Clinical significance of lifetime panic disorder in the course of bipolar disorder type I

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of lifetime panic disorder (PD) diagnosis in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder type I (BPI), evaluating clinical and demographic variables. Methods: Ninety-five outpatients from the Bipolar Disorder Research Program at the Institute of Psychiatry of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School were enrolled. Twenty-seven BPI patients with PD were compared to 68 BPI patients without any anxiety disorders regarding clinical and demographic variables. Results: Compared to BPI patients without any anxiety disorders, patients with BPI + PD presented significantly higher number of mood episodes (18.9 +/- 13.8 vs 8.5 +/- 7.8; P < .001), depressive episodes (10.8 +/- 8.2 vs 4.6 +/- 4,8; P = .001), and manic episodes (7.4 +/- 7.3 vs 3.6 +/- 3.6; P = .008). Patients with BPI + PD had more frequently a depressive episode as their first one compared to BPI patients without anxiety disorders (94.1% vs 57.5%; P = .011). Patients with BPI + PD had more comorbidity with lifetime diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence (33.3% vs 8.8%; P = .010) and eating disorders (29.6% vs 6.0%; P = .004). Conclusions: The higher number of mood episodes in general presented by patients with BPI + PD when compared with BPI patients without any anxiety disorders, along with the higher frequencies of drug misuse and eating disorders, indicates that PD comorbidity is associated with a poorer Course and outcome of BPI. The higher frequency of depression as the onset mood episode and the higher number of manic episodes in the group with PD may have important treatment implications and should be further investigated. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The mer-[RuCl(3)(dppb)(H(2)O)] complex: A versatile tool for synthesis of Ru(II) compounds

The complex mer-[RuCl(3)(dppb)(H(2)O)] [dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane] was used as a precursor in the synthesis of the complexes tc-[RuCl(2)(CO)(2)(dppb)], ct-[RuCl(2)(CO)(2)(dppb)]. cis-[RuCl(2)(dppb)(Cl-bipy)], [RuCl(2Ac4mT)(dppb)] (2Ac4mT = N(4)-meta-tolyl-2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone ion) and trans-[RuCl(2)(dppb)(mang)] (mang = mangiferin or 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-beta-D-glucoside) complexes. For the synthesis of Run complexes, the Ru(III) atom in mer-[RuCl(3)(dppb)(H(2)O)] may be reduced by H(2)(g), forming the intermediate [Ru(2)Cl(4)(dppb)(2)], or by a ligand (such as H2Ac4mT or mangiferin). The X-ray structures of the cis-[RuCl(2)(dppb)(Cl-bipy)], tc-[RuCl(2)(CO)(2)(dppb)] and [RuCl(2Ac4mT)(dPpb)] complexes were determined. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the products of aniline peroxydisulfate oligo/polymerization in media with different pH by resonance Raman spectroscopy at 413.1 and 1064 nm excitation wavelengths

The pH-structure correlation of the products of aniline peroxydisulfate reaction was mainly investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The reactions of aniline and ammonium peroxydisulfate were carried out in aqueous solutions of initial pH ranging from 4.9 to 13.2 and monomer/oxidant molar ratio of 4/1. For an initial pH of 4.9, the spectroscopic techniques showed that the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) is the main product, corroborating that the usual head-to-tail coupling mechanism is taking place. The resonance Raman spectra at 1064 nm exciting wavelength were useful to detect the emeraldine salt as a minor product for reactions at an initial pH of 5.3-11.5. The Raman spectra of the main product of the reaction at initial pH of 13.2 excited at 1064 and 413.1 nm showed new spectral features consistent with 1,4-Michael-type adducts of aniline monomers and 1,4-benzoquinone-monoimine unit. These compounds and their products of hydrolysis/oxidation are the predominant species for the reaction media of initial pH from 5.3 to 13.2. In order to get PANI with different nanoscale morphologies, a pH value of more than 0 or 1 was used in the aniline polymerization. The spectroscopic data obtained in this work reveal that head-to-tail coupling does not occur when aniline reacts at media pH higher than about 5. It is suggested that chemical structures of the products of aniline oxidation by an unusual mechanism are the driving force for the development of assorted morphologies. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Picosecond Dynamics of Proton Transfer of a 7-Hydroxyflavylium Salt in Aqueous-Organic Solvent Mixtures

The intermediacy of the geminate base proton pair (A*center dot center dot center dot H(+)) in excited-state proton-transfer (ESPT) reactions (two-step mechanism) has been investigated employing the synthetic flavylium salt 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-flavylium chloride (HMF). In aqueous solution, the ESPT mechanism involves solely the excited acid AH* and base A* forms of HMF as indicated by the fluorescence spectra and double-exponential fluorescence decays (two species, two decay times). However, upon addition of either 1,4-dioxane or 1,2-propylene glycol, the decays become triple-exponential with a term consistent with the presence of the geminate base proton pair A*center dot center dot center dot H(+). The geminate pair becomes detectable because of the increase in the recombination rate constant, k(rec), of (A*center dot center dot center dot H(+)) with increasing the mole fraction of added organic cosolvent. Because the two-step ESPT mechanism splits the intrinsic prototropic reaction rates (deprotonation of AH(+)*, k(d), and recombination, k(rec) of A*center dot center dot center dot H(+)) from the diffusion controlled rates (dissociation, k(diss) and formation, k(diff)[H(+)], of A*center dot center dot center dot H+), the experimental detection of the geminate pair provides a wealth of information on the proton-transfer reaction (k(d) and k(rec)) as well as on proton diffusion/migration (k(diss) and k(diff)).

The panorama and outcomes of reported pregnancies within a well defined population in rural Vietnam 1999-2004

Background Pregnancy outcomes in the general population are important public health indicators. Purpose The overall aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of reported pregnancies within a well-defined population, to identify risk groups for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to suggest preventive measures. Method A prospective population-based cohort study of pregnant women in Bavi district, Vietnam between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2004. Results Pregnancy outcome was reported for 5,259 cases; 4,152 (79%) resulted in a live birth, 67 (1.3%) in a stillbirth, 733 (14%) in an induced abortion, and 282 (5.4%) in a spontaneous abortion. There was an increased risk of home delivery for women from ethnic minorities (OR?=?1.85; 95%CI?=?1.06���3.24) or with less than 6 years of schooling (OR?=?7.36; 95%CI?=?3.54���15.30). The risk of stillbirth was increased for ethnic minorities (OR?=?6.34; 95%CI?=?1.33���30.29) and women delivering at home (OR?=?6.81; 95%CI?=?2.40���19.30). The risk of induced abortion increased with maternal age. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the public health significance of access to adequate family planning, counselling, and maternal health care for all women. Policies should specifically target women from high-risk groups.

Association of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 with nephropathy, cardiovascular events, and total mortality in type 2 diabetes

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) contribute to experimental diabetic kidney disease, a condition with substantially increased cardiovascular risk when present in patients. Therefore, we aimed to explore the levels of sTNFRs, and their association with prevalent kidney disease, incident cardiovascular disease, and risk of mortality independently of baseline kidney function and microalbuminuria in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. In pre-defined secondary analyses we also investigated whether the sTNFRs predict adverse outcome in the absence of diabetic kidney disease. METHODS: The CARDIPP study, a cohort study of 607 diabetes patients [mean age 61��years, 44��% women, 45 cardiovascular events (fatal/non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and 44 deaths during follow-up (mean 7.6��years)] was used. RESULTS: Higher sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were associated with higher odds of prevalent kidney disease [odd ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase 1.60, 95��% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.93, p��&lt;��0.001 and OR 1.54, 95��% CI 1.21-1.97, p��=��0.001, respectively]. In Cox regression models adjusting for age, sex, glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, higher sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 predicted incident cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase, 1.66, 95��% CI 1.29-2.174, p��&lt;��0.001 and HR 1.47, 95��% CI 1.13-1.91, p��=��0.004, respectively]. Results were similar in separate models with adjustments for inflammatory markers, HbA1c, or established cardiovascular risk factors, or when participants with diabetic kidney disease at baseline were excluded (p��&lt;��0.01 for all). Both sTNFRs were associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: Higher circulating sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 are associated with diabetic kidney disease, and predicts incident cardiovascular disease and mortality independently of microalbuminuria and kidney function, even in those without kidney disease. Our findings support the clinical utility of sTNFRs as prognostic markers in type 2 diabetes.

Polimorfismos de inser����o/dele����o do gene da ECA e K121Q do gene PC-1 em pacientes com Diabete Mellito tipo 1 normoalbumin��ricos : estudo com 10 anos de acompanhamento

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel do polimorfismo de I/D do gene da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (ECA) e o polimorfismo K121Q da PC-1 nas modifica����es das taxas de filtra����o glomerular (TFG), excre����o urin��ria de albumina (EUA) e press��o arterial em uma coorte de pacientes diab��ticos tipo 1 normoalbumin��ricos (EUA<20��g/min) em um estudo com seguimento de 10,2 �� 2,0anos (6,5 a 13,3 anos). A EUA (imunoturbidimetria), TFG (t��cnica da inje����o ��nica de 51Cr-EDTA), HbA1c (cromatografia de troca i��nica) e press��o arterial foram medidas no in��cio do estudo e a intervalos de 1,7 �� 0,6 anos. O polimorfismo I/D e K121Q foram determinados atrav��s da PCR e restri����o enzim��tica. Onze pacientes apresentaram o gen��tipo II, 13 o ID e 6 apresentaram o gen��tipo DD. Pacientes com o alelo D (ID/DD) desenvolveram mais freq��entemente hipertens��o arterial e retinopatia diab��tica. Os 3 pacientes do estudo que desenvolveram nefropatia diab��tica apresentaram o alelo D. Nos pacientes ID/DD (n=19) ocorreu maior redu����o da TFG quando comparados com os pacientes II (n=11) (-0,39 �� 0,29 vs ��� 0,12 �� 0,37 ml/min/m��s; P=0,035). A presen��a do alelo D, em an��lise de regress��o m��ltipla linear (R2=0,15; F=4,92; P=0,035) foi o ��nico fator associado �� redu����o da TFG (-0,29 �� 0,34 ml/min/m��s; P<0,05). J�� o aumento da EUA (log EUA = 0,0275 �� 0,042 ��g/min/m��s; P=0,002) foi associado somente aos n��veis iniciais de EUA (R2=0,17; F=5,72; P=0,024). Um aumento significativo (P<0,05) no desenvolvimento de hipertens��o arterial e de novos casos de retinopatia diab��tica foi observado somente nos pacientes com os gen��tipos ID/DD. Vinte e dois pacientes apresentaram gen��tipo KK, 7 KQ e 1 apresentou gen��tipo QQ. Pacientes com os gen��tipos KQ/QQ apresentaram um aumento significativo (P=0,045) de novos casos de retinopatia diab��tica. Em conclus��o a presen��a do alelo D nesta amostra de pacientes DM tipo 1 normoalbumin��ricos e normotensos est�� associada com aumento na propor����o de complica����es microvasculares e hipertens��o arterial.

Efeito de diferentes posologias do verniz de clorexidina a 1% nos n��veis de estreptococos do grupo mutans na saliva e no biofilme dental

N��o h�� concord��ncia em rela����o ao n��mero total e intervalo entre as aplica����es do verniz de clorexidina (CLX) a 1%. Al��m disso, os resultados quanto ao per��odo de redu����o dos n��veis de estreptococos do grupo mutans (EGM) na saliva ou biofilme dental s��o controversos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, atrav��s de um estudo cl��nico randomizado e controlado, o efeito de diferentes posologias do verniz de CLX a 1% nos n��veis de EGM. Pacientes com n��veis de EGM ��� 105 UFC/ml saliva, 11-16 anos, foram distribu��dos em 4 grupos: grupo A (n=14): 1 aplica����o do verniz de CLX; grupo B (n=14): 1 aplica����o di��ria do verniz CLX, em 3 dias consecutivos; grupo C (n=15): 3 aplica����es do verniz CLX com intervalo de 4 dias entre cada aplica����o; grupo D (n=12): 1 aplica����o di��ria do verniz placebo, em 3 dias consecutivos. Amostras de saliva e biofilme dental foram coletadas no in��cio do estudo e 1, 4 e 8 semanas ap��s o t��rmino das aplica����es e foram cultivadas para avalia����o dos n��veis de EGM e bact��rias totais. Os dados foram avaliados atrav��s do teste ANOVA (medidas repetidas) e teste de Tukey. Ap��s 1 semana, observou-se uma leve redu����o nos n��veis salivares de EGM nos grupos A, B e C (-0,70; -0,90; -0,41 log10 UFC/ml saliva; respectivamente), significativa somente nos grupos A e B (p < 0,05). N��o foram observadas diferen��as nos n��veis salivares de EGM entre os grupos experimentais nos diferentes per��odos do experimento. No biofilme dental, 1 semana ap��s o t��rmino do tratamento, foi observado um aumento significativo nos n��veis de bact��rias totais em todos os grupos experimentais e uma redu����o significativa nos n��veis de EGM apenas no grupo A. O verniz de CLX a 1% resultou em uma leve e curta redu����o nos n��veis de EGM. Este estudo demonstrou que repetidas aplica����es do verniz de clorexidina a 1% n��o aumentam o seu efeito na redu����o dos n��veis de EGM.

Qualidade de vida em gestantes no terceiro trimestre com pirose e/ou regurgita����o : contribui����o da cafe��na, acido asc��rbico e ��cidos graxos

Introdu����o: Pirose e regurgita����o s��o manifesta����es da Doen��a do Refluxo Gastresof��gico (DRGE) que ocorrem freq��entemente no terceiro trimestre da gravidez, por��m seu impacto na qualidade de vida de gestantes �� pouco conhecido. Objetivos: 1. Mensurar a qualidade de vida em gestantes no terceiro trimestre da gravidez com Pirose e Regurgita����o; 2. Avaliar a rela����o entre Pirose e Regurgita����o e a dieta. Pacientes e M��todos: Gestantes no terceiro trimestre acompanhadas ambulatorialmente foram entrevistadas para colher dados referentes �� hist��ria obst��trica, freq����ncia, intensidade e passado de P e R, qualidade de vida (mensurada a partir do question��rio gen��rico SF-36), ingest��o alimentar (avaliada por recordat��rio de 24h) e medidas antropom��tricas; Resultados: Foram estudadas consecutivamente 82 gestantes: 62 com pirose e/ou regurgita����o e 20 assintom��ticas. Pirose foi relatada por 62 (76%) gestantes e regurgita����o por 58 (71%). A idade gestacional m��dia foi 33,8��3,7 semanas, 35 (43%) apresentavam hist��ria familiar positiva de pirose e/ou regurgita����o e 57 (70%) n��o apresentavam tais sintomas fora da gravidez. Houve redu����o estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de vida das gestantes sintom��ticas nos seguintes dom��nios: Para pirose, em Limita����o F��sica e Aspectos Sociais; para regurgita����o, em Limita����o F��sica, Aspectos Sociais, Aspectos Emocionais e Dor. Houve concord��ncia entre presen��a de pirose em gesta����es passadas e a atual. Gestantes com pirose apresentaram-se significativamente com maior peso corporal. ��cidos graxos poli e monoinsaturados, cafe��na, ��cido asc��rbico e sulfato ferroso foram significativamente associados com pirose e/ou regurgita����o. Conclus��es: 1.Pirose e / ou regurgita����o diminu��ram a qualidade de vida em gestantes no terceiro trimestre; 2. ��cidos graxos, cafe��na, ��cido asc��rbico e sulfato ferroso estiveram associados com pirose e/ou regurgita����o.

S��ntese enzim��tica de ��steres de a����car: surfactantes e pol��meros como novos materiais ambientalmente seguros

Sugar esters are substances which possess surfactant, antifungical and bactericidal actions and can be obtained through two renewable sources of raw materials: sugars and vegetable oils. Their excellent biodegradability, allied to lhe fact that they are non toxic, insipid, inodorous, biocompatible, no-ionic, digestible and because they can resist to adverse conditions of temperature, pH and salinity, explain lhe crescent use of these substances in several sections of lhe industry. The objective of this thesis was to synthesize and characterize surfactants and polymers containing sugar branched in their structures, through enzymatic transesterification of vinyl esters and sugars, using alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis as catalyst, in organic medium (DMF).Three types of sugars were used: L-arabinose, D-glucose and sucrose and two types of vinyl esters: vinyl laurate and vinyl adipate. Aiming to reach high conversions from substrates to products for a possible future large scale industrial production, a serie of variables was optimized, through Design of Experiments (DOE), using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).The investigated variables were: (1) enzyme concentration; (2) molar reason of substrates; (3) water/solvent rale; (4) temperature and (5) time. We obtained six distinct sugar esters: 5-0-lauroyl L-arabinose, 6-0-lauroyl D-glucose, 1'-O-lauroyl sucrose, 5-0-vinyladipoyl L-arabinose, 6-0-vinyladipoyl D-glucose and 1 '-O-vinyladipoyl sucrose, being lhe last three polymerizable. The progress of lhe reaction was monitored by HPLC analysis, through lhe decrease of sugar concentration in comparison to lhe blank. Qualitative analysis by TLC confirmed lhe formation of lhe products. In lhe purification step, two methodologies were adopted: (1) chromatographic column and (2) extraction with hot acetone. The acylation position and lhe chemical structure were determined by 13C-RMN. The polymerization of lhe three vinyl sugar esters was possible, through chemical catalysis, using H2O2 and K2S2O8 as initiators, at 60��C, for 24 hours. IR spectra of lhe monomers and respective polymers were compared revealing lhe disappearance of lhe vinyl group in lhe polymer spectra. The molar weights of lhe polymers were determined by GPC and presented lhe following results: poly (5-0-vinyladipoyl L-arabinose): Mw = 7.2 X 104; PD = 2.48; poly (6-0-vinyladipoyl D-glucose): Mw = 2.7 X 103; PD = 1.75 and poly (1'-O-vinyladipoyl sucrose): Mw = 4.2 X 104; PD = 6.57. The six sugar esters were submitted to superficial tension tests for determination of the critical micelle concentrations (CMC), which varied from 122 to 167 ppm. Finally, a study of applicability of these sugar esters, as lubricants for completion fluids of petroleum wells was' accomplished through comparative analysis of lhe efficiency of these sugar esters, in relation to three commercial lubricants. The products synthesized in this thesis presented equivalent or superior action to lhe tested commercial products

Risco de doen��a cardiovascular em mulheres com hist��ria de dist��rbio hipertensivo da gravidez

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a disease that can lead to a high maternal and infant morbidity. Worldwide, the incidence of this disease is highly variable and there is no data on this disorder in the Brazilian population. This study aimed at determining incidence and risk factors in the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in a neighborhood of Natal, in addition to observing the evolution of these disorders one year and five years after delivery. METHODS: Prospective cohort study to assess the outcome of pregnancies of 242 women who became pregnant between 2004-2007 in the neighborhood of Bom Pastor in the city of Natal, state of RN, Brazil. Five years after delivery, there was an active search of thirty-nine (39) women who became pregnant and had a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy and/or pr��-ecl��mpsia, out of the total of 242 participants in the initial study. We administered a structured questionnaire to obtain basic information about the current clinical situation of patients and occurrences of subsequent pregnancy and presence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We also searched for information on the use of hypotensive drugs and contraceptives. The following characteristics were checked and recorded: a) current weight, b) blood pressure c) body mass index - BMI, and we collected biological samples (blood and urine) for measurement of biochemical parameters and evaluation of microalbumin��ria. Finally, we monitored the ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), which uses the method of automatic measurement of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an average of the two for the period of 24 hours. RESULTS: Out of 218 women who completed the study, the incidence of hypertensive disorders was of 16.9% (37 out of 218), while the incidence of preeclampsia was 13.8% (30 of 218). Women with preeclampsia had a BMI (body mass index) averaged of 25.3 (�� 4.8) while this ratio in normotensive women was of 23.5 (�� 3.7), p = 0.02. The risk of preeclampsia rises with age (OR 1084 p = 0.0034) and with a family history of hypertension (OR 2.6 p = 0.01). The follow-up one year after delivery revealed that 50% of women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remained hypertensive. High BMI was also observed after 5 years of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: an elevated BMI, age above 35 years and excessive weight gain during pregnancy were associated with hypertension in the long term in patients with prior preeclampsia. History of preeclampsia increases the risk of chronic hypertension

Crescimento e esporula����o de duas esp��cies de arthrobotrys corda em diferentes meios de cultura e dois ambientes

The researches on the biological control of nematodes with nematophagous fungi has been intensified in recent years. The knowledge of the ecological conditions for the growth and sporulation of these fungi is a prerequisite for attainment of pure cultures needed to attend the demand for formulation of these organisms. With the objective to evaluate the micelial growth and sporulation of Arthrobotrys musiformis and A. oligospora in two environments (B.O.D at 25 +/- 1 degrees C and the environment of the Laboratory), 20 cultures media prepared with common materials found in the communities and industrialized media such as mycological agar, PDA and CMA were evaluated. The media were tested in Petri dishes, being the micelial growth of the fungi evaluated daily, during six days. The measured sporulation at the end of the experiment was done by estimation of the number of conidia/Petri dish. The experiment was carried out in a random design following a factorial arrangement of 20 x 2 x 2, corresponding to 20 media, two fungi and two environments, with five replicates. The variance analysis of the data evidenced significant statistical difference by the F Test, at 1% probability, among media x fungi x environment interaction. Fifty percent of the tested media provided the adequate micelial growth of A. musiformis and there was no statistical difference among them, namely: cassava meal (FM), sweet starch (PD), "corn meal agar" (CMA), oat in fine flakes (AFF), agar-water + dextrose (AA+D), mycological agar (AM), potato dextrose agar (BDA), meal of maize (FMI), flour of wheat (FT) and wheat for kibble (TK). In relation to A. oligospora, 75% of the tested media promoted the maximum growth of the fungus, which are: AFF, AM, FM, PD, CMA, AA+D, BDA, FT, TK, the water from the decoction of rice (AAZ), rice in grains (AZG), triturated rice (AZT), thread flour (FR), oats flour (FA), oats in thick flakes (AFG) and flour of maize (FU). In relation to the sporulation the media that had better role for A. musiformis, in decreasing order, were: FR, TK, AFG, BDA, FA, AFF, AM, FMI, AZT and FM, varying between 1,01 x 10(6) and 1,4 x 10(4) conidia/Petri dish. For the A. oligospora sporulation, the CMA medium provided the maximum level with an estimated average of 5,7 x 10(6) conidia/Petri dish. In the general, the best media for the micelial growth and sporulation of A. musiformis had also been the best for A. oligospora. However, some that had been the best for the A. oligospora did not had been efficient for the micelial growth or the sporulation of A. musiformis, indicating that the isolate of A. musiformis in case is more demanding than that A. oligospora one. The evidences from the study indicate that, in Jaboticabal, S��o Paulo state, the growth and the sporulation of these fungi do not demand special chambers. Some adaptations of an environment at the laboratory, enough to obliterate the light are sufficient.

Karyoplast exchange between strontium- and 6-DMAP-parthenogenetically activated zygotes of cattle

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Calagem e aduba����o boratada na produ����o de feijoeiro

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplica����o de calc��rio e boro nos atributos qu��micos de um Latossolo, estado nutricional e produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro. As doses de calc��rio empregadas foram crescentes, considerando-se a satura����o por bases igual a 70%, correspondendo ��s doses: zero; 0,6; 1,2 (v = 70%); 1,8 e 2,4 t ha-1. O calc��rio utilizado apresentava poder relativo de neutraliza����o total (PRNT), poder de neutraliza����o (PN) e reatividade (RE) de 131; 137 e 95%, respectivamente. As doses de boro estudadas foram iguais a 0 (zero); 0,6; 1,2; 1,8; e 2,4 mg dm-3 de B, sendo a refer��ncia para defini����o das mesmas a de 1,2 mg dm-3 de B (ou 1,2 kg ha-1 de B). Utilizou-se como fonte o ��cido b��rico (H3BO3) p.a. (17% B). Na ��poca do florescimento foi avaliado o estado nutricional das plantas e, aos 90 dias foram avaliadas a fertilidade do solo e a produ����o de gr��os. No solo houve melhoria dos atributos pH, SB, V e na concentra����o de Ca e Mg, e do B com o emprego da aduba����o boratada. A intera����o da calagem com a aduba����o boratada promoveu maior ac��mulo de Ca, Mg e B nas plantas. Os dados apresentados demonstram que o feijoeiro foi responsivo �� calagem e �� aduba����o boratada, tendo atingido bons ��ndices de produ����o com a utiliza����o de 1,8 kg ha-1 de B com doses crescentes de calc��rio.

Comparison of selection criteria for pre-weaning growth traits of Nelore cattle

Genetic parameters were estimated for pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG) and number of days to gain 160 kg from birth to weaning (D 160) of Nelore cattle. Ranks of animals were compared for these traits. Heritability estimates were 0.17 and 0.10 for ADG (direct and maternal), and 0.14 and 0.09, for D 160 (direct and maternal). Rank correlations between expected breeding values (EBV) were 0.97 and 0.95, for direct and maternal effects, respectively. Despite similar heritability estimates and high rank correlations, results showed that changes in rank could happen when choosing the best animals according to EBV for D 160 or ADG. There were evidences that sires selected using D 160 would produce progeny that achieve a specified market weight at an earlier age and would be more uniform, since this criterion is calculated as a harmonic mean function. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.