900 resultados para Citrus reticulata Blanco


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96 hojas : ilustraciones.

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55 hojas : ilustraciones.

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10 hojas: ilustraciones, fotografías (en blanco y negro ilegibles)

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Informe de la realización de la gira educativa en los municipios de El Retiro y Medellín (Antioquia) para ampliar conocimientos técnicos en los procesos productivos del oficio de tejeduría en mimbre y de manejo de la madera desde la perspectiva de los criterios del proyecto del Sello de Calidad Hecho a Mano. Se indican las entidades colaboradoras con el desarrollo del evento. Se enumeran e indican los aspectos destacados de las visitas de evaluación realizadas a los talleres de producción artesanal de productos estructurados en madera y tejidos en mimbre y a los puntos de venta de cada una de las localidades, especificando cada uno de los temas en los que versaron los temas de las charlas y referentes de la evaluación de los aspectos y elementos funcionales. Igualmente se describe el proceso y resultado de la visita efectuada al Centro Nacional de la Madera del SENA. La síntesis descriptiva de cada actividad está complementada con fotografías (en blanco/negro).

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Cinco Fotografías en blanco y negro.

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Documento con cinco fotografías, tres en blanco y negro y dos a color.

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Documento con cuatro fotografías en blanco y negro.

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13 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías

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Documento de catorce fotografías, trece a color y una en blanco y negro, de diferentes grados de resolución y dimensiones diversas.

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31 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías a color

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27 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías

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Alternative splicing is a general mechanism for regulating gene expression that affects the RNA products of more than 90% of human genes. Not surprisingly, alternative splicing is observed among gene products of metazoan immune systems, which have evolved to efficiently recognize pathogens and discriminate between "self" and "non-self", and thus need to be both diverse and flexible. In this review we focus on the specific interface between alternative splicing and autoimmune diseases, which result from a malfunctioning of the immune system and are characterized by the inappropriate reaction to self-antigens. Despite the widespread recognition of alternative splicing as one of the major regulators of gene expression, the connections between alternative splicing and autoimmunity have not been apparent. We summarize recent findings connecting splicing and autoimmune disease, and attempt to find common patterns of splicing regulation that may advance our understanding of autoimmune diseases and open new avenues for therapy.

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BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades more than fifty thousand unique clinical and biological samples have been assayed using the Affymetrix HG-U133 and HG-U95 GeneChip microarray platforms. This substantial repository has been used extensively to characterize changes in gene expression between biological samples, but has not been previously mined en masse for changes in mRNA processing. We explored the possibility of using HG-U133 microarray data to identify changes in alternative mRNA processing in several available archival datasets. RESULTS: Data from these and other gene expression microarrays can now be mined for changes in transcript isoform abundance using a program described here, SplicerAV. Using in vivo and in vitro breast cancer microarray datasets, SplicerAV was able to perform both gene and isoform specific expression profiling within the same microarray dataset. Our reanalysis of Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 data generated by in vitro over-expression of HRAS, E2F3, beta-catenin (CTNNB1), SRC, and MYC identified several hundred oncogene-induced mRNA isoform changes, one of which recognized a previously unknown mechanism of EGFR family activation. Using clinical data, SplicerAV predicted 241 isoform changes between low and high grade breast tumors; with changes enriched among genes coding for guanyl-nucleotide exchange factors, metalloprotease inhibitors, and mRNA processing factors. Isoform changes in 15 genes were associated with aggressive cancer across the three breast cancer datasets. CONCLUSIONS: Using SplicerAV, we identified several hundred previously uncharacterized isoform changes induced by in vitro oncogene over-expression and revealed a previously unknown mechanism of EGFR activation in human mammary epithelial cells. We analyzed Affymetrix GeneChip data from over 400 human breast tumors in three independent studies, making this the largest clinical dataset analyzed for en masse changes in alternative mRNA processing. The capacity to detect RNA isoform changes in archival microarray data using SplicerAV allowed us to carry out the first analysis of isoform specific mRNA changes directly associated with cancer survival.