Comportamento contrátil de barreiras selantes de solo estabilizado para base de lagoas de tratamento

Liners were proposed as subsoil contamination protection devices for waste disposal sites. In the rural environment, they can be used to construct pond bottoms for liquid waste treatment, but the construction needs to be quick and cheap. A good technical solution for these situations is the use of local soil compacted with low quantities of cement or lime, obtaining good properties for this purpose. These barriers need special care about their contraction behavior which may compromise its use. This work shows the results of contraction tests in sandy soil specimens and others stabilized with lime and with cement. Soil structure changes during cure time were checked using electronic scan microscopy. Results show maximum soil contraction of 0.648% for specimen with 14 days cure process. After twenty eight days of cure the contraction values were lower than 0.5%, which classifies the material as of low contraction. Electronic scan image shows significant material structure alteration up to seven days cure. Results show that studied mixtures had appropriate contraction behavior for liner usage.

Comportamento cinético do cloro livre em meio aquoso e formação de subprodutos da desinfecção

One indirect approach to predict the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential for a given water source is by evaluation of the kinetic behavior of free chlorine in the liquid phase and chlorine demand determination for different operation conditions of the chlorination process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the kinetic behavior of free chlorine in water or a number of different raw water sources, as well as to investigate the impact of the coagulation process on chlorine demand reduction and DBP formation. It was observed that the higher the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency through coagulation, the lower the liquid phase chlorine demand. Regarding trihalomethane (THM) formation, a ratio of 28 ug/L formed per mg/L of applied chlorine was observed for the waters employed in the experimental investigation.

Trabalho de docência e comportamento micro-organizacional: A motivação do docente na área da saúde

Using the motivograma and interviews the degree of motivation of the survey participants was defined as satisfactory. On one hand there is satisfaction with the physiological needs, self-esteem and self confidence, on the other there is high dissatisfaction with the association and self-realization, justifying the request for strengthening the membership and performance improvements in the research area. Linking up security and association with the other ones group protection sentiments and work environment dependence sentiments prevail. It was concluded that: (1) Those satisfied ones declare that they are safe, protected and with good self-esteem doing their teaching work. The ones dissatisfied with the non-group belonging demonstrate dissatisfaction with the self-realization and expose their difficulties with social ties and the lack of integration in the teaching work. (3) The degree of motivation satisfactory is related to the satisfaction of basic needs, located in the first steps of Maslow's hierarchy. Accepting that the changes in higher education require motivated behaviors, the question arises: how can the motivation in teaching work be possible if the majority of organizations do not find a way to deal with the person of the Professor? Finally, the context of work is predominant in the provision of job satisfaction in teaching.

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros em terminação a pasto

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake behavior of lambs in pasture systems: (1) lambs kept with their dams in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) without supplementation; (2) lambs kept with their dams in the same pasture but supplemented in creep feeding; (3) lambs kept with their dams in the same pasture but supplemented in creep grazing with white clover. Three evaluations of intake behavior were performed to check the activities carried out by animals (grazing, rumination, suckling and other activities). Grazing, rumination and other activities times were different (p < 0.05) for non-supplemented lambs. For these lambs, grazing and rumination times were longer than other activities time compared to other systems. Creep feeding reduced grazing time (p < 0.05), probably due to easy access and quality of concentrate. Lambs in creep grazing had reduced (p < 0.05) rumination time. Bite mass in creep grazing was higher (p < 0.05), probably due to easy harvesting of leaves by lambs. It was concluded that the production system affects feeding strategy of lambs and the preference for legumes suggests the use of creep grazing for finishing lambs.

Comportamento exploratório de potros e éguas mediante a introdução de novos objetos em seu meio

Exploratory behavior is done by animals to increase their interaction to the environment after be stimulated by curiosity, when animal feels that is in a secured place. The objective of this study was to evaluate exploratory behavior of foals front of introduction of new objects in their environment. Four foals and mares were observed in seven day sections of 60 minutes each one, always with a new object. No differences were verified about frequencies of looking, going to or touching into foals and mares. Total time of touching was 45,6 minutes, divided in 64 touches, mainly in first 20 minutes of each observation. However there is no statistical difference into solitary or impaired approaches and in impaired approaches there is no differences into foals or mares initiatives, foals done more solitary approaches than mares. Four animals touched the objects in first place, suggesting predisposition to this position based in individual differences. So, we concluded that new objects can stimulate similarly foals and mares to exhibit exploratory behavior, but foals show more manipulation activity, suggesting that are more curious than mares and predisposition to touch objects first depends of individual differences.

Ensaio randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado de anestesia tópica induzida por iontoforese de lidocaína

Introduction: Needle infi ltration of local anesthetic is a painful procedure, thus, a topical anesthetic is a comfortable alternative; however, it is diffi cult to deliver transcutaneous polar drugs. Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique that uses electrical current for releasing electrically charged drugs through biological membranes. Objective: To evaluate the anesthesia induced by iontophoresis of lidocaine for a standardized painful stimulus. Material and methods: Randomized, controlled, double-blind study, involving 10 volunteers under the anesthetic effects of topical application of lidocaine gel 2% and noradrenaline 1:50,000, with or without iontophoresis of 1.85 milliamps for 13 minutes. Pain sensitivity was evaluated by the prick of a 21G needle in the arms posterior region, using a visual numerical scale. Results: Patients mean age was 50.8 ± 11.4 years. Nine of them were women. All had previously received infi ltrative anesthesia. Iontophoresis was well tolerated by volunteers. The median pain scores were 0 and 3 for the arm that received the iontophoresis and for the one that did not receive, respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The anesthetic effect in the region subjected to iontophoresis suggests an effi cient and comfortable method for promoting local anesthesia in the surgical approach of pediatric, hyperalgic, or needlephobic patients.

Comportamento sócio-sexual e de manutenção de touros nelore durante a estação de monta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produtos naturais no comportamento defensivo de Apis mellifera L.

The goal was to investigate the influence of natural products such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), dried avocado leaves (Persea americana), coffee husk (Coffea arabica) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) in the defense of Apis mellifera, as well the effect of these products on the population development of the beehive. Defensive behavior was evaluated by time of first sting (TFS) and number of stingers (NS), and population development, by open brood area and operculated brood. It was observed that the treatment with smoke + seven castor beans presented significant increase in the TFS, for treatment without and with smoke. Regarding NS, it was verified that the treatments with smoke + seven castor bean and smoke + 20% coffee husk were different from the treatment without and with smoke. The other treatments did not differ significantly with respect to the use of smoke or its absence. The application of coffee husk and castor bean did not interfere in the development of the population, suggesting that these compounds were not toxic. It can be concluded that the use of castor bean and coffee husk in smoke may represent an important tool for the reduction of defensiveness, without promoting toxicity for A. mellifera.

Conhecimento Odontológico e Comportamento de Retorno de Escolares em Função do Tipo de Instituição (Pública ou Privada)

Objective: To evaluate the dental knowledge and attendance of elementary schoolchildren according to the type of institution (public or private). Method: The sample was composed of 800 children from the 5th to 8th grades of the elementary education. The research instrument was a questionnaire composed of open questions referring to the last recall visit, type and importance of the recall visit, and knowledge of dental caries and periodontal disease. Descriptive statistical analysis was done and the chisquared test was used with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the students from the different institutions regarding the time (p=0.001) and main reason (p=0.001) of the last visit to the dentist, knowledge of the need of periodic visits to the dentist (p=0.001), importance (p=0.001) and frequency (p=0.001) of periodic recalls, and knowledge of dental caries (p=0.001) and periodontal disease (p=0.001). Conclusion: The adolescents presented different dental knowledge and attendance, according to the type of teaching institution.

Conflitos conjugais e seus efeitos sobre o comportamento de crianças: Uma revisão teórica

Marital conflicts have been largely investigated in research, especially because of its impact on child development. Based on a literature review, this article aims to present some reflections about marital conflicts and its possible associations with children's behavior, particularly through parental practices. Emphasis is made on a systemic view of causality between marital conflict and child behavior, which offers a better comprehension of the family functioning. This perspective also allows us to enlarge the analysis scope beyond linear correlations between both variables.

Comportamento do mercado de terras no Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía

Utilização de componentes principais para analisar o comportamento do cafeeiro a pleno sol e sombreado

The aim of this work is to describe the behavior of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grown for nine years under organic management systems in full sun and shaded by banana trees (Musa sp.) and Erythrina verna Vell., in Valença, RJ. We performed a joint evaluation of vegetative characteristics, nutritional content and yield, with the aid of a principal component analysis. Twelve treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications in a split plot. The plots evaluated farming systems in full sun and shade, and the subplots consisted of the following varieties of coffee: Tupi IAC 1669-33, MG 6851, IAC 3282 Icatu, Catucaí 2SL, Obatã IAC 1669-20; lineage IAC IAC 144. After five years we assessed the following variables, height, stem and canopy diameter, leaf area, number of branches, number of nodes per branch, number of leaves present, the distance between nodes, the percentage of green,ripe and dried fruit, number of dead plants, number of plants with death of the apical bud, coffee yield, and foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. A multivariate analysis efficiently discriminates the variables in full sun and shaded cropping systems. Shading increases the percentage of green fruit, leaf area, height, diameter, distance between nodes, number of leaves on the branches, number of branches and leaf N content, but does not reduce the level of productivity when the shade is adequate.

Avaliação de grupo de intervenção para as mães/cuidadores de crianças pré-escolares com problemas de comportamento externalizantes

Negative parental practices may influence the onset and maintenance of externalizing behavior problems, and positive parenting seem to improve children's social skills and reduce behavior problems. The objective of the present study was to describe the effects of an intervention designed to foster parents' social skills related to upbringing practices in order to reduce externalizing problems in children aged 4 to 6 years. Thirteen mothers and two care taker grandmothers took part in the study with an average of four participants per group. To assess intervention effects, we used a repeated measure design with control, pre, and post intervention assessments. Instruments used were: (a) An interview schedule that evaluates the social interactions between parents and children functionally, considering each pair of child's and parent's behaviors as context for one another; (b) A Social Skills Inventory; (c) Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL. Intervention was effective in improving parent general social skills, decreasing negative parental practices and decreasing child behavior problems.

Práticas educativas parentais e repertório comportamental infantil: Comparando crianças diferenciadas pelo comportamento

Identifying parental practices contingent to the behavior of children is important to support interventions. This study compares parental disciplinary practices with the behavior of children in a clinical group with behavioral problems (n = 27) and of a group of children without behavioral problems (n = 26). The criterion to assign children in the clinical and non-clinical groups was obtained from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Information concerning parents-children interaction was obtained through the application of the Parental Educative Social Skills Interview Script (RE-HSE-P), which evaluates positive and negative educational practices, context, behavioral problems and children's social skills. Qualitative and quantitative analyses (Mann Whitney's test) were used in the groups' comparison. The results indicate that behaviors that differentiate between the clinical and non-clinical groups are mainly those related to positive educational practices and children's social skills.

A emergência da noção de comportamento simbólico em neuropsicopatologia

In this article, we present the notion of symbolic behavior in accordance with neuropsychopathology research from the first decades of the past century, carried out particularly in the context of aphasia research. The guiding axis was the presence of this notion in the first work by Merleau-Ponty, The structure of behavior. Based on research by Gelb and Goldstein, the philosopher takes ownership of the semantics of the symbolic and characterizes human corporality based on its capacity to move beyond the immediate nature of the experienced situations. We also show that the circumscription of symbolic behavior was conditioned by theoretical-methodological changes that permitted the passage from localizationist conceptions to globalist attitudes in view of pathological events of cerebral origin.