais de fósforo disponível (Pd) para machos e fêmeas da linhagem ISA Label nas fases inicial (1 a 28 dias), crescimento (28 a 56 dias) e final (56 a 84 dias) criadas em semiconfinamento. em cada ensaio, 480 aves com idade correspondente à fase de criação foram alojadas em 24 unidades experimentais contendo áreas de abrigo e de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 (níveis de Pd e sexos) com três repetições de 20 aves. Os níveis de fósforo disponível avaliados foram: 0,25; 0,36; 0,47 e 0,58% na fase inicial; 0,18; 0,31; 0,44 e 0,57% na fase de crescimento; e 0,14; 0,27; 0,40 e 0,53% na fase final. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, consumo de Pd, conversão alimentar, teores de fósforo, cálcio e cinzas na tíbia e resistência à quebra óssea. de acordo com os resultados, o nível ótimo de Pd na ração na fase inicial, para machos e fêmeas são de 0,39 e 0,49%, que correspondem ao consumo de 3,94 e 3,96 g de Pd/ave, respectivamente. Para a fase de crescimento, recomenda-se 0,35% de Pd na ração para aves de ambos os sexos, que correspondem a consumo de 8,45 e 6,70 g de Pd/ave. Na fase final, recomendam-se os níveis de 0,32 e 0,30% de Pd, que correspondem a consumos de 12 e 9,5 g de Pd/ave para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente.

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This work aims to predict the total maximum demand of a transformer that will be used in power systems to attend a Multiple Unit Consumption (MUC) in design. In 1987, COSERN noted that calculation of maximum total demand for a building should be different from that which defines the scaling of the input protection extension in order to not overestimate the power of the transformer. Since then there have been many changes, both in consumption habits of the population, as in electrical appliances, so that this work will endeavor to improve the estimation of peak demand. For the survey, data were collected for identification and electrical projects in different MUCs located in Natal. In some of them, measurements were made of demand for 7 consecutive days and adjusted for an integration interval of 30 minutes. The estimation of the maximum demand was made through mathematical models that calculate the desired response from a set of information previously known of MUCs. The models tested were simple linear regressions, multiple linear regressions and artificial neural networks. The various calculated results over the study were compared, and ultimately, the best answer found was put into comparison with the previously proposed model

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O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o fluxo energético no escoamento de soja da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, considerando as rotas atualmente existentes, mais precisamente, do município de Rio Verde -GO até o porto de Santos - SP, visto que este é um grande polo exportador de granéis sólidos. Foram selecionadas duas rotas para a análise, uma contemplando a multimodalidade, ou seja, os modais rodoviário, ferroviário e hidroviário, e outra, uma única modalidade, o modal rodoviário. A conversão dos fatores físicos e operacionais em unidades energéticas foi realizada por meio de coeficientes energéticos levantados junto à literatura. Os resultados obtidos indicaram, pela rota 1 multimodal, um gasto energético específico maior para o modal rodoviário (0,50 MJ km-1 t-1), seguido pelo modal ferroviário (0,42 MJ km-1 t-1) e, em terceiro, o modal hidroviário (0,22 MJ km-1 t-1). Pela rota 2, unimodal rodoviário, o resultado indicou 0,50 MJ km-1 t-1. Nas participações de energia apresentadas, comparando as rotas 1 e 2, a que apresentou maior gasto energético específico total foi a rota 2 (0,50 MJ km-1 t-1), seguida pela rota 1 (0,34 MJ km-1 t-1).

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Wireless sensor networks are reality nowadays. The growing necessity of connectivity between existing industrial plant equipments pushes the research and development of several technologies. The IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN comes as a low-cost and powersaving viable solution, which are important concerns while making decisions on remote sensoring projects. This study intends to propose a wireless communication system which makes possible the monitoring of analogic and/or digital variables (i. e., the pressure studied) involved on the artificial methods for oil and gas lifting. The main issues are: To develop a software based on SMAC Standard in order to create a wireless network to monitoring analogic and/or digital variables; To evaluate the communication link based on the number of lost packets tested in different environments (indoor and outdoor) and To propose an instrumentation system consisting of wireless devices

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This thesis studied the motivation to work among health professionals of the Basic Unities (BUH) in the health network of the city of Natal (RN). It was understood that the work motivation is a process. Then, the expectation theory was applied and motivation components (results of work, expectative, valence, instrumentality, and motivational force) were used to analyses. It s understanding the motivation as multifaceted phenomenon, the psycho sociological perspective was adopted. The research was developed in two phases: one with application of Work Motivation and Meaning Inventory (WMMI), and another with interview. In the first phases, the analysis of results revealed that the major factors contributing to increase the motivational force to health professionals in the BUH´s are: in valence, Self Expression and Personal Realization (VF2), Personal and Family Survival (VF3); in expectative, Self Expression and Work Justice (EF1), Safety and Dignity (EF2) and Responsibility (EF4); in instrumentality, Involvement (IF1) and Recognition and Economic Independence (IF4). In opposition, the factors that more contribute to reduce the motivational force are Wear and Dehumanization factors in valence (VF4), in expectative (EF3), and in instrumentality (IF4), behind the Work Justice Factor (IF2). Basing in content analysis of interviews, it was possible to associate by equivalence, the senses presented by health professionals with obtained results of first phase, indicating that the results of second phase corroborated and complemented those of first one. This possibility broadened the comprehension of the studied phenomenon. In speaking of the respondents, it was visible the presence of contents showing that they perceive the Health System and BUH´s in degradation. In the first phase, the participants´ instruction also predict the results in motivation, and in the interviews can be saw that the instruction is associated with the opportunities in outside of system. As work motivation is a process, the impact of personal and occupational characteristics tend to interact with contextual aspects. It was concluded the majority of health professionals present the moderated motivational force, but it was falling because they experience and perceive a degrading context with work condition increasingly unfavorable.

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This work presents a cell to measure dynamic viscosity of liquids using ultrasonic wave mode conversion from longitudinal to shear wave. The strategy used to obtain the viscosity is based on the measurement of the complex reflection coefficient of shear waves at a solid-liquid interface. Viscosity measurements of automotive oils (SAE90 and SAE140) were obtained in the frequency range from 1 to 10 MHz. These results are compared with the Maxwell model with two relaxation times, showing the dependency of viscosity with frequency. Several parameters affecting viscosity measurements, including the solid material properties, liquid viscosity, and operating frequency are discussed.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most widely used techniques for measurement of conversion degree in dental composites. However, to obtain good quality spectra and quantitative analysis from spectral data, appropriate expertise and knowledge of the technique are mandatory. This paper presents important details to use infrared spectroscopy for determination of the conversion degree.

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A catalyst of great interest to the scientific community tries to unite the structure of ordered pore diameter from mesoporous materials with the properties of stability and acid activity to microporous zeolites. Thus a large number of materials was developed in the past decades, which although being reported as zeolites intrinsically they fail to comply with some relevant characteristics to zeolites, and recently were named zeolitic materials of high accessibility. Among the various synthesis strategies employed, the present research approaches the synthesis methods of crystallization of silanized protozeolitic units and the method of protozeolitic units molded around surfactant micelles, in order for get materials defined as hierarchical zeolites and micro-mesoporous hybrid materials, respectively. As goal BEA/MCM-41 hybrid catalysts with bimodal pore structure formed by nuclei of zeolite Beta and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium were developed. As also was successfully synthesized the hierarchical Beta zeolite having a secondary porosity, in addition to the typical and uniform zeolite micropores. Both catalysts were applied in reactions of catalytic cracking of high density polyethylene (HDPE), to evaluate its properties in catalytic activity, aiming at the recycling of waste plastics to obtain high value-added raw materials and fuels. The BEA/MCM-41 hybrid materials with 0 days of pre-crystallization did not show enough properties for use in catalytic cracking reactions, but they showed superior catalytic properties compared to those ordered mesoporous materials of Al-MCM-41 type. The structure of Beta zeolite with hierarchical porosity leads the accessibility of HDPE bulky molecules to active centers, due to high external area. And provides higher conversion to hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, especially olefins which have great interest in the petrochemical industry