Estudo da associação de polimorfismos no gene MC1R com cor de pele e cor de cabelo para fins forenses

Melanin is a very important pigment to human species, and besides defining skin, eyes and hair color, it is also involved in sun exposure protection. This pigment is classified into two subtypes: pheomelanin, which is responsible for lighter pigmentation and eumelanin, the dark pigment related. Due to this type of melanin variation it is possible to found different phenotypes of hair and skin color. The genetics MC1R variations are described as the most important for diversity in pigmentation, and this gene is directly related to the complex process of melanin synthesis. The use of these variations to phenotype prediction using genetic information has been used in Europe countries to infer physical features from biological samples, with the purpose of directing searches of criminal suspects and victims identification. The aim of this study was to analyze 8 major MC1R polymorphisms in a sample of Brazilian individuals. Analyzing 91 individuals, we observed with higher frequencies the polymorphisms rs1805005:G>T, rs2228479:G>A and rs885479:G>A, which are related to skin and hair colors, as previously showed in literature. These data suggest the possibility of predicting phenotype from genetic polymorphisms in Brazilian population. However it will be necessary to analyze a larger number of individuals to be able to confirm these associations and to perform a more detailed statistical analysis

Carcinoma de células de Merckel humano e sua potencial associação com o recémdescrito poliomavírus MCPyV: avaliação preliminar de biopsias e análise de casualidade

Neoplasias malignas da pele são os cênceres mais comuns da espécie humana. No entanto há tipos raros como o Carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM), cuja incidência tem aumentado em todo mundo. O CCM possui curso agressivo, com freqüente envolvimento de nódulos linfáticos regionais e metástases à distância. Adicionalmente, afeta predominantemente idosos e imunocomprometidos, fato que levou-se a suspeita de uma possível etiologia infecciosa para essa neoplasia. Nesse foi-se isolado e descrito o MCPyV, um novo poliomavirus humano, diretamente de células tumorais do CCM. O objetivo do presente trabalho é dar continuidade à pesquisa desse novo vírus apresentando dados iniciais da pesquisa do MCPyV em número significativo de casos de CCM de pacientes brasileiros. Para tanto, foram analisadas 24 biópsias de CCM fixadas e incluídas em parafina, das quais foram extraído o material genômico e o produto submetido à PCR convencional com três pares de iniciadores descritos pela literatura (LT1, LT3 e VP1), com a finalidade de se detectar segmentos do vírus. No presente estudo o genoma viral foi detectado em 11/24 (45,8%) das amostras avaliadas, sendo que a positividade para cada par de iniciadores foi de 4/24 (16,7%) para LT1, 11/24 (45,8%) para LT3 e 4/24 (16.7%) para VP1. Essas freqüências são menores do que a relatada pela literatura e essa diferença pode ser devida a diferença nas amostras analisadas e nas técnicas empregadas. Outros estudos são necessários para comprovar a relação de causalidade, assim como desvendar o ciclo do MCPyV

Distribuição espacial e associação de habitat edáfico de Euterpe edulis Mart. em uma floresta de restinga

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Circuito espacial produtivo e círculos de cooperação dos café Fairtrade: análise da Associação dos Agricultores familiares do Córrego D'Antas (ASSODANTAS), Poços de Caldas/MG

The aim of this research project is to analyze the spatial productive circuit and circles of cooperation of Fairtrade coffee, taking as a case of study the Associação dos Agricultores Familiares do Córrego D'antas (ASSODANTAS), Poços de Caldas - MG. The main purpose is to analyze material flows (grains, supplies, etc.) established between geographically separated stages of production (production, exchange, distribution and consumption) and the relationships between the agents in order to analyze the organization and regulation of production of Fairtrade coffee. It is understood as the insertion of the Fairtrade ASSODANTAS to permit the creation of new production lines, adding value and providing greater identity and autonomy to their small farms, when compared with traditional coffee trade commodity

Há associação entre desempenho sexual e vocalização em codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica)?

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos relacionar o desempenho sexual das codornas japonesas com o canto, nos machos. Foi determinado o perfil de comportamento sexual das codornas e foi constatado que os machos apresentam diferenças individuais conspícuas entre os grupos de maus e bons copuladores. Foi descrito também a taxa de vocalização e determinados os parâmetros acústicos, entretanto mostraram-se semelhantes entre os grupos testados, apesar de apresentarem diferenças na estrutura sonográfica. Houve diferenças no índice gonadossomático entre os dois perfis, porém não se mostraram significativos. Não houve correlação entre o desempenho sexual de machos de codorna japonesa e a taxa de vocalização, apesar de uma tendência dos bons copuladores cantarem mais freqüentemente

Fácies e associação de fácies da formação Pirambóia na região de Descalvado/SP

The Pirambóia Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit of the Paraná Basin, positioned between the Corumbataí (lower) and Botucatu (upper) Formations on the eastern edge of the basin. This unit is focused by many studies due to its great importance as an essential component in the Guarani Aquifer System (SAG) and the petroleum system “Irati-Pirambóia”, as excellent reservoirs. The Pirambóia Formation is historically the subject of several controversies on issues like age, contact relationships with the upper unit and depositional paleoenvironment. Despite these aspects, the Pirambóia Formation is commonly taken to be of Triassic age and is considered a product of wet aeolian systems, with plenty of wet interdunes and subordinate fluvial facies. In this work, by using techniques such as facies analysis, depositional architecture and facies association, facies of this unit were characterized and their depositional paleoenvironment was inferred particularly in Jundu Mining, region of Descalvado in northeastern São Paulo. Techniques such as grain size and petrographic analyses, aimed to characterize this unit as a potential reservoir rock. Five facies were described for the Pirambóia Formation in the studied region: St, Sh, Sm, Sr and Gt facies, generated by sedimentary processes of the bottom load type, mostly under low flow regime (with exception for the Sh facies, which is formed by upper flow regime processes). In addition to that, four facies associations were recognized from the architectural elements, primarily contained within the main channel: complex channel bars, composed by foreset macroforms (FM), sandy bedforms (SB) and gravel bars and bedforms (GB); flood deposits, constituted by laminated sand sheets (LS); deposits of hyperconcentrated flows and eolian deposits. It was interpreted that the Pirambóia Formation in Descalvado (SP) is the record of the sedimentation of braided rivers, with dunes and interdunes deposits...

Desenvolvimento de blendas de dextranos de diferentes pesos moleculares para a obtenção de hidrogéis contendo praziquantel

O desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação de fármacos tem sido muito utilizado com o intuito de melhorar as propriedades biofarmacêuticas de fármacos. Sistemas de liberação controlada oferecem inúmeras vantagens quando comparados aos sistemas convencionais, o que os tornam candidatos promissores para a melhora da terapia de diversas doenças. Para o desenvolvimento destes sistemas, várias estratégias utilizam polímeros para modificar as propriedades farmacotécnicas das substâncias e partículas, com o objetivo de melhorar o direcionamento dos fármacos, bem como sua ação e toxicidade. Dentre estes polímeros, os mais utilizados são os polissacarídeos, por serem amplamente disponíveis e de baixo custo. São encontrados na natureza, em fontes diversas, como plantas, algas, microorganismos e animais. O dextrano, um polímero produzido por microorganismos, bem como seus derivados, têm recebido bastante atenção devido às suas características, como baixa toxicidade e alta degradabilidade enzimática, as quais o torna viável para o carreamento de fármacos. Com o dextrano é possível preparar sistemas de liberação controlada, uma vez que é possível se obter hidrogéis a partir dele, sem a utilização de reticulantes químicos. Hidrogéis são redes poliméricas tridimensionais hidrofílicas, que absorvem grande quantidade de água ou fluido biológico sem se dispersarem, o que denota a capacidade de intumescimento. Em sistemas de liberação baseados em hidrogéis, o perfil de intumescimento é uma característica de grande importância, pois pode modificar a propriedade de transporte do fármaco. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a possibilidade da produção de hidrogéis de dextrano de diferentes pesos moleculares, para modular a liberação do fármaco praziquantel, utilizado no tratamento da esquistossomose... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Comportamento de forrageamento e associação com bandos mistos da saíra-de-chapéu-preto (Nemosia pileata) (Aves, Thraupidae)

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Ambiente percebido e sua associação com a atividade física total no lazer em adultos residentes no município de Rio Claro, SP

Introduction: Given the repercussion of the important role of physical activity in the prevention of sickness and non-communicable diseases / loss, many works have been done in order to understand the association of sociodemographic characteristics with sedentarism. The elements which influence the physical activity practice are countless. Besides the intrapersonal element, environment elements (social environment, cultural environment, public politics, information environment, natural environment etc.) are also important in the life style. Yet, the way that the person understands the environment can be considered in the planning of the strategies to change the sedentary behavior. Objective: Verify the association of the environment perception with the practice of physical activity (FA) at leisure time in adults living in Rio Claro – SP. Methodology: The sample consists of 470 adults, all residente in rio Claro-SP, aged ≥ 18 years old. The chosen participants answered to the questionnaires: Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale (NEWS), International Physical Activity (IPAQ) and to a specific questionnaire with personal data (age, sex, educational level, economical level, weight, height and marital status). The analysis of the connection between the variables was done through the Logistic Regression with Confidence Interval of 95%, using the software SPSS 17.0. Those who reached the recommendation of 10 minutes or more of physical activity in leisure time for week were classified as active, and those who did not reach the recommendation were classified as underactive. Results: The proportion of subjects who practiced physical activity in leisure time was 38,7%, and the male subjects, as well as those classified as better social level showed higher chances to practice at least 10 minutes weekly of physical activity during leisure. Still, walking the dog, soccer fields and gardens near the house (less than 10 walking minutes), were...

Associação entre mesoplasma sp e formigas da tribo Attini (Hymenoptera, formicidae)

As formigas da tribo Attini apresentam reconhecida simbiose com microrganismos: fungos mutualistas basidiomicetos nas famílias Lepiotaceae e Pterulaceae cultivados pelas formigas, bactérias actinomicetas ou no gênero Burkholderia produtoras de antibióticos contra fungos entomopatogênicos, fungos ascomicetos do gênero Escovopsis micófagos para o mutualista, e comensais como fungos, leveduras e bactérias que degradam celulose. Um novo mutualista é descrito no presente trabalho: uma espécie de bactéria no gênero Mesoplasma, detectada via PCR para 16S no DNA genômico de Attini derivadas (gêneros Acromyrmex, Atta, Serycomyrmex e Cyphomyrmex), intermediárias (Trachymyrmex) e basais (Apterostigma, Mycetarotes, Mycocepurus e Mycetagroicos). Uma única linhagem de Mesoplasma com baixíssima diversidade 16S esteve presente nas Attini, mas não em formigas de tribos filogeneticamente próximas a Attini, como Dolichoderini (Tapinoma sp), Camponotini (Camponotus sp), Cephalotini (Cephalotes sp), Crematogastrini (Crematogaster sp), Pheidolini (Pheidole sp) e Ponerini (Pachycondyla sp), indicando uma simbiose Mesoplasma-Attini recente e específica.

Associação do hormônio tireoidiano ao estrógeno em células de rato ROS 17/2.8 (modelo experimental de células osteoblásticas)

Os mecanismos pelos quais o hiper e hipotireoidismo afetam o osso durante a menopausa são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ação do hormônio triiodotironina (T3), em diferentes concentrações associado ao estrógeno (E2) em concentração infra-fisiológica (condição de menopausa), sobre a proliferação de células de rato ROS 17/2.8, através de uma curva de crescimento para obtenção do tempo de dobramento (TD). As células ROS 17/2.8 são consideradas modelo de células osteoblásticas e foram cultivadas em meio HAM F-12, e submetidas ao tratamento hormonal com as combinações das concentrações fisiológica, infrafisiológica e suprafisiológica de T3 e infra-fisiológica de E2. Utilizamos como grupo controle aquele tratado com as concentrações fisiológicas dos dois hormônios. Para cada concentração hormonal foram realizadas 5 repetições, e as células contadas manualmente nos dias 1, 3, 5 e 7, após o início da adição hormonal. A análise estatística utilizada foi a técnica da análise de variância não paramétrica, complementada com teste de comparações múltiplas. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o crescimento das células ROS 17/2.8 é afetado pelos tratamentos hormonais, em especial quando a concentração infrafisiológica de E2 está associada à concentração suprafisiológica de T3, aumentando o tempo de dobramento celular. Este efeito poderia tornar o metabolismo do osso mais lento, prejudicando a neoformação óssea em pacientes menopausadas e hipertireoidéas

Associação entre expressão de receptores TLR2 e TLR4 e produção de TNF-alpha e IL-10 por monócitos de gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific syndrome characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, with higher intensity than that observed in normal pregnancy. Cells of the immune system, such as monocytes and granulocytes are endogenously activated and secrete high levels of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to assess the activation state of monocytes from pregnant women with preeclampsia by endogenous expression of TLR2 e TLR4 receptors and to correlate the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes surface of pregnant women with PE with the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- and interleukin-10 (IL-10) by these cells stimulated or not with peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as agonists agents of TLR2 and TLR4, respectively. We evaluated 15 pregnant women with PE, 15 normotensive pregnant women (NT) and 15 non-pregnant (NP). Peripheral blood monocytes were incubates in the presence or absence of LPS or PG. The supernatant obtained after 18h of culture was aspirated and used for TNF- and IL-10 determination by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The endogenous expression of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors was evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed significant highly concentrations of TNF- and TLR4 expression in monocytes of preeclamptic women when compared with NT and NP. Normal pregnant women presented higher levels of IL-10 in comparison with PE and NP groups. TLR2 expression was similar in the three groups studied. Therefore, our study highlights the important role of TLR4 in PE and the consequent high production of TNF- by monocytes of these patients, as well as the potential mechanism involving low levels of IL-10 in the pathophysiology of the disease. These observations demonstrate the strong link between the pathology of PE and the immune system of these patients

Avaliação da atenuação da toxicidade de lodo de esgoto por associação com resíduo vegetal da indústria sucro-alcooleira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Exposição perinatal ao chumbo e desnutrição intra-uterina, isoladamente ou em associação: efeitos cardiovasculares em ratos recém-desmamados

Plumbism is considered the oldest occupational disease. Among the pathophysiological effects associated with lead (Pb) are cardiovascular disorders. Many diseases that develop later in life are determined during the early stages of life, under the influence of exposure and preferred diet of the mother. Still, one should consider that many environmental contaminants at levels not harmful can determine pathophysiological processes if physical or chemical stressors and/or pathological conditions are present. In this context, the intrauterine malnutrition may represent an additional risk factor in exposure to Pb during pregnancy and lactation. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of weaned rats that have suffered perinatal exposure to Pb and intrauterine malnutrition, alone or in combination. After mating, female rats were divided into control (ctrl, ad libitum), food restriction (RA, the same diet 50% of consumption in the control group during pregnancy), exposed to Pb (500 ppm Pb in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation) and association (As, received the last two procedures in combination). Cumulative concentration-effect curves (CECs) to CaCl2 and noradrenaline (NA) were obtained in rings with and without endothelium of the same thoracic aorta from male weaned rats (23-25 days old). Maternal weight, litter weight, weight and number of pups at birth, anogenital distance, arterial blood pressure (ABP) and weight of tissues (kidney, liver, aorta, left ventricle) were evaluated. Changes in vascular reactivity were assessed by the maximum response (MR) and 50% effective concentration (EC50). Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by multifactorial analysis of variance and Tukey's post test. Body weight of dams did not differ between the experimental groups, except on the...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Associação entre posicionamento do aluno na sala de aula e desempenho escolar

This research was aimed at analyzing whether there is an association between the positioning of the pupil in the classroom and his academic performance, as well as to diagnose the main factors underlying the association. Thus, this study analyzed 4 Elementary School II institutions of both public and private educational systems, in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil during a school year bimester. To register the positions students were seated, 29 similar classes (containing 6 rows x 6 columns) were investigated, each one with around 30 students, which resulted in a sampling of 859 students. For the questionnaire application, which objective was to verify the main reason for students’ seat choice, the same 29 classes were investigated. However, the sampling number was reduced to 692 students. In turn, for the collection of school performance and absence percentage of each student for the bimester in question, teachers’ evaluation books were used. As a result, it was found that the lower the percentage of the student's absences, the greater is their performance at school, and the greater their performance at school is, the closer up front to the board they are seated. Finally, the closer up to the board they are seated, the more their motivation and interest in learning increase. Therefore, there is an association between the position of a student in the classroom and his or her academic performance, where the association is conditioned by the motivation and interest in learning