三种海洋红藻和两株放线菌次级代谢产物研究

海洋是一个巨大的天然产物宝库，约占地球表面积70%的海洋蕴藏着80%的生物资源。由于海洋生态环境的特殊性，导致海洋生物能够产生大量结构独特多变和活性特殊多样的代谢产物。我国海域辽阔，海洋资源丰富，为寻找结构新颖、生理活性独特的先导化合物，加强对海洋资源的开发利用，本论文对中国沿海的三种海洋红藻和两株放线菌次生代谢产物以及生物活性进行研究，为新药研究与开发提供模式结构和药物前体。 对红藻似瘤凹顶藻Laurencia similis乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物35个，通过波谱学方法（IR、MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构。分别为：2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6-sixibromo-3, 3-bi-1H-indole (1)，3,5-dibromo- 1-methyl-indole (2)，3',5',6,6'-tetrabromo-2,4-dimmethyldiphenyl ether (3)，1,2,5- tribromo-3-bromoamino-7-bromomethylnaphthalene (4)，2,5,8-tribromo-3-bromo- amino-7-bromomethylnaphthalene (5)，2,5,6-tribromo-3-bromoamino-7-bromo- methylnaphthalene (6), 2,5,6,5',6'-pentabromo-3,4,3',4'-tetramethoxybenzophenone (7), (4E)-1-bromo-5-[(1'S*,3'R*)-3'-bromo-2',2'-dimethyl-6'-methylenecyclohexyl] -3-methylpent-4-ene-2,3-diol (8)，4-hydroxy-Palisadin C (9)，Isopalisol (10)，Luzonensol (11)，Palisadin B (12)，Aplysistatin (13)，Palisadin A (14)，5-Acetoxypalisadin B (15)，Aristolan-1(10)- en-9-ol (16)，Aristol-8-en-1-one (17)，Aristolan-9-en-1-one (18)，Aristolan-1(10)-en- 9-one (19)，Aristofone (20)，Aristolan-1(10)-8-diene (21)，Aristolan-1,9-diene (22)，10-Hydroxyaristolan-9-one (23)，7,11,15-trimethyl-3-methylene-hexadecan-1,2-diol (24)，3β-Hydroxyergosta- 5,24(28)-dien-7-one (25)，Isofucosterol (26)，β-sitosterol (27)，豆甾-4-烯-3α,6β-二醇 (28)，Cholesta-5-en-3β-ol (29)，Stigmasterol (30)，2,3,5,6-四溴-吲哚 (31)，2,3,6-tribromo-1H-indole (32)，3,5,6-tribromo-1-methylindole (33)，3,5,6-tribromo -1H-indole (34)，2,3,5-tribromo-1-methylindole (35)，其中化合物1-9为新化合物，化合物10-15、20和化合物24-30均为首次从该种海藻中得到。对新化合物1-9进行PTP1B酶抑制剂活性筛选，新化合物1、3、7显示强的PTP1B酶抑制活性。 对红藻齐藤凹顶藻Laurencia saitoi乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物11个，通过波谱学方法（IR、MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构，分别为：2-hydroxyl-Luzofuranone (1)，2-hydroxyl-Luzofuranone B (2)，4-hydroxyl-Palisudin C (3)，2-bromo-γ-ionone (4)，Aplysistatin (5)，5-Acetoxypalisadin B (6)，Palisadin B (7)，Palisadin A (8)，Pacifigorgiol (9)，豆甾-4-烯-3α,6β-二醇 (10)，2, 3, 5, 6-四溴-吲哚 (11)，其中化合物1-4为新化合物，所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中得到。通过MTT法对分离得到的新化合物1-4进行肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选，结果显示4个新化合物对所测肿瘤细胞株均无明显的活性。 对红藻瘤状软骨凹顶藻Chondrophycus papillous乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物5个，通过波谱学方法（MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构，分别为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (1)，邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯 (2)，胆甾醇 (3)，3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2-en-1-ol (4)，4-羟基苯甲醛 (5)，所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中得到。 对海洋放线菌M159乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物13个，通过波谱学方法（MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构，分别为：5-(4',6'-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one (A)，phenethyl alcohol (1)，4-羟基苯甲醛(2)，anthranilic acid (3)，4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy- phenyl-propionic acid (4)，5-(6,7-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one (5)，p-Hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (6)，3-Indoleacrylic acid (7)，Indol-3-carboxylic acid (8)，Adenine cordyceposide (9)，腺嘌呤核苷(10)，尿嘧啶核苷(11)，Thymidine (12)，其中化合物A为新化合物。所有化合物均为首次从该株放线菌中得到。 对海洋放线菌L211乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物15个，通过波谱学方法（MS、NMR等）鉴定了7个结构，分别为：spatozoate (1)，anthranilic acid (2)，3-Indolylethanol (3)，1-Acetyl-β-carbolin (4)，p-Hydroxyphen- ylethyl alcohol (5)，Indole-3-acetic acid (6)，Indol-3-carboxylic acid (7)，所有化合物均为首次从该株放线菌中得到。

Bromophenols from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides

Six new bromophenols, 3-bromo-4,5-bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrocatechol (1), 2,2',3-tribromo-3',4,4',5-tetrahydroxy-6'-hydroxymethyldiphenylmethane (2), 2,2',3-tribromo-3',4,4',5-tetrahydroxy-6'-ethyloxymethyldiphenylmethane (3),(+/-)-2-methyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propylaldehyde (4), (+/-)-2-methyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propylaldehyde dimethyl acetal (5), and 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6), together with eight known bromophenols, 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (7), 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (lanosol, 8), 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (9), 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl ethyl ether (10), 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzylaldehyde (11), bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (12), 3-bromo-4-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxymethylpyrocatechol (13), and 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenyl methane (14), were isolated from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods including IR, HRFABMS, and 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Bromophenols coupled with nucleoside bases and brominated tetrahydroisoquinolines from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides

Three new bromophenols C-N coupled with nucleoside base derivatives (1-3) and three new brominated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (5-7, together with a new brominated tyrosine derivative (4, have been isolated from polar fractions of an ethanolic extract of the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. By spectroscopic and chemical methods including HRMS and 2D NMR data, their structures were determined as 7-[3-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl]-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione (1), 7-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione (2, 9-[3-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl]adenine (3), (-)-8S-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy)phenylalanine (4), (-)-3S-8-bromo-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (5), methyl (-)-3S-8-bromo-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate (6), and methyl (-)-3S-6-bromo-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate (7). Compounds 5-7 were semisynthesized by using 4 as the starting material.

Bromophenol derivatives from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides

Eight new bromophenol derivatives, 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl sulfoxide (1), 4-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-butene-2-one (2), 2-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3), 2-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester (4), 2-phenyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (5), 4'-methoxy-2",3',3"-tribromo-4",5',5"-trihydroxydiphenylacetic acid (6), and 3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (7) and its methyl ester (8), together with a known bromophenol, 3-bromo-5-hydroxy4-methoxybenzoic acid (9), were isolated from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including IR, EIMS, FABMS, ESIMS, HRFABMS, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compounds 1-4, 8, and 9 were found inactive against several human cancer cell lines and microorganisms.

A new brominated phenylpropylaldehyde and its dimethyl acetal from red alga Rhodomela confervoides

A new brominated phenylpropylaldehyde and its dimethyl acetal together with a new natural brominated phenol were isolated from Rhodomela confervoides. Their structrues were elucidated as 2-methyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propylaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl) propylaldehyde dimethyl acetal and 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester by spectroscopic techniques including IR, HRFABMS, ID and 2DNMR experiments.

Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Mild Steel by One Derivative of Benzoic-Triazole in Acidic Solution

A newly synthesized benzoic-triazole derivative 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid [1,2,4]triazol-l-ylmethyl ester (DBT) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, SEM, and EIS methods. The results revealed that DBT was an excellent inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiencies obtained from weight loss and electrochemical experiments were in good agreement. Using the potentiodynamic polarization technique, the inhibitor was proved to have a mixed-type character for mild steel by suppressing both anodic and cathodic reactions on the metal surface. The number of water molecules (X) replaced by a molecule of organic adsorbate was determined from the Flory-Huggins, Dhar-Flory-Huggins, and Bockris-Swinkels substitutional adsorption isotherms applied to the data obtained from the gravimetric experiments performed on a mild steel specimen in 1 M HCl solution at 298 K.

Electrochemical, quantum chemical and SEM investigation of the inhibiting effect and mechanism of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin on the corrosion for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The inhibiting effect and mechanism of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylicacid(ciprofloxacin), 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid (norfloxacin) and (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7 H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6 carboxylic acid (ofloxacin) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl have been studied using electrochemical method, quantum chemical method and SEM at 303 K. The potentiodynamic results showed that these compounds suppressed both cathodic and anodic processes of mild steel corrosion in 1 mol/L HCl. The impedance spectroscopy showed that R-p values increased, and C-dl values decreased with the rising of the working concentration. Quantum chemical calculation showed that there was a positive correlation between some inhibitors structure properties and the inhibitory efficiency. The inhibitors function through adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm, and chemisorption made more contribution to the adsorption of the inhibitors on the steel surface compared with physical adsorption. SEM analysis suggested that the metal had been protected from aggressive corrosion because of the addition of the inhibitors.

Chemical Constituents of Nitraira tangutorum Seed from Qaidam Basin

Six compounds were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of Nitraria tangutorum seed.On the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1H NMR,13C NMR and ESI-MS and comparison with literature,their structures were elucidated as daucosterol(1),4-hydroxypipecolic acid(2),quercetin(3),allantoin(4),1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(5) and L-tyrosine(6).Compounds 1,2,3,5 and 6 were isolated from Nitraria tangtorum for the first time.

毛细管电泳法分析唐古特白刺种子中两种生物碱

利用毛细管电泳法分离测定唐古特白刺种子中的尿囊素和吲哚生物碱1-methyl-1，2，3，4-tetrahydro-β-earboline-3-carboxylic acid（MTCCA），所用毛细管规格为48，5cm×50μm i．d．，DAD检测波长220nm，最佳分离条件：电压19kV，分离温度25℃，背景电解质为含有32mmol／LSDS，体积分数10．0％乙腈的32mmol／L硼酸溶液，pH10．0。MTCCA与尿囊素分别在350．0～11.0μg／mL和112．5～3．5μg／mL质量浓度范围内与电泳峰面积呈现良好线性关系，检出限分别为5．0μg/mL和2.5μg／mL。对标准品进行6次测定，迁移时间的RSD为1.1％和1．4％，峰面积的RSD为2.3％和0.82％。

Chemical constituents from euphorbia wallichii

Eleven known compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii for the first time. They were elucidated to be three triterpenoids, β-amyrin (1), β-amyrin acetate (2) and 3β-acetoxy-lupenol (3), one nor-triterpene peroxide baccatin (4), two caffeic esters (5a, 5b), palmitic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropanenyl ester (6), palmitic acid (7), scopoletin (8), β-sitosterol (9) and daucosterol (10) on the basis of spectral methods. Among them, compound 5a, 5b were reported firstly in the spurge family. And the NMR assignments of compounds 5a and 5b were given for the first time.

中国西南地区大气降水中低分子有机酸研究（以贵阳市和尚重镇为例）

近几年随全球变暖和大气污染的加剧，有机气溶胶对气候和环境的影响引起了广泛的关注。其中低分子有机酸由于易溶于水，易挥发等特性可以改变大气颗粒物吸湿性、粒径分布以及形成云凝结核活性，进而改变全球的水循环和辐射平衡，而日益成为大气化学研究的重要内容。低分子有机酸极强的水溶性使雨水成为研究大气有机酸的理想载体。有机酸进入降水后是降雨的酸度重要贡献者，尤其是边远地区有机酸对降水酸度贡献高达65%。传统的大气降水研究主要侧重无机离子，认为硫酸和硝酸是降水酸度的主要贡献者，而忽略对降水中有机组分的研究。以贵阳和重庆等为代表的西南地区是我国酸雨污染的重灾区，该地区是典型喀斯特地形地貌区，生态环境具有极端的脆弱性和破坏后难以恢复性，在该地区研究酸雨形成和影响因素具有特殊的重要意义。本研究选取典型酸雨区(贵阳市)和人为污染较少黔东南州黎平县尚重镇为研究对象，2006-4～2007-4期间，收集大气降水样品221个，测定了大气降水中7种有机酸和主要阴、阳离子。对有机酸对酸雨的贡献及大气降水中无机离子和有机酸的浓度分布、变化规律、主要来源和沉降通量进行研究。主要得到了以下几点认识： 1、建立了离子色谱同时测定雨水中有机酸和无机酸分析条件。以戴安AS11-HC为分离柱、AG11-HC为保护柱，RFC-30淋洗液发生器在线产生KOH淋洗液，主要梯度条件为1mmol ( 0～6min) 、1mmol～30mmol (6～31min)。淋洗液流速1.5ml/min，柱温39℃。此条件下主要有机酸线性相关系数0.9992~0.9999，RSD%≤5%，精密度RSD%≤5%(丙酮酸RSD%=13.8%)，样品的加标回收率在80~120%之间，满足分析测试要求。 2、 贵阳市降水样品pH值的分布范围为2.49～6.92，年均值为3.28。雨水酸化率为73.8%，其中pH值小于4.0雨水占样品总数42%。尚重镇降水样品pH值的分布范围为5.01～6.50，年均值为5.83，降水的酸雨率为18.4%。贵阳市酸雨污染仍十分严重，重酸雨尤为突出(pH<4.0)，尚重镇酸雨污染较轻。 贵阳市降水样品电导率在10～1028μS/cm之间，平均值为248μS/cm，降水电导率高反映了贵阳市大气污染显著。尚重镇降水样品电导率在2.2～52.8μS/cm之间，平均值为18.1μS/cm，降水电导率低反映大气污染较轻。 3、贵阳市大气降水主要无机离子是SO42-、NO3-、H+、Ca2+、NH4+，雨量加权平均浓度分别为154.1μmol/L、33.9μmol/L、520.7μmol/L、226.4μmol/L和158.3μmol/L。采样期间，贵阳市H+年沉降通量为496.9mmol/m2/yr，夏季H+沉降占全年沉降总量的78%，贵阳市SO42-年沉降通量达到151.5mmol/m2/yr，有195.3mmol/m2/yr的Ca2+沉降。NH4+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、NO3-、Cl-的沉降通量分别为138.7mmol/m2/yr、50.9mmol/m2/yr、26.8mmol/m2/yr、11.4mmol/m2/yr、32.3mmol/m2/yr和12.6mmol/m2/yr。 尚重镇贵阳市大气降水主要无机离子是SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+、NH4+，其雨量加权平均浓度分别为43.1μmol/L、19.3μmol/L、33.0μmol/L和49.5μmol/L。采样期间，尚重镇[H+]年沉降通量为0.5mmol/m2/yr。SO42-、Ca2+和NH4+是发生沉降主要离子，分别为13.9mmol/m2/yr、10.6mmol/m2/yr和15.9mmol/m2/yr。Mg2+、Na+、K+、NO3-、Cl-的沉降通量分别为2.1mmol/m2/yr、5.9mmol/m2/yr、3.0mmol/m2/yr、6.2mmol/m2/yr和3.2mmol/m2/yr。 4、在贵阳市、尚重镇大气降水中共检测出7种低分子有机酸，分别是甲酸、乙酸、草酸、丙酮酸、丙酸、甲烷磺酸和乳酸。其中甲酸、乙酸和草酸是三种主要的有机酸。贵阳市甲酸、乙酸和草酸年平均浓度分别为14.24μmol/L、9.35μmol/L和2.79μmol/L，而在尚重镇它们浓度分别为4.95μmol/L、1.35μmol/L和2.31μmol/L。根据酸平衡常数计算法，贵阳市有机酸对自由酸贡献分别为：甲酸-7.9%，乙酸-4.7%，草酸-6.1%，三种主要有机酸贡献了18.7%的自由酸；尚重镇有机酸对自由酸贡献分别为：甲酸-25.1%，乙酸-7.5%，草酸-25.5%，有机酸对自由酸贡献率为58.1%。贵阳市有机酸占阴离子比值1.7～19.2%，平均值为6.6%。尚重镇有机酸对阴离子的贡献为0.5～92.2%，平均值为13.2%。有机酸对酸雨形成和大气降水化学起不可忽视的重要作用。 采样期间，贵阳市甲酸、乙酸和草酸的湿沉降通量分别为13.5mmol/m2/year 、8.9mmol/m2/year和2.6mmol/m2/year，甲酸和乙酸干沉降通量分别为26.7mmol/m2/year 和14.5mmol/m2/year，干沉降和湿沉降是贵阳市有机酸的主要沉降形式。尚重镇甲酸、乙酸和草酸的湿沉降通量分别为1.59mmol/m2/year 、0.43mmol/m2/year和0.04mmol/m2/year，甲酸和乙酸干沉降通量分别为0.1mmol/m2/year 和0.17mmol/m2/year，湿沉降是尚重镇有机酸的主要沉降形式。 5、尚重镇大气降水有机酸生长季节浓度高于非生长季节浓度，说明生长植物或土壤的释放可能是尚重镇大气有机酸的主要来源。贵阳市大气降水中有机酸非生长季节浓度高于生长季节浓度，主要原因是贵阳市降雨主要发生在夏季，降雨量的增加加大了对大气中微量气体的淋滤作用，降低了大气中有机酸浓度，同时夏季降雨pH值较低也不利于雨水对大气有机酸的溶解吸收。气象条件是影响有机酸浓度的重要因素。贵阳市大气有机酸主要在降雨初期进入降水并被清除的，降雨初期(1～2h)对大气有机酸清除占总清除的50～80%。随降雨的进行雨水中有机酸浓度逐渐降低，降雨后期略有升高，大降雨量对雨水中有机酸浓度起稀释的作用。尚重镇降雨量对有机酸浓度影响作用不明显，说明有机酸浓度不受雨量稀释作用控制，在降雨过程可能存在有机酸的液相来源。不同来源气团对贵阳市雨水中有机酸浓度影响不同，其中以北面方向气团降水中有机酸最高，与我国内陆大气污染较重有关。而源于海洋方向的东南气团雨水中有机酸浓度最低。 6、利用统计分析方法(相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析)和有机酸来源判别方法结合不同的来源释放有机酸通量得出：尚重镇大气中有机酸主要来源植物或者土壤直接或间接释放，而贵阳市有机酸来源相对复杂，其中植物的直接释放和机动车辆尾气排放不是大气有机酸的主要来源，生物质燃烧直接释放以及植物和人类活动向大气排放大量的不饱和有机物大气氧化可能是大气有机酸的重要来源。 7、从大气降水的电导率和pH值对比来看，贵阳市大气污染严重，雨水酸化率高，尚重镇大气污染较轻，雨水酸化率低。贵阳市大气降水中水溶性离子浓度是尚重镇的2～5倍左右，尚重镇地区酸沉降只有贵阳市0.1%，酸沉降对尚重镇不会造成太大影响。有机酸占贵阳市大气降水自由酸的19%，而尚重镇有超过1/2的自由酸是来源于低分子有机酸，是边远地区大气降水酸度的主要贡献者。来源分析表明尚重镇有机酸主要为生物源，贵阳市有机酸为人为源和生物源并重。 8、 传统的大气降水化学研究主要侧重于无机离子的研究，而忽略了对大气降水中有机组分的研究。本文第一次较全面、系统的研究了西南典型酸雨污染区大气降水化学组成以及降水酸度的来源，指出有机酸组分是西南地区大气降水化学的重要组成部分，对酸雨形成有不可忽视的影响。

Direct enantiomer separation of 2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate esters on cyclodextrin derivatives stationary phases in GC

Direct enantiomeric separation of all four optical isomers of 2-phenylcyclopropane carboxylate ester was first achieved on each of the three different beta-cyciodextrin chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in GC. Using these CSPs, enantiomeric excess of the products of enantioselective cyclopropanation can be determined directly, conveniently and fast.

Chiral separation of enantiomers of amino acid derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography on a norvancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase

A novel norvancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NVC-CSP) was synthesized by using the chiral selector of norvancomycin. The chiral separation of enantiomers of several dansyl-amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the reversed-phase mode is described. The effects of some parameters, such as organic modifier concentration, column temperature, pH and flow rate of the mobile phase, on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. The study showed that ionic, as well as hydrophobic interactions were engaged between the analyte and macrocycle in this chromatographic system. Increasing pH of buffers usually improved the chiral resolution for dansyl-alpha-amino-n-butyric acid (Dns-But), dansyl-methionine (Dns-Met) and dansyl-threonine (Dns-Thr), but not for dansyl-glutamic acid (Dns-Glu) which contains two carboxylic groups in its molecular structure. The natural logarithms of selectivity factors (In alpha) of all the investigated compounds depended linearly on the reciprocal of temperature (1/T), most processes of enantioseparation were controlled enthalpically. Interestingly, the process of enantioseparation for dansyl-threonine was enthalpy-controlled at pH of 3.5, while at pH of 7.0, it was entropy-controlled according to thermodynamic parameters Delta(R,S)DeltaHdegrees and Delta(R,S)DeltaSdegrees afforded by Van't Hoff plots. In order to get baseline separation for all the solutes researched, norvancomycin was also used as a chiral mobile phase additive. In combination with the NVC-CSP remarkable increases in enanselectivity were observed for all the compounds, as the result of a "synergistic" effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bactérias e as suas redes sociais

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Hepatite C

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas