Carbon footprint of recycled paper

Industrial production of pulp and paper is an intensive consumer of energy, natural resources, and chemicals that result in a big carbon footprint of the final product. At present companies and industries aspire to calculate their gas emissions into the atmosphere in order to afterwards reduce atmospheric contamination. One of the approaches allowing to increase carbon burden from the pulp and paper manufacture is paper recycling. The general purpose of the current paper is to establish methods of quantifying and minimizing the carbon footprint of paper. The first target of this research is to derive a mathematical relationship between virgin fibre requirements with respect to the amount of recycled paper used in the pulp. One more purpose is to establish a model to be used to clarify the contribution of recycling and transportation to decreasing carbon dioxide emissions. For this study sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the robustness of obtained results. The results of the present study show that an increasing of recycling rate does not always lead to minimizing the carbon footprint. Additionally, we derived that transportation of waste paper throughout distances longer than 5800 km has no sense because the use of that paper will only increase carbon dioxide emissions and it is better to reject recycling at all. Finally, we designed the model for organization of a new supply chain of paper product to a customer. The models were implemented as reusable MATLAB frameworks.

The best practices in the formation phase of Sino-Finnish joint ventures in China: For Finnish software companies

This study discusses the formation phase of Chinese-Finnish joint ventures in China. The purpose of this thesis is to create best practices for Finnish software companies in forming a joint venture with a local Chinese company in China. Therefore, the main research question, in what are the best practices for forming Sino-Finnish joint ventures in China for Finnish software firms, is examined through four different themes within the joint venture formation phase; the motives, the partner se- lection, the choice of a joint venture type and joint venture negotiations. The theoretical background of the study consists of literature relating to the establishment process of Sino-Western joint ventures in China. The empirical research conducted for this study is based on the expert interviews. The empirical data was gathered via nine semi-structured interviews with both Chinese and Finnish experts in software and technology industry, who have experience or knowledge in establishing Sino-Finnish joint ventures in China. Thematic analysis was used to cat- egorize and interpret the interview data. In addition, a thematic network was built to act as a basis of the analysis. According to the main findings, the main motives for Finnish software companies to establish a joint venture in China are lack of skills or experience, little resources to enter on their own, and China’s large market. The main motives for Chinese companies are to gain new technology or man- agerial skills, and expand internationally. The intellectual property rights (IPR) have recently im- proved a lot in China, but the Finnish companies’ knowledge on IPR is inadequate. The Finnish software companies should conduct a market and industry research in order to understand their po- sition in the market and to find a suitable location and potential joint venture partners. It is essential to define partner selection criteria and partner attributes. In addition, it is important to build the joint venture around complementary motives and a win-win situation between the joint venture partners. The Finnish companies should be prepared that the joint venture negotiations will be challenging and they will take a long time. The challenges can be overcome by gaining understanding about the Chinese culture and business environment. The findings of this study enhance understanding of the joint venture formation phase in China. This study provides guidelines for Finnish software companies to establish a joint venture in China. In addition, this study brings new insights to the Sino-Western joint venture literature with its soft- ware industry context. Future research is, however, necessary in order to gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of a joint venture as an entry mode into China for Finnish soft- ware companies

Sustainable Development – the Key to Competitiveness CSR as an added value to Alstom’s corporate performance

Corporate social responsibility or CSR is today a widely recognized concept which is receiving in- creasing popularity extremely rapidly, especially in the business world. The pressure on companies to carry out their business practices in ethical manners, which promote the wellbeing of the environment and society, is coming from all directions and all stakeholders. Alstom, a French multinational conglomerate operating in the rail transport and energy industry, is no exception to this norm. This company, which will be used as the case example in this thesis, is being brought to bay in terms of engaging in CSR practices and practicing business with high ethics. It is surely not a negatively conceived phenomenon that CSR is being put on a pedestal – quite the opposite. Instead of corporations practicing CSR only to meet their stakeholder requirements through practicing window dressing, many corporations actually strive to benefit from the practice of corporate social business. In addition to bringing benefit to externals a corporation such as Alstom itself can benefit from being involved in CSR. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the current strategic values and the future perspectives of CSR at Alstom and moreover the added value which the practice of CSR could bring Alstom as a business. A set of perspectives from a futures studies viewpoint is looked at, with critical examination of the company’s current corporate practices as well as the CSR related studies and theories written for corporations. Through this, some solutions and practices will be suggested to Alstom in order for it to fully utilize the potential of corporate social business and the value it can bring in the most probable futures that the company is expected to face. By utilizing the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), a method mainly used in organizations to solve problematic issues in management and policy contexts, a process is developed to see what improvements could be of help in improving Alstom and its way towards involving CSR in its business practices even more than it currently does. Alstom is already deeply involved in the practicing of CSR and its vision has a strong emphasis on this popular concept of today. In order to stay in the game and to use CSR as a competitive advantage to the company, Alstom ought to embed corporate social practices even deeper in its organizational culture by using them as a tool to reduce risk and costs, increasing employee commitment and customer loyalty and to attract socially responsible investors, just to name a few. CSR as a concept is seen to have great potential in the future, an opportunity Alstom will not miss.

FUTURES OF FINNISH FOOD SYSTEM BY 2050. The perspective of resilience

Modern food systems face complex global challenges such as climate change, resource scarcities, population growth, concentration and globalization. It is not possible to forecast how all these challenges will affect food systems, but futures research methods provide possibilities to enable better understanding of possible futures and that way increases futures awareness. In this thesis, the two-round online Delphi method was utilized to research experts’ opinions about the present and the future resilience of the Finnish food system up to 2050. The first round questionnaire was constructed based on the resilience indicators developed for agroecosystems. Sub-systems in the study were primary production (main focus), food industry, retail and consumption. Based on the results from the first round, the future images were constructed for primary production and food industry sub-sections. The second round asked experts’ opinion about the future images’ probability and desirability. In addition, panarchy scenarios were constructed by using the adaptive cycle and panarchy frameworks. Furthermore, a new approach to general resilience indicators was developed combining “categories” of the social ecological systems (structure, behaviors and governance) and general resilience parameters (tightness of feedbacks, modularity, diversity, the amount of change a system can withstand, capacity of learning and self- organizing behavior). The results indicate that there are strengths in the Finnish food system for building resilience. According to experts organic farms and larger farms are perceived as socially self-organized, which can promote innovations and new experimentations for adaptation to changing circumstances. In addition, organic farms are currently seen as the most ecologically self-regulated farms. There are also weaknesses in the Finnish food system restricting resilience building. It is important to reach optimal redundancy, in which efficiency and resilience are in balance. In the whole food system, retail sector will probably face the most dramatic changes in the future, especially, when panarchy scenarios and the future images are reflected. The profitability of farms is and will be a critical cornerstone of the overall resilience in primary production. All in all, the food system experts have very positive views concerning the resilience development of the Finnish food system in the future. Sometimes small and local is beautiful, sometimes large and international is more resilient. However, when probabilities and desirability of the future images were questioned, there were significant deviations. It appears that experts do not always believe desirable futures to materialize.

Prosessiteollisuuden sekoittimen elinkaariarviointi

Työn tavoitteena oli tehdä elinkaariarviointi (LCA) prosessiteollisuuden sekoittimelle Helmix HF-80 ja analysoida LCA-tulokset, vaikutus ilmaston lämpenemisen potentiaalin (GWP) suhteen, sekä tutkia GWP-vaikutuksen pienentämisen mahdollisuuksia. Tutkittavan sekoittimen mahdolliset käyttökohteet ovat sellu- ja paperiteollisuus, raskaiden jätenesteiden käsittely, sekä muut teollisuusalueet, joissa käytetään tämän tyyppisiä laitteita. Työssä on muun muassa käsitelty sekoitusprosessit, sekoituslaitteiden tyypit, niiden rakenteiden ominaisuudet, käyttötarkoitus, toimintaperiaatteet, sekä sellu- ja paperi-teollisuudessa käytettävien sekoittimien yleiskatsaus. Työssä on myös kuvattu elinkaariarviointi (LCA) -menetelmä ja sen käyttötarkoitus. Tärkeimmistä tuloksista voi mainita sen, että sekoittimen (ilman säiliötä, sähkömoottoria ja vaihteistoa) kokoelinkaaren ilmastonlämpenemisen potentiaali (GWP) on noin 750 000 kg CO2-Equiv. Sekoittimen tuotanto- ja kierrätysaikana syntyy vain 1200 kg CO2-Equiv. ja suurin osa 748 000 kg CO2-Equiv. johtuu sähköenergian kulutuksesta käytön aikana. Käyttöajan vaikutusta voisi pienentää arvoksi 0 kg CO2-Equiv. käyttämällä pelkästään uusiutuvaa energiaa. Jos tuotantoaikana käytetty energia myös korvataan uusiutuvalla energialla, niin GWP-arvo koko elinkaaren aikana laskee arvoon 1006 kg CO2eqv., mikä on vain 0,13 % saaduista tuloksista. Suurin osa tästä arvosta liittyy sekoittimen materiaalin, tässä tapauksessa ruostumattoman teräksen tuotantoon.

Jätevesien puhdistus jätevesialtaissa jäädyttämällä - Kartoitus potentiaalisista sovellutuksista Suomessa

Uusia jäteveden puhdistusprosesseja kartoitetaan Suomessakin esimerkiksi kiristyvien päästömääräyksien vuoksi sekä parempia kustannus- ja energiatehokkuuksia tavoiteltaessa. Jätevesien puhdistus on Suomessa jo nykyään hyvällä tasolla, mutta muun muassa raskasmetallien, torjunta-aineiden, hormonien ja lääkeaineiden pitoisuuksien kasvut jätevesissä asettavat haasteita nykyisin käytössä oleville jäteveden puhdistusmenetelmille, sillä niitä ei ole suunniteltu näiden aineiden talteenottoon ja suurin osa aineista jää veteen. Lisäksi jätevedet halutaan nähdä enemmänkin resurssina kuin jätteenä, josta voidaan ottaa talteen hyödyllisiä komponentteja, kuten suoloja. Alueilla, joissa vuorokauden keskilämpötila pysyttelee edes osan vuodesta pakkasella, veden luonnollista jäätymisprosessia voidaan käyttää hyväksi jäteveden puhdistuksessa. Tässä työssä selvitettiin kiteytymisen teorian ja aikaisempien tutkimusten avulla, millaisten jätevesien puhdistukseen jäädytyskiteytys sopii sekä pohdittiin menetelmän potentiaalisia sovelluskohteita Suomessa. Jäädytyskiteytyksen todettiin olevan turvallinen ja energiatehokas ratkaisu monien koostumukseltaan erilaisien jätevesien puhdistukseen. Menetelmällä voitaneen puhdistaa öljyisiä, orgaanisia ja/tai epäorgaanisia epäpuhtauksia tai raskasmetalleja sisältäviä sekä myrkyllisiä jätevesiä. Olosuhteet prosessille ovat parhaat Pohjois-Suomessa, jossa vuorokauden keskilämpötila pysyttelee nollan alapuolella noin seitsemän kuukautta vuodesta. Etelä-Suomessa vastaava luku on kolme. Menetelmän potentiaalisia sovelluskohteita ovat esimerkiksi kaivosteollisuuden ja kaatopaikkojen jätevedet, joiden puhdistukseen jäädytyskiteytys saattaisi soveltua erinomaisesti. Jäädyttämällä voitaisiin myös puhdistaa tekstiili- ja nahkateollisuuden jätevesiä, sillä niiden sisältämien väriaineiden erottaminen vedestä on perinteisillä jäteveden puhdistusmenetelmillä usein vaikeaa tai jopa mahdotonta. Suolojen kiteyttämiseen vaadittavia korkeampia suolapitoisuuksia todettiin löytyvän lähinnä membraaniprosessien, kuten käänteisosmoosin, rejektivesistä. Sopivimmat eutektiset olosuhteet kiteyttämiseen ovat natriumsulfaatilla, kaliumsulfaatilla ja natriumkarbonaatilla. Veden luonnollisen jäätymisprosessin hyödyntäminen jätevedenpuhdistuksessa on huomionarvoinen idea. Prosessin käyttöönottoa haittaavat esimerkiksi korkeat investointikustannukset, mutta ne tulevat todennäköisesti ajan myötä teknologian kehittyessä laskemaan. Lisäksi monet prosessiin liittyvät käytännön asiat ovat vielä tutkimuksen alla. On myös huomattava, että Suomessakaan lämpötila ei pysyttele koko vuotta pakkasella, joten jäädytyksen rinnalla on oltava jokin toinen prosessi, jolla jätevedet puhdistetaan lämpötilan ollessa nollan yläpuolella.

Näin opetan lisäävää valmistusta ja 3D-tulostusta: Pohdintoja uuden teknologian opetuksesta ja koulutuksesta

Additive manufacturing (shortened as AM), or more commonly 3D printing, consists of wide variety of different modern manufacturing technologies. AM is based on direct printing of a digital 3D model to a final product which is fabricated adding material layer by layer. This is from where term additive manufacturing has its origin. It is not only material what is added, but it is also value, properties etc. which are added. AM enables production of different and even better products compared to conventional manufacturing technologies. An estimation of potential of additive manufacturing can be gathered by considering the potential of laser cutting, which is one of the most widely used modern manufacturing technologies. This technique has been used over 40 years, and whole market around this technology is at the moment c. four billion euros and yearly growth is around 10 %. One factor affecting this success of laser cutting is that laser cutting enables radical improvements to products made of flat sheet. AM and 3D printing will do the same for three dimensional parts. Laser devices, which are at the moment used in 3D printing, are globally at the moment only around 1% of all laser devices used in any fabrication technology, so even with a cautious estimate the potential growth of at least 100 % is coming in next few years. Role of education is very important, when this kind of modern technology is industrially implemented. When both generation entering to work life and also generation who has been a while in work life understands new technology, its potential and limitations, this is the point when also product design can be rethought Potential of product design is driving force for wide use of additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Utilization of additive manufacturing and 3D printing is also opportunity for Finland and Finnish industry. This technology can save Finnish manufacturing industry. This technique has stron potential, as Finland has traditionally strong industrial know-how and good ICT knowledge.

A service perspective to digital innovation: exploring the emergence of autonomous shipping

Current research describes digital innovation largely similar to product innovation. Digital innovation is seen as an object of coherent activities, however in reality digital innovation results from convergence of variant technologies and those related actors with versatile business goals. To account for the dynamic nature of digital innovation, this study applies a service perspective to digital innovation. The purpose of the study is to understand how digital innovation emerges within a service ecosystem for autonomous shipping. The sub-objectives of this study are to 1) identify what factors motivate and demotivate actors to integrate resources for autonomous shipping, 2) explore the key technology areas to be integrated to realise the autonomous shipping concept, and 3) suggest how the technology areas are combined for mutual value creation within a service eco-system for autonomous shipping. Insights from autonomous driving were also included. This study draws on literatures on service innovation and service-dominant logic. The research was conducted as a qualitative exploratory case study. The data comprise interviews of 18 marine and automotive industry experts, 4 workshops, 4 seminars, and observations as well as various secondary data sources. The findings revealed that the key actors have versatile motivations regarding autonomous shipping. These varied from opportunities for single applications to occupying a central role in an autonomous technology platform. Thus, autonomous shipping can be seen as an umbrella concept comprising multiple levels. In technical terms, the development of the concept of autonomous shipping is largely based on combining existing technology solutions, which are gradually integrated towards more systemic entities comprising areas of the autonomous shipping concept. This study argues that a service perspective embraces the inherently complex and dynamic nature of digital innovation. This is captured in the developed research framework that describes digital innovation emerging on different levels of interaction: 1. strategic relationships for new solutions, 2. new local networks for technology platforms, and 3. global networks for new markets. The framework shows how the business models and motivations of digital innovation actors feed the emergence of digital innovation in overlapping service ecosystems that together comprise an innovation ecosystem for autonomous technologies. Digital innovation managers will benefit from seeing their businesses as part of a larger ecosystem of value co-creating actors. In orchestrating digital innovation within a service ecosystem, it is suggested that managers consider the resources, roles and institutions within the ecosystem. Finally, as autonomous shipping is at its infancy, the topic provides a number of interesting avenues for future research.

Kahden lämmitysjärjestelmiä valmistavan tuotantoyksikön toimintojen yhdistäminen kustannustehokkuuden lisäämiseksi

Tämä työ käsittelee Oilon Oy:n tehtaan layout -suunnittelua, kun yhdistetään kaksi eri kiinteistössä toimivaa tuotantoyksikköä saman katon alle. Yksiköt ovat Hollolassa toimiva Oilon Home Oy ja Lahden pääkonttorissa toimiva Oilon Industry Oy. Yhdistämisellä haetaan säästöjä tuotantoyksiköiden välisistä logistiikkakuluista sekä kiinteistön vuokra- ja ylläpitokuluista ja samalla tehostetaan tehtaan sisäistä materiaalinkäsittelyä. Oilon Oy on toiminut Lahden pääkonttorissa jo yli 50 vuoden ajan ja sen tuotanto on kokenut historiansa aikana useita pienempiä muutoksia, jotka ovat jättäneet nykyiseen layoutiin paljon toivomisenvaraa. Jotta molemmat tuotantoyksiköt saadaan mahtumaan Lahden yksikköön, on sinne saatava luotua tarvittavat tilat siellä olemassa oleville toiminnoille ja Hollolan yksiköstä saapuville tuotantolinjoille. Työn alussa perehdytään kirjallisuuden avulla siihen kuinka tuotanto on kehittynyt maailmalla lähihistorian aikana, jotta voidaan paremmin ymmärtää Oilon Oy:n nykytilanteeseen johtaneita syitä. Koska Hollolasta saapuville tuotantolinjoille ei ole tarkoitus rakentaa uutta tuotantotilaa, pyritään tilaa vapauttamaan Lahden tehtaalta varastointia tehostamalla ja sen logistiikkaa helpottamalla. Tämän vuoksi vertaillaan yleisimpiä tavaroiden varastointi ratkaisuita sekä tutkitaan kuinka materiaalin käsittelyä voitaisiin tehostaa varastossa ja tuotantosuluissa. Varastoinnin tehostaminen ei kuitenkaan yksin riitä vapauttamaan tarvittavia tiloja, joten layout-muutoksen aikana rakennetaan myös kaksi uuttaa varastohallia. Uudessa layout-suunnitelmassa huomioidaan kunkin solun nykyiset ja tulevat tilantarpeet, sekä rakennetaan ne niin, että työvoimaa voidaan käyttää niissä joustavasti eri tuotteiden valmistamiseen. Tutkimusmetodeina käytetään teemahaastatteluita, joilla selvitetään työntekijöiden tarpeet sekä kirjallisuuden avulla perehdytään Lean-tuotantoon, kanban:iin, 5S:ään ja arvovirta-analyysiin. Näitä soveltamalla saadaan luotua tehokkaasti toimiva kokonaisuus, jolla tavoitellut säästöt saadaan toteutumaan.

The best practices in the formation phase of Sino-Finnish joint ventures in China: For Finnish software companies

This study discusses the formation phase of Chinese-Finnish joint ventures in China. The purpose of this thesis is to create best practices for Finnish software companies in forming a joint venture with a local Chinese company in China. Therefore, the main research question, in what are the best practices for forming Sino-Finnish joint ventures in China for Finnish software firms, is examined through four different themes within the joint venture formation phase; the motives, the partner se-lection, the choice of a joint venture type and joint venture negotiations. The theoretical background of the study consists of literature relating to the establishment process of Sino-Western joint ventures in China. The empirical research conducted for this study is based on the expert interviews. The empirical data was gathered via nine semi-structured interviews with both Chinese and Finnish experts in software and technology industry, who have experience or knowledge in establishing Sino-Finnish joint ventures in China. Thematic analysis was used to cat-egorize and interpret the interview data. In addition, a thematic network was built to act as a basis of the analysis. According to the main findings, the main motives for Finnish software companies to establish a joint venture in China are lack of skills or experience, little resources to enter on their own, and China’s large market. The main motives for Chinese companies are to gain new technology or man-agerial skills, and expand internationally. The intellectual property rights (IPR) have recently im-proved a lot in China, but the Finnish companies’ knowledge on IPR is inadequate. The Finnish software companies should conduct a market and industry research in order to understand their po-sition in the market and to find a suitable location and potential joint venture partners. It is essential to define partner selection criteria and partner attributes. In addition, it is important to build the joint venture around complementary motives and a win-win situation between the joint venture partners. The Finnish companies should be prepared that the joint venture negotiations will be challenging and they will take a long time. The challenges can be overcome by gaining understanding about the Chinese culture and business environment. The findings of this study enhance understanding of the joint venture formation phase in China. This study provides guidelines for Finnish software companies to establish a joint venture in China. In addition, this study brings new insights to the Sino-Western joint venture literature with its soft-ware industry context. Future research is, however, necessary in order to gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of a joint venture as an entry mode into China for Finnish soft-ware companies.

Distribution of Smart Solutions for External Lighting in Switzerland - Case C2 Smartlight Ltd.

Establishing of export operations is the key to the competitiveness for all producing companies in high-tech industry. Distribution partnerships between exporting producer and local distributors of relevant foreign market are utilized by SMEs to gain cost-efficiency of operation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Swiss market of outdoor lighting solutions and propose distribution channels for the case of company C2 SmartLight Ltd. The literature framework consists of three main parts: description of distribution channels for business products, the selection process of the distributor and management of the distributors. The empirical part of this study composed of the observation of Swiss lighting market, highlighting key customers, trends of energy efficiency and key industry players of the lighting market. The aim was to identify potential distribution channels, which reach the target customer groups and identify the market opportunity. Secondly, the data was collected through semi-structured phone interviews. The company, which operates in outdoor lighting business and has an established distributor in Switzerland, was interviewed and used as a benchmark. As a result of this research the market opportunity for distribution of C2 SmartLight products was identified based on potential customers and market need. C2 SmartLight Ltd. should establish a connection with wholesalers that distribute easy to handle and store electrical equipment. The results of this study can be used by other SME companies, operating in a similar field of economy, for selection of distributors.

The characterization of new benzimidazole fungicides /

Extensive studies have been initiated to generate enough data to register the methyl homologue (MBC-MIC, see List of Abbreviations, page 14) of benomyl (MBC-BIC) as a commercial product through a joint effort between the federal government and Canadian industry. The objective of this study, as part of the whole project, was to generate fundamental data on the physical properties of the series of benomyl homologues (MBC-MIC, MBC-EIC, MBC-PIC and MBC-BIC). These data include the half lives of these compounds in water at the pH range from 2 to 12; they ranged from 0.7 to 10. 1 hours. Standard solutions of these compounds in concentrated acid were found to be stable for at least two weeks, and in the case of MBC-MIC it was stable at least 1 month. Another major goal of this study was to determine the solubility of each compound in water at different pHs in the range of 1 to 12. The solubility of the compounds ranged from 0.6 jig/mL to 396 fig/mL. In addition, it was possible to prepare stable stock solutions at concentrations > 1 000 |ig/mL in concentrated nitric acid. Several aspects of analytical methods have been improved to accurately assess the solubility and rate of degradation of benomyl and its homologues in alkaline conditions. The determination of melting points was attempted but all compounds decomposed before melting.To complement the studies of the benomyl homologue series attempts were made to explore the presence of any relationships between the structures of the compounds and their properties. Although there were some exceptions, the compound's solubility decreased and half life increased as the molecular size increased from the methyl to the butyl analogue.

Second Welland Canal - Book 1, Survey Map 10 - St. Catharines

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company along the western edge of the Town of St. Catharines. Although not labelled, the Second Welland Canal can be seen running through the map along with its tow path, which is located on the southwestern edge of the waterway. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are identified and include streets and roads (ex. Ontario Street and Road to Hamilton), Artesian Mineral Well, Dr. Mack's Artesian Well, Stephenson House Mineral Well and Gas Works, New Brewery, Old Brewery, Welland House Mineral Well, L. Shickluna's Shipyard, Vinegar Manufactory, Merritt's Covered Race, Mitchels Wharf, Sail Loft, an office, a tavern, two barns, a boathouse, a structure belonging to T. Nihan (or P. Nihen), and some store houses. Properties and property owners of note are: Concession 6 Lot 20, William H. Merritt, E. S. Adams, William Chace, Jacob Hainer, J. Taylor, and J. P. Merritt.

W.W. Tyrrill receipt, June 1888

A receipt from W.W. Tyrrill, of St. Catharines, Ontario dated June 2, 1888, for a ladies Swiss watch priced at $11.00. The receipt is a rental agreement which specifies the terms of a fee payment schedule. Information on the receipt indicates Mr. Tyrrill sold watches, jewelry, silver plated goods, albums and Bibles. He is also listed as an agent for pianos, organs and Singer sewing machines. This receipt was in the possession of Iris Sloman Bell, of St. Catharines. Relatives of the Sloman Bell families include former Black slaves from the United States who settled in southern Ontario.There are various spellings of the Tyrrill name within the Bell family archive. Other forms of the name include Tyrell, Tyrrell, and Terrell.

Seagram Museum Collection

The Seagram Museum was opened on May 16th, 1984 by the Honourable William G. Davis, Premier of Ontario. The museum was devoted to the history and technology of the wine and spirit industry. The museum focused on wine-making and distillation, as well as barrel-making and cork manufacturing. The museum was located adjacent to the Seagram Distillery in Waterloo, Ontario. In 1997, the museum closed due to lack of funds.