Clínica e cirurgia de espécies pecuárias

O presente relatório, inerente ao estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora, tem como objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio na área da clínica e cirurgia de espécies pecuárias. A primeira parte do relatório consiste na descrição do local de estágio e na distribuição casuística das atividades acompanhadas. A segunda parte consiste numa revisão bibliográfica e no desenvolvimento de dois casos clínicos ocorridos em bovinos, relacionados com o tema, “necrobacilose hepática bovina” (NHB). A NHB é uma doença infecciosa de grande impacto económico, principalmente em explorações de bovinos de engorda intensiva. Carateriza-se pela formação de abcessos hepáticos, cujo agente etiológico primário é Fusobacterium necrophorum. É de difícil diagnóstico em vida, raramente demonstra sinais clínicos e o seu tratamento é pouco eficaz. A prevenção baseia-se na adição de antimicrobianos na alimentação, num correto maneio alimentar e eventualmente vacinação; Abstract: Medical and Surgical Pathology of livestock species The present report, inherent of the master in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Évora, aims to describe the activities carried out during the internship in the field of clinic and surgery of livestock species. The first part of the report is the description of the local of internship and the statistical distribution of activities. The second part consists of a literature review and the development of two clinical cases in cattle, related to the theme, “hepatic bovine necrobacillosis "(HBN). The HBN is an infectious disease of great economic impact, especially in feedlot cattle. It is characterized by the formation of liver abscesses, whose primary etiological agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum. It is difficult to diagnose in life, rarely show clinical signs and their treatment is ineffective. Prevention is based on the addition of antimicrobials in food, a correct feed management and eventually vaccination.

Clínica e cirurgia de equinos

O presente relatório de estágio, elaborado como etapa final do curso de Mestrado Integrado de Medicina Veterinária na Universidade de Évora, refere-se ao estágio curricular realizado na Clínica Equicare – Serviços Médico-Veterinários Lda., em Coimbra, Portugal, no âmbito da clínica e cirurgia de equinos. Este encontra-se dividido em três partes, onde, numa primeira fase se realiza uma descrição da casuística observada durante os seis meses de estágio, inseridas nas áreas de controlo e clínica reprodutiva, medicina preventiva e identificação equina, clínica médica e clínica cirúrgica. De seguida, realiza-se uma monografia sobre a doença degenerativa articular da extremidade distal de equinos e, por fim, uma apresentação de quatro casos clínicos onde se detetava a presença da mesma; EQUINE CLINICS AND SURGERY ABSTRACT: The present report was carried out as the final step of the Master of Science degree in Veterinary Medicine at the University of Évora and refers to the curricular externship held at the Equicare Clinic in Coimbra, Portugal, performed in Equine Clinics and Surgery. The report is divided in three parts, where initially takes place a casuistic analysis of the followed activities and clinical cases during the six month period of the externship, set in the areas of reproductive clinics, preventive medicine and equine identification, internal medicine and surgery. Afterwords a literature review about Degenerative Joint Disease of the distal limb in horses is performed and, finally, four clinical cases, about this same disease, are presented.

Cirurgia e clínica de espécies pecuárias

Neste relatório são, primeiramente, descritas as atividades desenvolvidas durante o Estágio Curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora, no âmbito de clínica e cirurgia de espécies pecuárias. Pretendeu-se, depois, determinar se a suplementação de bovinos de aptidão leiteira com β-caroteno injetável contribui para reduzir o número de inseminações artificiais necessárias para uma gestação. Por outro lado avaliou-se a influência que podem ter algumas variáveis, como sejam a estação do ano ou o número de partos da vaca. Procurou-se, ainda, estudar a evolução dos teores séricos de β-caroteno nos animais suplementados e não suplementados com Dalmafertyl®, utilizando a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficácia ultravioleta. A suplementação parenteral de β-caroteno, nomeadamente com Dalmafertyl®, na Primavera, mostra resultados benéficos na reprodução de vacas e novilhas de aptidão leiteira, aumentando a produtividade e diminuindo custos; ABSTRACT: LARGE ANIMAL SURGERY AND CLINICS On the following report are described the activities that took place during the Curricular Externship as part of the Veterinary Medicine Integrated Masters from University of Évora, in large animal surgery and clinics. Also, it was intended to determine if injectable β-carotene supplementation on dairy cattle can be a decreasing factor on the artificial insemination number needed to result in pregnancy. On the other hand, it was assessed its influence on some variables that can affect pregnancy, such as seasons and calving number. It has been studied the evolution of β-carotene serum levels on Dalmafertyl® supplemented and non-supplemented animals using the high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection method, as well. β-carotene parenteral supplementation using Dalmafertyl® seems to have benefic results on dairy cattle reproduction when it comes to Spring, which leads to productivity increase and cost decrease

MR in vivo tractography for the reconstruction of cranial nerves course

Aim The aim of my Ph.D. was to implement a diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) pipeline to reconstruct cranial nerve I (olfactory) to study COVID-19 patients, and anterior optic pathway (AOP, including optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tract) to study patients with sellar/parasellar tumors, and with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Methods We recruited 23 patients with olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 infection (mean age 37±14 years, 12 females); 27 patients with sellar/parasellar tumors displacing the optic chiasm eligible for endonasal endoscopic surgery (mean age 53. ±16.4 years, 13 female) and 6 LHON patients (mutation 11778/MT-ND4, mean age 24.9±15.7 years). Sex- and age-matched healthy control were also recruited. In LHON patients, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. Acquisitions were performed on a clinical high field 3-T MRI scanner, using a multi-shell HARDI (High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging) sequence (b-values 0-300-1000-2000 s/mm2, 64 maximum gradient directions, 2mm3 isotropic voxel). DTT was performed with a multi-tissue spherical deconvolution approach and mean diffusivity (MD) DTT metrics were compared with healthy controls using an unpaired t-test. Correlations of DTT metrics with clinical data were sought by regression analysis. Results In all 23 hypo/anosmic patients with previous COVID-19 infection the CN I was successfully reconstructed with no DTT metrics alterations, thus suggesting the pathogenetic role of central olfactory cortical system dysfunction. In all 27 patients with sellar/parasellar tumors the AOP was reconstructed, and in 11/13 (84.7%) undergoing endonasal endoscopic surgery the anatomical fidelity of the reconstruction was confirmed; a significant decrease in MD within the chiasma (p<0.0001) was also found. In LHON patients a reduction of MD in the AOP was significantly associated with OCT parameters (p=0.036). Conclusions Multi-shell HARDI diffusion-weighted MRI followed by multi-tissue spherical deconvolution for the DTT reconstruction of the CN I and AOP has been implemented, and its utility demonstrated in clinical practice.

Complicações em cirurgia oral menor: caso clínico

Um paciente chega a UBS queixando-se de dor espontânea no lado direito da mandíbula após extração dentária, secreção purulenta no local e sensação de 'buraco' no dente.

Patologia e Cirurgia Oral em Odontopediatria: caso clínico

Mãe do paciente vai à Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) relatando o aparecimento de uma bolha roxa na gengiva do seu filho há três dias. Não refere dor ou outros sintomas.

Patologia e cirurgia oral em odontopediatria

Revisar o conhecimento de patologia bucal, erupção dentária, características do sistema estomatognático na primeira infância e cirurgia bucal em odontopediatria

Nutrição e cirurgia bariátrica: importância do acompanhamento nutricional e multiprofissional

A obesidade é um grave problema de saúde pública e está associada a um aumento significativo de morbimortalidade e piora da qualidade de vida. O tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade, quando bem indicado, pode proporcionar redução ponderal e das comorbidades associadas. Entretanto, complicações gastrointestinais e deficiências nutricionais podem ocorrer após a cirurgia e necessitam de acompanhamento multiprofissional.

A importância da cirurgia de Fissura Lábio-Palatina para o restabelecimento social do indivíduo

O propósito deste trabalho foi descrever, através de uma revisão de literatura, a importância social da cirurgia da fenda lábio-palatina, enfocando os aspectos psicológicos e sociais do indivíduo fissurado. A literatura indicou que indivíduos que ainda não fizeram a cirurgia tendem a ser observadores e a procurar atividades mais passivas. Além disso, estudos revelam dificuldades de fazer amigos e de se relacionar com o sexo oposto. A aparência externa é muito importante na sociedade atual, e desvios da normalidade, como as anomalias craniomaxilofaciais, podem acarretar efeitos profundos sobre esses indivíduos e quem os rodeia.

Comparison Of The Solution Of Histidine-tryptophan-alfacetoglutarate With Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate As Cardioplegic Agents In Isolated Rat Hearts: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Cardiac arrest during heart surgery is a common procedure and allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures in an environment free of blood and movement. Using a model of isolated rat heart, the authors compare a new cardioplegic solution containing histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (group 2) with the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate (group 1) routinely used by some cardiac surgeons. To assess caspase, IL-8 and KI-67 in isolated rat hearts using immunohistochemistry. 20 Wistar male rats were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened, cardioctomy was performed and 40 ml/kg of the appropriate cardioplegic solution was infused. The hearts were kept for 2 hours at 4ºC in the same solution, and thereafter, placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30 minutes with Ringer-Locke solution. Immunohistochemistry analysis of caspase, IL-8, and KI-67 were performed. The concentration of caspase was lower in group 2 and Ki-67 was higher in group 2, both P<0.05. There was no statistical difference between the values of IL-8 between the groups. Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was better than histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate solution because it reduced caspase (apoptosis), increased KI-67 (cell proliferation), and showed no difference in IL-8 levels compared to group 1. This suggests that the histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was more efficient than the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate for the preservation of hearts of rat cardiomyocytes.

Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery In Patients With Extra Esophageal Symptoms Related To Asthma.

Asthma, laryngitis and chronic cough are atypical symptoms of the gastroesophageal reflux disease. To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the remission of extra-esophageal symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux, related to asthma. Were reviewed the medical records of 400 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease submitted to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication from 1994 to 2006, and identified 30 patients with extra-esophageal symptoms related to asthma. The variables considered were: gender, age, gastroesophageal symptoms (heartburn, acid reflux and dysphagia), time of reflux disease, treatment with proton pump inhibitor, use of specific medications, treatment and evolution, number of attacks and degree of esophagitis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, comparing the pre- and post-surgical findings. The comparative analysis before surgery (T1) and six months after surgery (T2) showed a significant reduction on heartburn and reflux symptoms. Apart from that, there was a significant difference between the patients with daily crises of asthma (T1 versus T2, 45.83% to 16.67%, p=0.0002) and continuous crises (T1, 41.67% versus T2, 8.33%, p=0.0002). Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was effective in improving symptoms that are typical of reflux disease and clinical manifestations of asthma.

Discovery Of A Rare Pterosaur Bone Bed In A Cretaceous Desert With Insights On Ontogeny And Behavior Of Flying Reptiles.

A pterosaur bone bed with at least 47 individuals (wing spans: 0.65-2.35 m) of a new species is reported from southern Brazil from an interdunal lake deposit of a Cretaceous desert, shedding new light on several biological aspects of those flying reptiles. The material represents a new pterosaur, Caiuajara dobruskii gen. et sp. nov., that is the southermost occurrence of the edentulous clade Tapejaridae (Tapejarinae, Pterodactyloidea) recovered so far. Caiuajara dobruskii differs from all other members of this clade in several cranial features, including the presence of a ventral sagittal bony expansion projected inside the nasoantorbital fenestra, which is formed by the premaxillae; and features of the lower jaw, like a marked rounded depression in the occlusal concavity of the dentary. Ontogenetic variation of Caiuajara dobruskii is mainly reflected in the size and inclination of the premaxillary crest, changing from small and inclined (∼ 115°) in juveniles to large and steep (∼ 90°) in adults. No particular ontogenetic features are observed in postcranial elements. The available information suggests that this species was gregarious, living in colonies, and most likely precocial, being able to fly at a very young age, which might have been a general trend for at least derived pterosaurs.

Cervical Spine Involvement In Rheumatoid Arthritis--a Systematic Review.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disorder that can compromise the cervical spine in up to 80% of the cases. The most common radiological presentations of cervical involvement are atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), cranial settling and subaxial subluxation (SAS). We performed a systematic review in the PubMed Database of articles published later 2005 to evaluate the prevalence, progression and risk factors for cervical spine involvement in RA patients. Articles were classified according to their level of evidence. Our literature review reported a wide range in the prevalence of cervical spine disease, probably explained by the different studied populations and disease characteristics. Uncontrolled RA is probably the main risk factor for developing a spinal instability. Adequate treatment with DMARD and BA can prevent development of cervical instabilities but did not avoid progression of a pre-existing injury. MRI is the best radiological method for diagnosis cervical spine involvement. AAS is the most common form of RA. Long term radiological follow-up is necessary to diagnosis patients with late instabilities and monitoring progression of diagnosed injuries.

Sinonasal Disorders In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with more respiratory infections due to immunosuppression. this study aimed to verify the frequency of rhinosinusitis after HSCT, and the association between rhinosinusitis and chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and type of transplantation, clinical treatment, surgical treatment, and survival. this was a retrospective study in a tertiary university hospital. A total of 95 patients with hematological diseases undergoing HSCT between 1996 and 2011 were selected. chronic myeloid leukemia was the most prevalent disease. The type of transplant most often performed was the allogenic type (85.26%). The frequency of rhinosinusitis was 36%, with no difference between the autologous and the allogenic types. Chronic GVHD occurred in 30% of patients. Patients with GVHD had a higher frequency and recurrence of rhinosinusitis, in addition to more frequent need for endoscopic sinusectomy and decreased overall survival. there was a higher frequency of rhinosinusitis in HSCT and GVHD. The type of transplant does not appear to predispose to the occurrence of rhinosinusitis. GVHD seems to be an aggravating factor and requires a more stringent treatment.

Histologic Correlation Of Expression Of Ki-67 In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Glottis According To The Degree Of Cell Differentiation.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the larynx and glottis, and its prognosis depends on the size of the lesion, level of local invasion, cervical lymphatic spread, and presence of distant metastases. Ki-67 (MKI67) is a protein present in the core, whose function is related to cell proliferation. To evaluate the expression of marker Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and glottis and its correlation to pathological findings. Experimental study with immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67, calculating the percentage of the cell proliferation index in glottic squamous cell carcinomas. Sixteen cases were analyzed, with six well-differentiated and 10 poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. There was a correlation between cell proliferation index and degree of cell differentiation, with higher proliferation in poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. The cell proliferation index, as measured by Ki-67, may be useful in the characterization of histological degree in glottic squamous cell tumors.