Transnacionalização das relações de trabalho: o caso da maquila estadunidense Johnson Controls (plantas FINSA e interiores) e o papel da Federação Internacional de Trabalhadores das Indústrias Metalúrgicas (FITIM)

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

A insurreição contestada: William Styron e As confissões de Nat Turner

This work presents intricacies of "truth" in the historical novel Confessions of Nat Turner, by William Styron, considering the point-of-view of the novel's narrator. When speaking about the black, Styron somehow keeps the white's perspective, and also perpetuates the distance created by the slavery and segregationist system of the United States of America.

A revisão do complexo de William Wilson em O médico e o monstro, de Robert Louis Stevenson

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de fósforo e potássio na implantação de Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living

The evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection with increasing social complexity. Second, there is no single road map to eusociality; independent evolutionary transitions in sociality have independent genetic underpinnings. Third, though clearly independent in detail, these transitions do have similar general features, including an increase in constrained protein evolution accompanied by increases in the potential for gene regulation and decreases in diversity and abundance of transposable elements. Eusociality may arise through different mechanisms each time, but would likely always involve an increase in the complexity of gene networks.

Necrólise epidérmica tóxica/síndrome de Stevens Johnson: emergência em dermatologia pediátrica

Contexto: É descrito caso clínico de farmacodermia grave e de alta letalidade, cujo reconhecimento imediato é fundamental. Relato decaso: Paciente do sexo masculino de três anos de idade, cuja mãe refere histórico de crises convulsivas, consultou-se com neurologistaparticular, que prescreveu ácido valproico. Uma semana depois, voltou a ter crise convulsiva, sendo então introduzida lamotrigina.Poucos dias depois, a criança começou apresentar tosse e coriza hialina. Procurou pronto-socorro de sua cidade e foi orientada a usarfluimucil. Iniciou, então, febre e exantema máculo-papular inicialmente na face, que depois se generalizou. Foi levantada a hipótesediagnóstica de farmacodermia secundária à associação de anticonvulsivante. Discussão: Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson e necróliseepidérmica tóxica são variantes do mesmo processo mucocutâneo agudo, raro e grave, causado principalmente por reação adversaa fármacos e caracterizado por erupção cutânea macular de padrão eritematoso, formação de bolhas de conteúdo sero-hemático edestacamento epidérmico. As afecções são diferenciadas pela porcentagem de superfície corpórea acometida, sendo menor que10% na síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, e maior que 30% na necrólise epidérmica tóxica. O prognóstico pode ser estimado através doescore Severity Illness Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN), que prevê mortalidade de até 90% para os casos mais graves.O tratamento consiste na interrupção imediata da droga, transferência do paciente para unidade de queimados ou unidade de terapiaintensiva, e medidas de suporte. Terapias adjuvantes, como imunoglobulinas intravenosas e corticosteroides, ainda não têm papelconsolidado na literatura. Conclusões: Relata-se afecção rara e extremamente grave cuja suspeição clínica é importante na conduçãodo tratamento.

David Bancroft Johnson Travel Journals - Accession 32 - M9 (32)

The David Bancroft Johnson Travel Journals Collection consists of a diary of a trip taken by David Bancroft Johnson, Founder and First President of Winthrop, to Belgium, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, France, England, and Scotland during October- December 1908. The journals contains descriptions of areas visited, social life and customs. Also included is a description of his trip to Denver, Colorado in July 1909 in which he describes the area and its people.

William Douglas Beer - Accession 290 - M123 (156)

The William Douglas Beer Journals collection consists of photocopied journals which are accounts of Mr. Beer’s preparation for and participation in World War I. The journal gives an account of the hardships of war and its effects on American soldiers. Willie Beer was born in Columbia, Missouri on September 20, 1891 and died on February 4, 1950.

William Joseph Miller Civil War Reminiscence - Accession 41 - M16 (26)

The collection consists of a photocopy of a typescript account of William Joseph Miller’s experiences as a soldier in the Confederate army, 12th Regiment, South Carolina Volunteers detailing his role in campaigns in South Carolina, Virginia and Maryland. Also included is a genealogy of William Joseph Miller’s family with his dates of birth and death and a photograph of Miller.

Omtvedt Innovation Awards Presented to Chris Calkins, Steven Jones, Rodger Johnson, and Sheila Scheideler

It's a great pleasure to welcome you to this very first recognition ceremony for the Omtvedt Innovation Awards. We are present here to honor innovation strengths of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and certainly the four faculty members receiving today's awards are greatly deserving of this recognition. Just hearing about their work is gratifying!

A Memorial for William V. Sliter

William V. (Bill) Sliter, an internationally known micropaleontologist and research geologist for the U.S. Geological Survey, passed away suddenly, October, 1997, while talking to a colleague in his office. In his honor, B. Huber, T. Bralower, and M. Leckie organized a keynote symposium ‘‘Paleoecological and Geochemical Signatures of Cretaceous Anoxic Events’’ at the 1998 annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Toronto, Canada. This theme issue of the Journal of Foraminiferal Research contains the published papers from the symposium and is dedicated to his memory.

The Probe, Issue 174 – March 1997

Outwitting Urban Beaver, by C. E. "Ki" Faulkner, Regional Director, Region 0, NADCA Bear Gets Attention in Southeast Chinese disease Threatens Rabbits Product Announcements: BEAR BE GONE™ -- a device designed to deter bears from foraging in trash cans. Booklet: "Using Guard Animals to Protect Livestock" Abstracts Published at the 3rd Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society: A case study of black bear movements and survival after landfill closure in the central Adirondacks, by Ann M. Russell and S.L. Simek Ecology of coyotes in a sheep ranching environment, by Ben N. Sacks, J.C.C. Neale, M. Jaeger, and D. R. McCullough Design and analysis of carnivore scent-station surveys, by Glen Sargeant, Douglas H. Johnson, and William Berg Public attitudes toward wildlife damage management, by Robert H. Schmidt, M.W. Brunson, andD. Reiter Human dimensions of wildlife contraception, by Robert H. Schmidt and D. E. Mclvor Economic assessment of rabies control efforts in Texas, by Randy M. Smith Methyl salicylate: a naturally occurring avian repellent, by Shirley Wager-Page A brief historical perspective on wildlife contraception research, by Robert J. Warren Wildlife-caused losses to agriculture in 1994, by Alice P. Wywialowski

NUTRITIONAL BALANCE, ESSENTIAL OIL AND WOOD PRODUCTION FROM Corymbia citriodora Hill & Johnson WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS

The Corymbia citriodora is one of the most important forest species in Brazil and the reason is the diversity of its use, because it produces good quality wood and the leaves may be used for essential oil production. Although, there are not many studies about species and the handling effect in the nutritional balance. This study aimed to evaluate the biomass production and nutrient balance in the conventional production of essential oil and wood of Corymbia citriodora with sewage sludge application. The experiment design established was the randomized blocks, with four replicates and two treatments: 1 - fertilization with 10 tons ha(-1) (dry mass) of sewage sludge, supplemented with K and B, and 2 - mineral fertilization. It was evaluated the aerial biomass production, the nutrient export of the leaves, the essential oil and wood production at four years old. The trees that received application of sewage sludge produced 20 % more leaves biomass than the trees with mineral fertilization, resulting in larger oil production. Besides, the trees with sewage sludge application produced 14.2 tons ha(-1) yr(-1) of woody biomass that was 27 % higher than the treatment with mineral fertilization. For both treatments the N balance was negative, but treatment with sewage sludge application (-45 kg ha(-1)) was four times lower than the observed on mineral fertilization treatment (-185 kg ha(-1)). It may be concluded in this paper that the application of sewage sludge benefits the production of leaves biomass, essential oil and wood, besides result better nutritional balance of the Corymbia citriodora production system.

Studio e caratterizzazione del colore rosso dell'epicarpo nella pera Max Red Bartlett, mutante della cv William

Durante il secolo scorso sono state individuate alcune mutazioni per il colore della buccia della varietà William che invece di essere giallo arriva a maturazione con diverse tonalità di colore rosso. L’intensità e la tipologia del fenotipo dovuto a questa mutazione mostra una variabilità all’interno dei diversi cloni rossi di questa cultivar: Max Red Bartlett, Rosired e Sensation. Questa mutazione è ereditabile e usando come genitore uno dei sopra-citati mutanti per il rosso sono state prodotte altre cultivar caratterizzate da buccia rossa come Cascade. Max Red Bartlett presenta una intensa colorazione rossa nelle prime fasi di maturazione per poi striarsi perdendo di lucentezza e non ricoprendo totalmente la superficie del frutto. Max Red Bartlett ha inoltre il problema di regressione del colore. Questa mutazione infatti non è stabile e dopo qualche anno può regredire e presentare il fenotipo di William. Diverso è invece lo sviluppo per esempio di Rosired che durante le prime fasi di accrescimento del frutto è identica a Williams (di colore verde con la parte del frutto rivolta verso il sole leggermente rossastra) per poi virare e mantenere un vivo colore rosso su tutta la superficie del frutto. Questa tesi si è proposta di caratterizzare questa mutazione che coinvolge in qualche modo la via biosintetica per la sintesi del colore. In particolare si è cercato di investigare sui probabili geni della via degli antociani coinvolti e in quale modo vengono espressi durante la maturazione del frutto, inoltre si è cercato di trovare quali specifiche molecole venissero diversamente sintetizzate. Le cultivar utilizzate sono state William e Max Red Bartlett. Di quest’ultima era già disponibile una mappa molecolare, ottenuta sulla popolazione di’incrocio di Abate Fetel (gialla) x MRB (rossa) con AFLP e SSR, quest’ultimi hanno permesso di denominare i diversi linkage group grazie alla sintenia con le altre mappe di pero e di melo. I semenzali appartenenti a questa popolazione, oltre a dimostrare l’ereditarietà del carattere, erano per il 50% gialli e 50% rossi. Questo ha permesso il mappaggio di questo carattere/mutazione che si è posizionato nel linkage group 4. Una ricerca in banca dati eseguita in parallelo ha permesso di trovare sequenze di melo dei geni coinvolti nella via biosintetica degli antociani (CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS e UFGT), sulle quali è stato possibile disegnare primer degenerati che amplificassero su DNA genomico di pero. Le amplificazioni hanno dato frammenti di lunghezza diversa. Infatti nel caso di F3H e DFR l’altissima omologia tra melo e pero ha permesso l’amplificazione quasi totale del gene, negli altri casi invece è stato necessario utilizzare primer sempre più vicini in modo da facilitare l’amplificazione. I frammenti ottenuti sono stati clonati sequenziati per confermare la specificità degli amplificati. Non sono stati evidenziati polimorfismi di sequenza in nessuna delle sei sequenze tra William e Max Red Bartlett e nessun polimorfismo con Abate, per questo motivo non è stato possibile mapparli e vedere se qualcuno di questi geni era localizzato nella medesima posizione in cui era stato mappato il “colore/mutazione”. Sulle le sequenze ottenute è stato possibile disegnare altri primer, questa volta specifici, sia per analisi d’espressione. Inizialmente è stato sintetizzato il cDNA dei geni suddetti per retrotrascrizione da RNA estratto sia da bucce sia da foglie appena germogliate (le quali presentano solo in questa fase una colorazione rossastra in MRB ma non in William). Al fine di osservare come varia l’espressione dei geni della via biosintetica delle antocianine durante la fase di maturazione dei frutti, sono stati fatti 4 campionamenti, il primo a 45gg dalla piena fioritura, poi a 60, 90, 120 giorni. Foglie e bucce sono state prelevate in campo e poste immediatamente in azoto liquido. Dai risultati con Real Time è emerso che vi è una maggiore espressione nelle prime fasi di sviluppo in Max Red Bartlett per poi calare enormemente in giugno. Si potrebbe ipotizzare che ci sia una reazione di feed back da parte della piante considerando che in questa fase il frutto non si accresce. I livelli di espressione poi aumentano verso la fase finale della maturazione del frutto. In agosto, con l’ultimo campionamento vi è una espressione assai maggiore in Max Red Bartlett per quei geni posti a valle della via biosintetica per la sintesi delle antocianine. Questo risultato è confermato anche dal livello di espressione che si riscontra nelle foglie. In cui i geni F3H, LDOX e UFGT hanno un livello di espressione nettamente maggiore in Max Red Bartlett rispetto a William. Recentemente Takos et al (2006) hanno pubblicato uno studio su un gene regolatore della famiglia Myb e ciò ha permesso di ampliare i nostri studi anche su questo gene. L’altissima omologia di sequenza, anche a livello di introni, non ha permesso di individuare polimorfismi tra le varietà Abate Fetel e Max Red Bartlett, per nessun gene ad eccezione proprio del gene regolatore Myb. I risultati ottenuti in questa tesi dimostrano che in pero l’espressione relativa del gene Myb codificante per una proteina regolatrice mostra una netta sovra-espressione nel primo stadio di maturazione del frutto, in Max Red Bartlett 25 volte maggiore che in William. All’interno della sequenza del gene un polimorfismo prodotto da un microsatellite ha permesso il mappaggio del gene nel linkage group 9 in Max Red Bartlett e in Abate Fetel. Confrontando questo dato di mappa con quello del carattere morfologico rosso, mappato nel linkage group 4, si deduce che la mutazione non agisce direttamente sulla sequenza di questo gene regolatore, benché sia espresso maggiormente in Max Red Bartlett rispetto a William ma agisca in un altro modo ancora da scoprire. Infine per entrambe le varietà (William e Max Red Bartlett) sono state effettuate analisi fenotipiche in diversi step. Innanzi tutto si è proceduto con una analisi preliminare in HPLC per osservare se vi fossero differenze nella produzione di composti con assorbenza specifica delle antocianine e dei flavonoidi in generale. Si è potuto quindi osservare la presenza di due picchi in Max Red Bartlett ma non in William. La mancanza di standard che coincidessero con i picchi rilevati dallo spettro non ha permesso in questa fase di fare alcuna ipotesi riguardo alla loro natura. Partendo da questo risultato l’investigazione è proceduta attraverso analisi di spettrometria di massa associate ad una cromatografia liquida identificando con una certa precisione due composti: la cianidina-3-0-glucoside e la quercitina-3-o-glucoside. In particolare la cianidina sembra essere la molecola responsabile della colorazione della buccia nei frutti di pero. Successive analisi sono state fatte sempre con lo spettrometro di massa ma collegato ad un gas cromatografo per verificare se vi fossero delle differenze anche nella produzione di zuccheri e più in generale di molecole volatili. L’assenza di variazioni significative ha dimostrato che la mutazione coinvolge solo il colore della buccia e non le caratteristiche gustative e organolettiche di William che restano inalterate nel mutante.

Bioremediation of PAHs - Limitations and soultions

Introduction 1.1 Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment Worldwide industrial and agricultural developments have released a large number of natural and synthetic hazardous compounds into the environment due to careless waste disposal, illegal waste dumping and accidental spills. As a result, there are numerous sites in the world that require cleanup of soils and groundwater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major groups of these contaminants (Da Silva et al., 2003). PAHs constitute a diverse class of organic compounds consisting of two or more aromatic rings with various structural configurations (Prabhu and Phale, 2003). Being a derivative of benzene, PAHs are thermodynamically stable. In addition, these chemicals tend to adhere to particle surfaces, such as soils, because of their low water solubility and strong hydrophobicity, and this results in greater persistence under natural conditions. This persistence coupled with their potential carcinogenicity makes PAHs problematic environmental contaminants (Cerniglia, 1992; Sutherland, 1992). PAHs are widely found in high concentrations at many industrial sites, particularly those associated with petroleum, gas production and wood preserving industries (Wilson and Jones, 1993). 1.2 Remediation technologies Conventional techniques used for the remediation of soil polluted with organic contaminants include excavation of the contaminated soil and disposal to a landfill or capping - containment - of the contaminated areas of a site. These methods have some drawbacks. The first method simply moves the contamination elsewhere and may create significant risks in the excavation, handling and transport of hazardous material. Additionally, it is very difficult and increasingly expensive to find new landfill sites for the final disposal of the material. The cap and containment method is only an interim solution since the contamination remains on site, requiring monitoring and maintenance of the isolation barriers long into the future, with all the associated costs and potential liability. A better approach than these traditional methods is to completely destroy the pollutants, if possible, or transform them into harmless substances. Some technologies that have been used are high-temperature incineration and various types of chemical decomposition (for example, base-catalyzed dechlorination, UV oxidation). However, these methods have significant disadvantages, principally their technological complexity, high cost , and the lack of public acceptance. Bioremediation, on the contrast, is a promising option for the complete removal and destruction of contaminants. 1.3 Bioremediation of PAH contaminated soil & groundwater Bioremediation is the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to degrade or detoxify hazardous wastes into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water and cell biomass Most PAHs are biodegradable unter natural conditions (Da Silva et al., 2003; Meysami and Baheri, 2003) and bioremediation for cleanup of PAH wastes has been extensively studied at both laboratory and commercial levels- It has been implemented at a number of contaminated sites, including the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1989, the Mega Borg spill off the Texas coast in 1990 and the Burgan Oil Field, Kuwait in 1994 (Purwaningsih, 2002). Different strategies for PAH bioremediation, such as in situ , ex situ or on site bioremediation were developed in recent years. In situ bioremediation is a technique that is applied to soil and groundwater at the site without removing the contaminated soil or groundwater, based on the provision of optimum conditions for microbiological contaminant breakdown.. Ex situ bioremediation of PAHs, on the other hand, is a technique applied to soil and groundwater which has been removed from the site via excavation (soil) or pumping (water). Hazardous contaminants are converted in controlled bioreactors into harmless compounds in an efficient manner. 1.4 Bioavailability of PAH in the subsurface Frequently, PAH contamination in the environment is occurs as contaminants that are sorbed onto soilparticles rather than in phase (NAPL, non aqueous phase liquids). It is known that the biodegradation rate of most PAHs sorbed onto soil is far lower than rates measured in solution cultures of microorganisms with pure solid pollutants (Alexander and Scow, 1989; Hamaker, 1972). It is generally believed that only that fraction of PAHs dissolved in the solution can be metabolized by microorganisms in soil. The amount of contaminant that can be readily taken up and degraded by microorganisms is defined as bioavailability (Bosma et al., 1997; Maier, 2000). Two phenomena have been suggested to cause the low bioavailability of PAHs in soil (Danielsson, 2000). The first one is strong adsorption of the contaminants to the soil constituents which then leads to very slow release rates of contaminants to the aqueous phase. Sorption is often well correlated with soil organic matter content (Means, 1980) and significantly reduces biodegradation (Manilal and Alexander, 1991). The second phenomenon is slow mass transfer of pollutants, such as pore diffusion in the soil aggregates or diffusion in the organic matter in the soil. The complex set of these physical, chemical and biological processes is schematically illustrated in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, biodegradation processes are taking place in the soil solution while diffusion processes occur in the narrow pores in and between soil aggregates (Danielsson, 2000). Seemingly contradictory studies can be found in the literature that indicate the rate and final extent of metabolism may be either lower or higher for sorbed PAHs by soil than those for pure PAHs (Van Loosdrecht et al., 1990). These contrasting results demonstrate that the bioavailability of organic contaminants sorbed onto soil is far from being well understood. Besides bioavailability, there are several other factors influencing the rate and extent of biodegradation of PAHs in soil including microbial population characteristics, physical and chemical properties of PAHs and environmental factors (temperature, moisture, pH, degree of contamination). Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing possible rate-limiting processes during bioremediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants in a contaminated soil-water system (not to scale) (Danielsson, 2000). 1.5 Increasing the bioavailability of PAH in soil Attempts to improve the biodegradation of PAHs in soil by increasing their bioavailability include the use of surfactants , solvents or solubility enhancers.. However, introduction of synthetic surfactant may result in the addition of one more pollutant. (Wang and Brusseau, 1993).A study conducted by Mulder et al. showed that the introduction of hydropropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPCD), a well-known PAH solubility enhancer, significantly increased the solubilization of PAHs although it did not improve the biodegradation rate of PAHs (Mulder et al., 1998), indicating that further research is required in order to develop a feasible and efficient remediation method. Enhancing the extent of PAHs mass transfer from the soil phase to the liquid might prove an efficient and environmentally low-risk alternative way of addressing the problem of slow PAH biodegradation in soil.