Incipient colonisation of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the city of Resistencia, province of Chaco, Argentina (2010-2012)

Lutzomyia longipalpis was recorded for the first time in Argentina in 2004, in the province of Formosa. In the following years, the vector spread to the south and west in the country and was recorded in the province of Chaco in 2010. From November 2010-May 2012, captures of Phlebotominae were made in the city of Resistencia and its surroundings, to monitor the spread and possible colonisation of Lu. longipalpis in the province of Chaco. In this monitoring, Lu. longipalpis was absent in urban sampling sites and its presence was restricted to Barrio de los Pescadores. This suggests that the incipient colonisation observed in 2010 was not followed by continuous installation of vector populations and expansion of their spatial distribution as in other urban centres of Argentina.

The Farm, the city, and the emergence of social security

We study the social, demographic and economic origins of social security. The data for the U.S. and for a cross section of countries suggest that urbanization and industrialization are associated with the rise of social insurance. We describe an OLG model in which demographics, technology, and social security are linked together in a political economy equilibrium. In the model economy, there are two locations (sectors), the farm (agricultural) and the city (industrial) and the decision to migrate from rural to urban locations is endogenous and linked to productivity differences between the two locations and survival probabilities. Farmers rely on land inheritance for their old age and do not support a pay-as-you-go social security system. With structural change, people migrate to the city, the land loses its importance and support for social security arises. We show that a calibrated version of this economy, where social security taxes are determined by majority voting, is consistent with the historical transformation in the United States.

City of Silver City, Auditor of State's Report on Reaudit, For the Period July 1, 2002 through June 30, 2003

City Audit Report

Membership and internal democracy. Immigrant organisations in the city of Oslo

Immigrant organisations in the City of Oslo receive support from the government for their daily operation. In order to receive such support, each organisation must be membership-based and have internal democratic procedures. This paper raises the question of how we can understand this combination of support for ethnic based organisations and requirements of membership and internal democracy. It explores the usefulness of two partly overlapping ways of understanding this policy and discusses their interrelationship. Firstly, within the context of the crisis of multiculturalism, the paper discusses whether this combination is based on the aim of strengthening the organisations’ procedural commitment to liberal-democratic principles. Secondly, the paper analyses whether requirements of membership and internal democracy can mainly be understood within the framework of the Nordic model of voluntary organisation. By comparing the policy at three empirical levels, the paper concludes that this combination can mainly be understood within the framework of the traditional historical Nordic model, but that there is an ambiguity in this policy related to minority rights.

Audit report on the City of LeClaire, Iowa for the year ending June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of LeClaire, Iowa for the year ending June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Gilbertville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Gilbertville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Nevada, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Nevada, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Atlantic, Iowa for the year ending June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Atlantic, Iowa for the year ending June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Durant, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Durant, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Mount Ayr, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Mount Ayr, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Hazleton, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Hazleton, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Wall Lake, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Wall Lake, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Grimes, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Grimes, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Council Bluffs, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.

Audit report on the City of Council Bluffs, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006.