Trade Liberalization and Regional Impacts on Residual Wage Inequality: Evidence from Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho é entender mais sobre o papel da liberalização sobre a desigualdade salarial, mais precisamente, sobre a desigualdade residual dos salários. Usando a abertura comercial brasileira, a extensa redução tarifária que ocorreu entre 1987 e 1995, é investigado empiricamente se os diferentes níveis de exposição ao comércio entre os estados contribuíram para os diferentes movimentos da desigualdade. Os resultados indicam que estados mais expostos à liberalização comercial experimentaram um aumento relativo da desigualdade residual dos salários ou, de forma equivalente, uma menor redução. Estes resultados enriquecem a discussão dos efeitos da abertura comercial sobre a desigualdade.

Role of common mental and physical disorders in partial disability around the world

Background Mental and physical disorders are associated with total disability, but their effects on days with partial disability (i.e. the ability to perform some, but not full-role, functioning in daily life) are not well understood. Aims To estimate individual (i.e. the consequences for an individual with a disorder) and societal effects (i.e. the avoidable partial disability in the society due to disorders) of mental and physical disorders on days with partial disability around the world. Method Respondents from 26 nationally representative samples (n=61 259, age 18+) were interviewed regarding mental and physical disorders, and day-to-day functioning. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess mental disorders; partial disability (expressed in full day equivalents) was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule in the CIDI 3.0. Results Respondents with disorders reported about 1.58 additional disability days per month compared with respondents without disorders. At the individual level, mental disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and bipolar disorder) yielded a higher number of days with disability than physical disorders. At the societal level, the population attributable risk proportion due to physical and mental disorders was 49% and 15% respectively. Conclusions Mental and physical disorders have a considerable impact on partial disability, at both the individual and at the societal level. Physical disorders yielded higher effects on partial disability than mental disorders.

Impact of FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication on the Outcome of Related and Unrelated Hematopoietic Transplantation for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission: A Retrospective Analysis

Purpose Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and FLT3/internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) have poor prognosis if treated with chemotherapy only. Whether this alteration also affects outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains uncertain. Patients and Methods We analyzed 206 patients who underwent HLA-identical sibling and matched unrelated HSCTs reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation with a diagnosis of AML with normal cytogenetics and data on FLT3/ITD (present: n = 120, 58%; absent: n = 86, 42%). Transplantations were performed in first complete remission (CR) after myeloablative conditioning. Results Compared with FLT3/ITD-negative patients, FLT3/ITD-positive patients had higher median leukocyte count at diagnosis (59 v 21 x 10(9)/L; P < .001) and shorter interval from CR to transplantation (87 v 99 days; P = .04). Other characteristics were similar in the two groups. At 2 years, relapse incidence (RI; +/- standard deviation) was higher (30% +/- 5% v 16% +/- 5%; P = .006) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) lower (58% +/- 5% v 71% +/- 6%; P = .04) in FLT3/ITD-positive compared with FLT3/ITD-negative patients. In multivariate analyses, FLT3/ITD led to increased RI (hazard ratio [HR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.46 to 7.94; P = .005), as did older age, female sex, shorter interval between CR and transplantation, and higher number of chemotherapy courses before achieving CR. FLT3/ITD positivity was associated with decreased LFS (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.73; P = .002), along with older age and higher number of chemotherapy courses before achieving CR. Conclusion FLT3/ITD adversely affected the outcome of HSCT in the same direction it does after chemotherapy; despite this, more than half of the patients harboring this mutation who received transplants were alive and leukemia free at 2 years. To further improve the results, use of FLT3 inhibitors before or after HSCT deserves investigation.

Cannabidiol protects oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from inflammation-induced apoptosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress

Cannabidiol (CBD) is the most abundant cannabinoid in Cannabis sativa that has no psychoactive properties. CBD has been approved to treat inflammation, pain and spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), of which demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss are hallmarks. Thus, we investigated the protective effects of CBD against the damage to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) mediated by the immune system. Doses of 1 mu M CBD protect OPCs from oxidative stress by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species. CBD also protects OPCs from apoptosis induced by LPS/IFN gamma through the decrease of caspase 3 induction via mechanisms that do not involve CB1, CB2, TRPV1 or PPAR gamma receptors. Tunicamycin-induced OPC death was attenuated by CBD, suggesting a role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the mode of action of CBD. This protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis was associated with reduced phosphorylation of eiF2 alpha, one of the initiators of the ER stress pathway. Indeed, CBD diminished the phosphorylation of PKR and eiF2 alpha induced by LPS/IFN gamma. The pro-survival effects of CBD in OPCs were accompanied by decreases in the expression of ER apoptotic effectors (CHOP, Bax and caspase 12), and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. These findings suggest that attenuation of the ER stress pathway is involved in the 'oligoprotective' effects of CBD during inflammation. Cell Death and Disease (2012) 3, e331; doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.71; published online 28 June 2012

Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Background Associations between specific parent and offspring mental disorders are likely to have been overestimated in studies that have failed to control for parent comorbidity. Aims To examine the associations of parent with respondent disorders. Method Data come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys (n = 51 507). Respondent disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent disorders with informant-based Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria interviews. Results Although virtually all parent disorders examined (major depressive, generalised anxiety, panic, substance and antisocial behaviour disorders and suicidality) were significantly associated with offspring disorders in multivariate analyses, little specificity was found. Comorbid parent disorders had significant sub-additive associations with offspring disorders. Population-attributable risk proportions for parent disorders were 12.4% across all offspring disorders, generally higher in high- and upper-middle-than low-/lower-middle-income countries, and consistently higher for behaviour (11.0-19.9%) than other (7.1-14.0%) disorders. Conclusions Parent psychopathology is a robust non-specific predictor associated with a substantial proportion of offspring disorders.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) in patients with fibromyalgia

Background Mindful-based interventions improve functioning and quality of life in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. The aim of the study is to perform a psychometric analysis of the Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a sample of patients diagnosed with FM. Methods The following measures were administered to 251 Spanish patients with FM: the Spanish version of MAAS, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophising Scale, the Injustice Experience Questionnaire, the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Euroqol. Factorial structure was analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to examine internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the test-retest reliability of the measures. Pearson’s correlation tests were run to evaluate univariate relationships between scores on the MAAS and criterion variables. Results The MAAS scores in our sample were low (M = 56.7; SD = 17.5). CFA confirmed a two-factor structure, with the following fit indices [sbX2 = 172.34 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.06. MAAS was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and adequate test-retest reliability at a 1–2 week interval (ICC = 0.90). It showed significant and expected correlations with the criterion measures with the exception of the Euroqol (Pearson = 0.15). Conclusion Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the MAAS in patients with FM are adequate. The dimensionality of the MAAS found in this sample and directions for future research are discussed.

Acesso aos livros eletrônicos (E-books), disponíveis para a comunidade USP

Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar o processo de implementação de uma Base de Busca Unificada, para acesso aos títulos de E-books, adquiridos pelo Consórcio CRUESP Bibliotecas e desenvolvida pelo Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da Universidade de São Paulo (SIBi/USP). A Metodologia utilizada para elaboração do serviço foi a exportação dos registros de cada base dos fornecedores de E-books para um banco de dados MySQL, integrado com a linguagem Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), a elaboração de treinamento com bibliotecários e usuários para utilização do recurso e o desenvolvimento de estatística por Unidades da USP. Após a realização dos treinamentos e análise dos dados estatísticos verificou-se um aumento significativo da utilização do serviço desde a sua implantação em 2008, pelos usuários das Bibliotecas da USP. Conclui-se que o serviço é essencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão da Universidade, além de estar em consonância com as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) utilizadas atualmente em bibliotecas universitárias. Para aprimoramento do serviço outras atividades estão em desenvolvimento, como a ampliação da divulgação e a inclusão dos registros no Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP – DEDALUS

¿Qué puede hacer la ciudadanía para defenderse de unas finanzas todopoderosas?

[ES] Conferencia celebrada en el Aula de Grado de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Presenta al ponente D. Julio Vega López, Profesor de Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad Social. D. Ricardo García Zaldivar, es Presidente de ATTAC Espa&ntilde;a, Doctor en Estudios Territoriales y Urbanos por la Universidad de Paris Sorbonne en 1974, Doctor en Economía por la Universidad de Bilbao en 1979, Licenciado en Economía por la Universidad de Bilbao en 1969 y actualmente residente en Madrid ejerciendo como Profesor de Economía de los Recursos Naturales y el Medio Ambiente en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, de 2004 y Consultor en temas medioambientales, territoriales, urbanísticos y turísticos de diversas entidades públicas y privadas, desde 1976 hasta la fecha.

I Gesuiti americani espulsi in Italia e Joaquín Camaño (1767-1814)

Joaquín Camaño fu un gesuita della Provincia del Paraguay, vissuto nell' esilio italiano la maggior parte della sua vita dal 1767 al 1820. Il suo lavoro e la sua fama possono essere considerati di minore importanza se paragonati a molti altri gesuiti esiliati per ordine di Carlo III alla fine del XVIII secolo in Emilia-Romagna. Attraverso la mia ricerca approfondisco il ruolo di J. Camaño quale personaggio minore che entra nella vita degli altri espulsi tramite un dinamico network relazionale di cui è stato uno dei principali artefici. Il mio obiettivo è stato quello di studiare l'impatto che ebbero gli esuli gesuiti americani, attraverso la vita di Joaquin Camaño, sul mondo intellettuale italiano, europeo ed americano dopo l'espulsione del 1767. Egli, con i suoi studi, si inserisce nella rinnovata e vivace retorica del “Mondo Nuovo” che in quegli anni assume un grande dinamismo. Nato nella modesta città di La Rioja, in Argentina, si erge come un brillante cartografo, etnografo e linguista nel contesto dell'Illustrazione europea grazie alla sua particolare vita da missionario. Dopo l'espulsione, Joaquin Camaño, insieme ad altri numerosi confratelli americani, arriverà a Faenza, nello Stato Pontificio, dedicandosi allo studio della cartografia, dell'etnografia e delle lingue americane. Le sue ricerche si collocano in un momento nevralgico per la storia del pensiero linguistico-antropologico, quando l'osservazione diretta e la riflessione teorica dei fenomeni si misuravano con la grande varietà umana ormai riscontrata nel mondo.

"Nen terrei d'amor razon" : el ideal caballeresco en la lírica profana alfonsí

Este trabajo analizará el ideal caballeresco que se desprende de las cantigas d'escarnho del rey Alfonso X, en particular de una lectura de la cantiga "Non me posso pagar tanto" (LPGP 18026). En ella, el rechazo ficticio a las costumbres, ideales y obligaciones nobiliarios llegan a formar una imagen de aquello que se entiende como lo esencial y necesario en un caballero. Esto se podrá complementar con los reclamos en verso que este rey prodigó a sus súbditos por fallar a sus compromisos guerreros, y con los escarnios a costumbres censuradas por la corte, que llegan a conformar un pequeño código de comportamiento. A partir de esto, se establecerá un contraste con la imagen del caballero cortesano tal como se desprende, más tarde, del prólogo al Cancionero de Baena, con la cual presenta semejanzas importantes pero también diferencias dignas de mención.

Archivos universitarios hispanoamericanos : Su presencia en Internet

Fil: Pené, Mónica Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

La cultura monástica en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X : Pervivencia, adopción y reelaboración

La tesis analiza la forma en la que son presentados los monjes, las órdenes y la cultura monástica en las Cantigas de Santa María (mediados del siglo XIII) de Alfonso X, el Sabio. Se estudian no sólo la aparición de los monjes, como personajes de las cantigas narrativas, y sus diversas actividades (liturgia, plegaria, trabajo manual, lectura, estudio, etc.), sino también las diferentes fuentes que posiblemente hayan estado en la base de la gran empresa de confección de las Cantigas, en el scriptorium alfonsi. Por un lado, clérigos, frailes y monasterios estrechamente ligados a la persona misma del rey Alfonso X y a su corte (Juan Gil de Zamora, Bernardo de Brihuega, Rodrigo de Cerrato, monasterio de Las Huelgas de Burgos, etc.). Por otro, un enorme acervo de obras marianas de procedencia monacal: colecciones de milagros en latín y romance; compendios de himnos, secuencias y otros cantos litúrgicos; y obras doctrinales que contienen la marialogía monástica de los siglos anteriores. Todo ello puesto al servicio de la creación de un cancionero mariano con un específico ideal cristiano, monárquico y laico.

Trajano en la Estoria de Espanna de Alfonso X (Segunda Parte)

En este artículo se desarrollan nuevas perspectivas de análisis sobre el lugar del principado de Trajano en la Estoria de Espanna de Alfonso X. En particular, y desde el marco teórico de la narratología, son objeto de estudio las anécdotas de la viuda y del consejo, las descripciones del emperador y el relato de su muerte. Se indagan especialmente los límites entre narración y descripción, la articulación de los 'possibles narratifs y la organización del relato, factores que contribuyen a presentar a Trajano como optimus princeps