La vivienda en la perspectiva de seguridad

El presente trabajo busca encontrar posibles conexiones entre la vivienda y el análisis de seguridad. Los avances en la teoría de la seguridad han permitido la inclusión de nuevos aspectos señalados como posibles amenazas que ameritan ser considerados dentro de la óptica de seguridad. En esta perspectiva, el tema de seguridad humana cobra fuerza y permite un análisis multidimensional incluyendo aspectos como la seguridad económica y la seguridad ambiental. En este nuevo marco, la vivienda puede encontrar un espacio para complementar el análisis de inseguridad económica, asociado a la pobreza y calidad de vida y al análisis de inseguridad ambiental vinculada a los desastres naturales y el entorno en que se ubican las viviendas. Al final se concluye que, si bien el análisis puede hacerse, el paso real hacia la securitización de estos temas exige un compromiso enorme del Estado para enfrentar el tema al nivel de una amenaza.

Un espacio para reinventar el presente.

Ideas sobre el Foro Mundial de Educación que tuvo lugar en Porto Alegre (Brasil) del 24 al 27 de octubre del 2001. Al que asistieron representantes de movimientos sociales, sindicatos, universidades, gobiernos locales, partidos políticos, grupos civiles de solidaridad y otros organismos de 60 países. Introduce el artículo hablando de las relaciones existentes entre este Foro y el Foro Social Mundial y de la situación político-cultural de Porto Alegre. A continuación hace un análisis de la organización del Foro, que gira en torno a cuatro ejes: la educación como derecho; Educación, tecnología y trabajo; Educación y Culturas; Educación, transformación y utopías. Finaliza con diversos datos clave de la inconclusa carta final..

A qualidade do ensino no curso de formaçao de docentes em duas instituçoes públicas.

Resumen inspirado en el del autor

La historia de Rose : clases populares, mujeres y ciudadanía.

El nombre del artículo es el mismo que el vídeo dirigido por Mário Nascimento y presentado en la Global 92, evento paralelo al ECO92, en Rio de Janeiro

Movimientos sociales y educación popular en tiempos de globalización.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Número monográfico con el título: Educación no formal.

Forumzinho Social Mundial : otro espacio educativo es posible.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico de a revista dedicado a las salidas escolares

PIDEC: una experiencia de investigación en enseñanza de las ciencias.

Es presenta l'experiència d’investigació desenvolupada, des de fa més de deu anys, en un programa internacional de doctorat en ensenyament de les ciències, impartit a la Universitat de Burgos (Espanya) en el marc d'un conveni amb la Universitat Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (Brasil). Es descriuen les característiques i orientacions que han guiat la formació de docents i investigadors en ensenyament de les ciències i s'exposen els resultats de les investigacions promogudes. La teoria de l'aprenentatge significatiu i les visions recents de la psicologia cognitiva són els suports teòrics subjacents a les investigacions detallades en aquest treball.

Discorrendo sobre as terceira e quarta alterações ao Código do Trabalho : a Lei 23/2012, de 25 de Junho, a Lei 47/2012, de 29 de Agosto

Depois de muitos anos sem alterações legislativas relevantes em matéria de Direito de Trabalho, assistimos em 2009, com a Lei 7/2009, de 12 de Fevereiro, a uma remodelação extremamente substancial no pensamento legislativo laboral. Não sendo aqui o momento oportuno para nos pronunciarmos sobre tais iniciáticas alterações, uma vez que já o fizemos em sede própria e no momento ideal, surgem agora em ordem sequencial, as terceira e quarta "reformas", se assim lhe quisermos chamar, sobre matérias pertinentes, controversas e que no nosso entender, poderão ainda vir a dar que falar, seja pela inovação unilateral não consentida, seja pela inconstitucionalidade que das mesmas possa ressaltar na sua prática laboral, e, sobre isso, sim, cabe tecer algumas considerações abrindo o livro das "dúvidas" aos alunos de Direito e de Solicitadoria do ISMAT.

Goal sketching and the business case

This paper describes how the business case can be characterized and used to quickly make an initial and structurally complete goal-responsibility model. This eases the problem of bringing disciplined support to key decision makers in a development project in such a way that it can be instantiated quickly and thereafter support all key decision gateways. This process also greatly improves the understanding shared by the key decision makers and helps to identify and manage load-bearing assumptions.

Long-term perspective of agile methods

Even if we have recognized many short-term benefits of agile methods, we still know very little about their long-term effects. In this panel, we discuss the long-term perspective of the agile methods. The panelists are either industrial or academic representatives. They will discuss problems and benefits related to the long-term lifecycle system management in agile projects. Ideally, the panel’s outcome will provide ideas for future research.

End-of-life practices in seven Brazilian pediatric intensive care units

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of life support limitation and medical practices in the last 48 hrs of life of children in seven Brazilian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Design. Cross-sectional multicenter retrospective study based on medical chart review. Setting: Seven PICUs belonging to university and tertiary hospitals located in three Brazilian regions: two in Porto Alegre (southern region), two in Sao Paulo (southeastern region), and three in Salvador (northeastern region). Patients. Medical records of all children who died in seven PICUs from January 2003 to December 2004. Deaths in the first 24 hrs of admission to the PICU and brain death were excluded. Interventions: Two pediatric intensive care residents from each PICU were trained to fill out a standard protocol (K = 0.9) to record demographic data and all medical management provided in the last 48 hrs of life (inotropes, sedatives, mechanical ventilation, full resuscitation maneuvers or not). Student`s t-test, analysis of variance, chi-square test, and relative risk were used for comparison of data. Measurements and Main Results. Five hundred and sixty-one deaths were identified; 97 records were excluded (61 because of brain death and 36 due to <24 hrs in the PICU). Thirty-six medical charts could not be found. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 242 children (57%) with a significant difference between the southeastern and northeastern regions (p =.0003). Older age (p = .025) and longer PICU stay (p = .001) were associated with do-not-resuscitate orders. In just 52.5% of the patients with life support limitation, the decision was clearly recorded in the medical chart. No ventilatory support was provided in 14 cases. Inotropic drug infusions were maintained or increased in 66% of patients with do-not-resuscitate orders. Conclusions. The incidence of life support limitation has increased among Brazilian PICUs but with significant regional differences. Do-not-resuscitate orders are still the most common practice, with scarce initiatives for withdrawing or withholding life support measures.

Constitutional Haploinsufficiency of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Mentally Retarded Patients With Microdeletions in 17p13.1

Chromosome microdeletions or duplications are detected in 10-20% of patients with mental impairment and normal karyotypes. A few cases have been reported of mental impairment with microdeletions comprising tumor suppressor genes. By array-CGH we detected 4 mentally impaired individuals carrying de novo microdeletions sharing an overlapping segment of similar to 180 kb in 17p13.1. This segment encompasses 18 genes, including 3 involved in cancer, namely KCTD11/REN, DLG4/PSD95, and GPS2. Furthermore, in 2 of the patients, the deletions also included TP53, the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancers. The 3 tumor suppressor genes KCTD11, DLG4, and GPS2, in addition to the GABARAP gene, have a known or suspected function in neuronal development and are candidates for causing mental impairment in our patients. Among our 4 patients with deletions in 17p13.1, 3 were part of a Brazilian cohort of 300 mentally retarded individuals, suggesting that this segment may be particularly prone to rearrangements and appears to be an important cause (similar to 1%) of mental retardation. Further, the constitutive deletion of tumor suppressor genes in these patients, particularly TP53, probably confers a significantly increased lifetime risk for cancer and warrants careful oncological surveillance of these patients. Constitutional chromosome deletions containing tumor suppressor genes in patients with mental impairment or congenital abnormalities may represent an important mechanism linking abnormal phenotypes with increased risks of cancer. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Prevalence of GJB2 (Connexin-26) and GJB6 (Connexin-30) Mutations in a Cohort of 300 Brazilian Hearing-Impaired Individuals: Implications for Diagnosis and Genetic Counseling

Objective: Hereditary nonsyndromic deafness is an autosomal recessive condition in about 80% of cases, and point mutations in the GJB2 gene (connexin 26) and two deletions in the GJB6 gene (connexin 30), del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854), are reported to account for 50% of recessive deafness, Aiming at establishing the frequencies of GJB2 mutations and GJB6 deletions in the Brazilian population, we screened 300 unrelated individuals with hearing impairment, who were not affected by known deafness related syndromes. Methods: We firstly screened the most frequently reported mutations, c.35delG and c.167delT in the GJB2 gene, and del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854) in the GJB6 gene, through specific techniques. The detected c.35delG and c.167delT mutations were validated by sequencing. Other mutations in the GJB2 gene were screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism and the coding region was sequenced when abnormal patterns were found. Results: Pathogenic mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 genes were detected in 41 individuals (13.7%), and 80.5% (33/41) presented these mutations in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis, thus explaining their hearing defect. The c.35delG in the GJB2 gene was the most frequent mutation (37/300; 12.4%), detected in 23% familial and 6.2% the sporadic cases. The second most frequent mutation (1%; 3/300) was the del(GJB6- D13S1830), always found associated with the c.35delG mutation. Nineteen different sequence variations were found in the GJB2 gene. In addition to the c.35delG mutation, nine known pathogenic alterations were detected 0 67delT, p.Trp24X, p.Val37lle, c.176_191del16, c.235delC, p.Leu90Pro, p.Arg127His, c.509insA, and p.Arg184Pro, Five substitutions had been previously considered benign polymorphisms: c.-15C>T, p.Val27lle, p.Met34hr, p.Ala40Ala, and p.Gly160Ser. Two previously reported Mutations of unknown pathogenicity were found (p.Lys168Arg, and c.684C>A), and two novel substitutions, p.Leu81Val (c.G241C) and p.Met195Val (c.A583G), both in heterozygosis without an accompanying mutation in the other allele. None of these latter four variants of undefined status was present in a sample of 100 hearing controls. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that Mutations in the GJB2 gene and del(GJB6 D13S1830) are important causes of hearing impairment in Brazil, thus justifying their screening in a routine basis. The diversity of variants in our sample reflects the ethnic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves GLUT-4 and morphological characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats with heart failure

Aim: Changes in skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are associated with limited functional capacity in heart failure, which can be attenuated by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES). The purpose of the present study was to analyse the effects of ES upon GLUT-4 protein content, fibre structure and vessel density of the skeletal muscle in a rat model of HF subsequent to myocardial infarction. Methods: Forty-four male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: sham (S), sham submitted to ES (S+ES), heart failure (HF) and heart failure submitted to ES (HF+ES). The rats in the ES groups were submitted to ES of the left leg during 20 days (2.5 kHz, once a day, 30 min, duty cycle 50%- 15 s contraction/15 s rest). After this period, the left tibialis anterior muscle was collected from all the rats for analysis. Results: HF+ES rats showed lower values of lung congestion when compared with HF rats (P = 0.0001). Although muscle weight was lower in HF rats than in the S group, thus indicating hypotrophy, 20 days of ES led to their recovery (P < 0.0001). In both groups submitted to ES, there was an increase in muscle vessel density (P < 0.04). Additionally, heart failure determined a 49% reduction in GLUT-4 protein content (P < 0.03), which was recovered by ES (P < 0.01). Conclusion: In heart failure, ES improves morphological changes and raises GLUT-4 content in skeletal muscle.

The signature of dark energy perturbations in galaxy cluster surveys

Models of dynamical dark energy unavoidably possess fluctuations in the energy density and pressure of that new component. In this paper we estimate the impact of dark energy fluctuations on the number of galaxy clusters in the Universe using a generalization of the spherical collapse model and the Press-Schechter formalism. The observations we consider are several hypothetical Sunyaev-Zel`dovich and weak lensing (shear maps) cluster surveys, with limiting masses similar to ongoing (SPT, DES) as well as future (LSST, Euclid) surveys. Our statistical analysis is performed in a 7-dimensional cosmological parameter space using the Fisher matrix method. We find that, in some scenarios, the impact of these fluctuations is large enough that their effect could already be detected by existing instruments such as the South Pole Telescope, when priors from other standard cosmological probes are included. We also show how dark energy fluctuations can be a nuisance for constraining cosmological parameters with cluster counts, and point to a degeneracy between the parameter that describes dark energy pressure on small scales (the effective sound speed) and the parameters describing its equation of state.