Reinventando a mística franciscana no Brasil do século XVIII: das quatro partes do mundo ao Novo Brasílico

Historicamente, o franciscanismo sempre utilizou os referenciais místicos da Ordem para renovar suas diretrizes em momentos de crise. Dentre os referenciais mais usados, dois se destacam: São Francisco e as Chagas de Cristo nele impressas. O franciscano colonial brasileiro em pleno século XVIII, precisamente a partir de 1750, é marcado por um retorno às fontes franciscanas. Procuramos trilhar esse momento de renovação espiritual no Brasil a partir da arte iconográfica nos conventos do Nordeste e da literatura desenvolvidas por franciscanos brasileiros. Em 1754, é pintado um magnífico Orbis Seraficus no Salão de Santana, no convento de Olinda. Em 1761, Fr. Antônio de Santa Maria Jaboatão retoma esse Orbis Seraficus e acrescenta a existência de um Novo Brasílico na sua crônica. A nossa pesquisa consiste em desvendar a importância da espiritualidade franciscana na formação de um novo perfil político para o Brasil em meados do século XVIII.

S. Francisco Xavier, o “Apóstolo do Oriente” : estratégias da constituição dum culto na época Moderna (sécs. XVI-XVII)

A amplitude do culto e da iconografia de Francisco Xavier foi praticamente única na época Moderna, como vemos no número de igrejas, confrarias e altares dedicados a ele, além da quantidade e variedade das suas representações artísticas. Na origem deste culto e da respectiva iconografia encontram-se o poder régio português e depois ibérico e ainda o interesse do nobre japonês Ôtomo Yoshihige. Por sua vez, o interesse da Companhia de Jesus na divulgação deste culto e da sua iconografia exprimiu-se a partir da década de 1570 através da literatura e da arte, e ainda através do fomento da devoção do seu corpo e das relíquias corpóreas e de contacto. Na estratégia de constituição do culto de Francisco Xavier, são de referir o papel que lhe foi atribuído enquanto missionário mais emblemático da Época Moderna (Francisco Xavier, “o Apóstolo do Oriente”), as suas supostas capacidades taumatúrgicas e que deram origem a epítetos, como Francisco Xavier, “o Milagre dos Milagres” ou Francisco Xavier, “o Príncipe do Mar”), e ainda o facto desta figura encarnar algumas das virtudes de santidade mais importantes para o Catolicismo pós tridentino, tais como a pureza e o espírito de mortificação.

Visão do martírio no triunfo do Cristianismo : hymnus in honorem passionis Laurentii beatissimi martyris

Através dos olhos e das palavras do poeta hispânico Aurélio Prudêncio, entramos no âmago conceptual do fenómeno do martírio na vivência do Cristianismo: o martírio como vitória num combate que dá direito à palma e à coroa. Um processo que se opera no contexto da cidade romana, seja na perspectiva da cidadania, seja no âmbito físico da construção urbana. A cidade, circunstância do martírio, surge nos versos prudência nos no seu esplendor clássico, abrindo-se, todavia, a um novo exercício urbano, a uma nova cidadania, com matriz cristã. Com a génese de uma dinâmica iconográfica do martírio.

Programas museológicos e museologia aplicada : o centro de memória do samba de São Paulo como estudo de caso

Foi com muita satisfação que recebemos o convite para a publicação nos Cadernos de Sociomuseologia, tanto pelo fato de considerá-lo uma importante publicação na área da Museologia em língua portuguesa como, também, pela razão de termo-nos amparado, inúmeras vezes, nas reflexões de profissionais de Portugal no que diz respeito à temática abordada, ou seja, a programação museológica. Embora este trabalho tenha sido inicialmente apresentado como monografia de conclusão das actividades académicas no âmbito do Curso de Especialização em Museologia do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, realizadas entre os anos de 2001 e 2002, sofreu mínimas alterações. A escolha pelo tema deu-se em virtude das inquietações e reflexões profissionais e discentes no sentido de buscar a experimentação de metodologias passíveis de contribuição às necessidades no campo da Museologia dentro da realidade brasileira. Tem, como estudo de caso, um trabalho de consultoria realizado para a Divisão de Iconografia e Museus do Departamento do Património Histórico da Secretaria Municipal de Cultura de São Paulo e da Anhembi Turismo e Eventos da Cidade de São Paulo, que consistia em diagnosticar o acervo pertencente à Anhembi visando à implantação do Centro de Memória do Samba de São Paulo. (Monografia apresentada para conclusão do CEAM do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo)

Os museus e a qualidade : distinguir entre museus com qualidades e a qualidade em museus

Estudo exploratório suscitado pala experiência, pioneira em Portugal, em serviços de museus, resultante da aplicação da ferramenta CAF (Commom Assessment Framework ) na auto avaliação e avaliação externa dos Serviços Educativos dos Museus Municipais de Setúbal, integrada no processo de candidatura ao IV prémio da qualidade de serviços públicos, promovido pela AMDS em 2003. PALAVRAS - CHAVE / CONCEITOS GERADORES · A participação como paradigma da qualidade em museus · A missão do museu bem definida e assimilada, na génese da qualidade · A autoavaliação, em museus, como caminho para a qualidade · A monitorização dos processos museológicos e a qualidade em museus · As evidências do impacto na sociedade como indicador da qualidade · Os resultados (outputs) da acção museológica, medidos e comparados (benchmarking), como parâmetros da qualidade em museus · A valorização do aprendizado do erro como incentivo à melhoria contínua e caminho para a qualidade em museus · A gestão do conhecimento como condição da qualidade em museus · A qualidade, em museus, identificada com o primado da pessoa e da sua satisfação · A educação patrimonial versus elevação das expectativas dos cidadãos clientes (inputs) e dos níveis da qualidade em museus · O desempenho ambiental da organização museu como referente da qualidade e indicador primordial da gestão · Da noção de “públicos” à de cidadãos - clientes ; da noção de museu produtos à de museu-resultados.

Integración andina y convergencia suramericana

El 19 de septiembre de 2013 los ministros de relaciones exteriores de los cuatro países miembros de la Comunidad Andina (CAN) expidieron la Decisión 792, norma comunitaria jurídicamente vinculante, mediante la cual pusieron en marcha un proceso de “reingeniería” del Sistema Andino de Integración (SAI). El aspecto más resaltado por la prensa fue una supuesta determinación de suprimir al Parlamento Andino, órgano deliberante del SAI. En realidad, la norma aprobada plantea su paulatina salida del Sistema, presumiblemente con miras a su migración hacia el Parlamento Suramericano por establecerse en el marco de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR), pero también dispone evaluar la permanencia en el SAI de la Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), el Fondo Latinoamericano de Reservas (FLAR) y el Organismo Andino de Salud. Sin subestimar la trascendencia e implicaciones de estas resoluciones que afectan a cuatro importantes instituciones comunitarias, lo que importa destacar aquí es que la Decisión 792 marca el inicio de un proceso de amplias reformas al esquema y al proceso andino de integración.

Políticas sociales y cambio social en América Latina y la Región Andina: alcances y perspectivas

Entre 1982 e inicios del actual mileno, las políticas sociales en América Latina, y la región andina en particular, estuvieron inspiradas en el Consenso de Washington, y guiadas por tres ideas dominantes: a) el mecanismo fundamental de reducción de la pobreza es la promoción del crecimiento económico, b) la inversión en educación y salud debe contar con una alta participación del sector privado, y c) se deben implementar transferencias condicionadas de dinero y programas asistenciales para los más pobres (Solimano, 2005). Estas líneas se insertaron en una política económica que buscó la minimización de la intervención del Estado en la economía, la promoción de mecanismos de mercado para el crecimiento y la apertura comercial internacional. En general, el crecimiento económico de la región fue mínimo e inestable, la pobreza mantuvo niveles persistentes y la inequidad social se profundizó, aunque se registraron avances moderados en educación y salud. A partir de mediados de la década anterior, se observan dos cambios fundamentales. Por una parte, la región retoma un crecimiento económico relativamente sostenido, basado en la expansión de sus exportaciones de bienes primarios y en una mejora sustancial en los términos de intercambio. Adicionalmente, cambia la concepción de las políticas sociales en muchos países, y el nuevo enfoque se basa en un aumento significativo de la inversión pública en educación, salud y seguridad social, en la aceptación más amplia de un enfoque universal de las políticas sociales basadas en la noción de derechos, y en la consolidación de programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas. Los resultados alcanzados durante los últimos 10 años son alentadores en términos de reducción de pobreza, aumento de la equidad social y mejoras en educación, salud y empleo. Estos avances, al parecer, se registran en la mayor parte de los países, y la orientación política de sus gobiernos no juega un rol importante como factor diferenciador. Desafortunadamente, el escenario positivo para el crecimiento económico de la región comienza a agotarse, principalmente como resultado del menor impulso económico en China, la reducción del crecimiento de la economía mundial y del menor dinamismo en la demanda de ciertas materias primas, que ha conducido a una nueva declinación en los términos de intercambio. Los resultados alcanzados por la región en términos de diversificación económica son muy poco alentadores, y en varios países han aparecido manifestaciones importantes de descontento social e inestabilidad económica. Este artículo analiza, en el caso de los países andinos, los resultados sociales alcanzados a partir de 2004, su relación con la orientación política de sus gobiernos, y sus perspectivas de continuidad bajo un nuevo escenario internacional menos favorable. Se analiza con mayor profundidad la experiencia ecuatoriana.

Integración andina y convergencia suramericana

El 19 de septiembre de 2013 los ministros de relaciones exteriores de los cuatro países miembros de la Comunidad Andina (CAN) expidieron la Decisión 792, norma comunitaria jurídicamente vinculante, mediante la cual pusieron en marcha un proceso de “reingeniería” del Sistema Andino de Integración2 (SAI). El aspecto más resaltado por la prensa fue una supuesta determinación de suprimir al Parlamento Andino, órgano deliberante del SAI. En realidad, la norma aprobada plantea su paulatina salida del Sistema, presumiblemente con miras a su migración hacia el Parlamento Suramericano por establecerse en el marco de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR)3, pero también dispone evaluar la permanencia en el SAI de la Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), el Fondo Latinoamericano de Reservas (FLAR) y el Organismo Andino de Salud. Sin subestimar la trascendencia e implicaciones de estas resoluciones que afectan a cuatro importantes instituciones comunitarias, lo que importa destacar aquí es que la Decisión 792 marca el inicio de un proceso de amplias reformas al esquema y al proceso andino de integración.

Repeated administration of caffeine increases femproporex-induced locomotor activity in adolescent and adult rats

Caffeine and femproporex are psychostimulants drugs widely consumed in Brazil. Behavioral sensitization is defined as an augmentation in the behavioral effect of a psychostimulant upon re-administration. Repeated administration of a psychostimulant produces behavioral sensitization to that drug and cross-sensitization to other drugs. We investigated whether repeated administration of caffeine increases femproporex-induced locomotor activity in adolescent and adult rats. Forty-eight adolescent (postnatal day 27) and 32 adult (postnatal day 60) received i.p. injections of caffeine (CAF) (10.0 mg/kg) (adolescent N = 24; adult N = 16)) or saline (adolescent N = 24; adult N = 16) once daily for ten days. Three days following the last injection each group was subdivided and received a challenge injection of femproporex (2.0 mg/kg i.p) or saline. Locomotor activity was recorded for 1 hour in 5 - minute intervals. Our results showed that repeated injections of caffeine increased femproporex - induced locomotor activity in adult and adolescent rats.

Occupational exposure to radon and natural gamma radiation in the La Carolina, a former gold mine in San Luis Province, Argentina

Radon and gamma radiation level measurements were carried out inside the La Carolina mine, one of the oldest gold mining camps of southern South America, which is open for touristic visits nowadays. CR-39 track-etch detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters of natural CaF(2) and LiF TLD-100 were exposed at 14 points along the mine tunnels in order to estimate the mean (222)Rn concentration and the ambient dose equivalent during the summer season (November 2008 to February 2009). The values for the (222)Rn concentration at each monitoring site ranged from 1.8 +/- 0.1 kBq m(-3) to 6.0 +/- 0.5 kBq m(-3), with a mean value of 4.8 kBq m(-3), indicating that these measurements exceed in about three times the upper action level recommended by ICRP for workplaces. The correlations between radon and gamma radiation levels inside the mine were also investigated. Effective doses due to (222)Rn and gamma rays inside the mine were determined, resulting in negligible values to tourists. Considering the effective dose to the mine tourist guides, values exceeding 20 mSv of internal contribution to the effective doses can be reached, depending on the number of working hours inside the mine. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

A cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode was used for the simultaneous anodic determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and caffeine (CAF) by differential pulse voltammetry Linear calibration curves (r = 0 999) were obtained from 1 9 x 10(-5) to 2 I x 10(-4) mol L(-1) for AA and from 9 7 x 10(-6) to 1 1 x 10-4 mol L(-1) for CAF. with detection limits of 19 wool L(-1) and 7 0 mu nol L(-1). respectively This method was successfully applied for the determination of AA and CAF in pharmaceutical formulations. with results equal to those obtained using a HPLC reference method

Omslagstrender - en studie av vad som höjer uppmärksamhetsvärdet hos tidskrifter

Through interviews, a questionnaire survey and an in­depth analysis of the Swedish magazines Veckorevyn and Magazine Café has a number of parameters been made visible. It was difficult to obtain an unambiguous result when the journal's target audience is crucial for the cover design. Nevertheless, we can generally say that the transparent varnish of covers, PMS colors and enclosing the journal in plastic do not increase the attention value, as this occurs in many magazines. Due to today's tough competition among journals, we believe that they will need to niche themselves much harder to survive. We also believe that the new, big trend is that more covers will become more plain and stylistically pure, with one big communicating image and fewer coverlines, as many covers were designed during the 1940s.

Hur ett företag kan uppmärksammas genom en grafisk profil och en gerillamarknadsföring

The purpose of this thesis was to create a visual identity to the café Trädgårdscafét. This was to increase the awareness of the cafe among the population of Borlänge. To make the company's visual identity visible, we also organized a guerrilla marketing. The outcome of the guerrilla marketing were then measured by calculating the number of guests during a certain period of time and also through a survey conducted in Borlänge.Graphic material, such as a graphic identity, business cards, feel good-cards, store signs, standing information folders to place on the tables and pavement board was created. Flyers and posters were also created for the guerrilla marketing. The basis for this was established in the study of literature, focus groups and surveys. We also kept a regular and open contact with the café owners throughout the project.In a similar procedure a broad knowledge about guerrilla marketing was gathered in order to be able to arrange one our selves.The guerrilla marketing was held for one day in the city of Borlänge. To attract attention, groups of outdoor furniture, decorated with green plants, were placed at different locations, while six marketers handed out flyers and spread information about the café. The guerrilla marketing resulted in that the café's customers grew by nearly twice as many on the day of the guerrilla. Surveys made before and after the guerrilla showed that the awareness of the café grew.

Orka hela vägen : Upplevd hälsa, idrotts- och träningsbakgrund bland studenter på en fysiskt inriktad yrkesutbildning. Lärarstudenter GIH 2008 delrapport 1: 2009

Sammanfattning Ett sammanfattande porträtt av den nyantagna lärarstudenten vid GIH med utgångspunkt från enkätsvaren ger vid handen en bild av en person, som är ca 21 år gammal, född i Sverige och uppvuxen i en medelstor stad i Mellansverige. Studenten trivdes mycket bra i skolan och var som elev något över medel med MVG i idrott och hälsa. Valet av yrkesutbildning grundade sig på ett stort intresse för idrott, samt en önskan att få jobba med barn och ungdom. Studievalet hade för många påverkats av en tidigare idrotts-lärare, kompisar och familj. En bra lärare i idrott och hälsa är enligt studenten positiv, engagerad, rättvis, bestämd och kunnig. Lärarstudenten ser sig behärska bollspel väl. Störst kunskap och färdighet uppges i fot-boll och alpin skidåkning. Minst kunskap och färdighet skattades i softboll, baseboll, bergsklättring, långfärdsskridskoåkning och i konsten att kunna valla skidor. Många ser sig ha god kunskap om sambandet mellan hälsa, livsstil och miljö, men mindre god om hur en idrottsaktivitet har betydelse för kulturarvet, samband mellan miljö och männi-skans hälsa i ett historiskt och nutidsperspektiv samt i ergonomi. På sin fritid går lärarstudenten ofta på idrottsevenemang, café, tittar på TV och video eller umgås med vänner och familj. Lärarstudenten går sällan på bio och nästan aldrig på tea-ter, museum eller vernissager. "Vad är vernissage?" undrar en student. Hälsan, både fysiskt och psykiskt, skattas som tillfredsställande och man känner ofta hopp, glädje och meningsfullhet. Emellertid finner man sig även ofta stressad på grund av tidsbrist och alla krav. Många kvinnliga studenter (41%) rapporterade ryggont och många, både kvinnor och män, beskrev att de har besvär från en skadad fotled eller knä. De flesta lärarstudenterna är regelbundet fysiskt aktiva och de finner att mängden motion delvis är tillfredsställande. Förväntningarna är höga på utbildningen både att den är mångsidig och kommer att ge ökad kunskap inom olika områden. Under studietiden förväntar man sig att utvecklas och förbättra sin egen fysiska status och hälsa. En student uttrycker det med orden: "Mitt nya liv startar idag". Den sammanfattande bilden av lärarstudenten på GIH liknar den som tidigare har redovisats av Meckbach och Wedman i en liknande studie från maj 2005. Deras studie genomfördes på studenter efter ett års studier på GIH (Meckbach & Wed-man, 2007).

PANA V : Evaluation of a Literacy Project

PANA V Evaluation of a Literacy ProjectSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThis evaluation set out to explore the impact of the literacy work carried out through PANA V. It focussed on clarifying effects such as empowerment and poverty reduction in relation to the civil society. Two specific objectives were to evaluate the methodological approach and the didactic materials and to evaluate the sustainability of the project.Although the focus of the evaluation has been PANA V, the project has been evaluated in its context, as one in a series of five projects located in Rwanda ten years after the war and genocide. The conclusion will consider future plans in this field.The evaluator has striven to create a holistic picture of the effects of the project, although the given time for the evaluation was short. Only three weeks were spent in the field study and only ten days in the actual field. Although there were some organisational and logistic problems, as is common when carrying out a study like this in a poor country, many literacy sites were visited and quite many participators were interviewed. The overall impression from the study is overwhelmingly positive. So many people commit themselves in this task of teaching Rwandans reading, writing and numeracy. Despite harsh conditions learners strive to learn and group leaders devote themselves to the task. Many leaders on different levels try their very best to manage their difficult and demanding task. The main objective was to explore the impact of the project on poverty reduction, particularly on empowerment and strategies for everyday life. Women were to be regarded particularly. From the results it is clear that the project has a strong, positive impact both on poverty reduction and empowerment of marginalised groups. Among those who have benefited from the alphabetisation are mainly women. Unfortunately, when it comes to leaders in PANA, who may also be said to have benefited from the project, only a small minority is women. This is something that is recommended that it be reconsidered inside the organisation. As a majority of the targeted learners are women, and as the economic and social situation of women in Rwanda is generally weak, this is a question that I recommend the Pentesostal church and ADEPR to look particularly into. With many women being single breadwinners of their households, it is important that also women get access to positions that may bring benefits of different kind.It is also clear that the project has positive effects for the civil society. In the present situation in Rwanda, during the process of reconciliation and rapid progress, basic education for the poor majority is a democratic issue. In a country with a plethora of internet-cafés in the capital and a small minority that use cars and mobile-telephones to communicate nation-wide, it is of outmost importance that the majority acquires basic education, of which literacy is a central part. To strengthen the civil society in Rwanda literacy is important. One central issue is then that Rwanda develops toward becoming a country where literacy is used for the benefit of the citizens and it is a democratic issue that all citizens get an opportunity to participate. Crucial for this is that strong efforts are put into primary schools nation-wide. Literacy projects for adults, like PANA, may only complement these efforts, but they constitute important and necessary complements. Other relevant ways to promote literacy are campaigns in Radio and TV and through cultural events such as festivals, music and theatre. News papers, magazines and books are natural parts of such campaigns as well as adult education. As stated under the results not much can be said about the didactics in this evaluation. On the whole the methodology and the materials fill their function well and receive a high reputation. As people learn to read and write under very simple conditions, obviously the approach is appropriate. A few suggestions may be given from the study:•Focus groups leaders’ attention on clearness, that they show very clearly what is to be read. Good structuring is probably of great importance for many learners.•Make clear what is tested in the tests and consider the possibility to use a holistic test that would be more congruent with the methodology. The possibility to use only one grade, pass, would enable a more practical test, such as reading a short, relevant text, writing something relevant and solving practical mathematic problems. Avoid tests that demand school knowledge.•Avoid using methaphors such as “fight against illiteracy” and connections between illiteracy/literacy and darkness/light. It is not true that illiteracy causes bad things and that literacy only brings good. •Be prepared that it may be more difficult in the future to achieve the goals as it may be the case that the early learners where the ones who achieved easily. The goal of “literacy in six month” in PANA will probably hold only for some learners but also those who do not manage in six months need literacy skills.A third objective was to secure sustainability. As for sustainability of the project in itself, and of the literacy process, the main conclusion is that there is a good potential. The commitment and devotedness among many involved in PANA proves good. One weakness is individual leaders in ADEPR who do not see this as an important task for the Pentecostal church in Rwanda. Other weaknesses are the unwillingness to mention explicitly the wish, for example among group leaders, to get some kind of incentive and the fear of loosing believers by cooperation with other organisations. A higher degree of transparency in this issue would probably solve some irritations and tensions.As for the sustainability of the literacy skills much may be done to improve. The acquired skills seem to be comparably relevant. The level achieved, and the level tested, may be defined as basic literacy skills, consisting of basic reading, writing and numeracy skills. However, these skills are very restricted and there is a high risk that the skills will decline, which means that there is a high risk that people will forget how to read and write because of lack of exercising. From these conclusions a few suggestions for future development will be given.