Socio-economic and marketing aspects of Laila and Bottom Long Line fisheries in the Kalpitiya peninsula of Sri Lanka

Surrounding Net Fishery (laila) and Bottom Long Line Fishery which operate in the coastal waters of Kalpitiya Peninsula, compete for the same fish resources, resulting in a fishery dispute between the respective fishermen. Both fisheries target demersal as well as mid pelagic fishes, such as travellys (parava), mullets (galmalu) and barracudas (ulava). As the dispute had an adverse impact on the social harmony in the fishing community of the area, a socio-economic survey was conducted to study the underlying factors and to suggest policy measures to resolve the issue. The laila fishermen were resident fishermen in the Kalpitiya Peninsula while bottom long line fishermen were migratory fishermen from Negombo and Chilaw areas in the west coast of Sri Lanka. The Kalpitiya peninsula is located in the North West coast, some 50 km away from the west coast. Although the educational level and literacy rate of the laila community was below that of the bottom long line community, the laila community was economically better off. The net economic returns from laila fishery were superior to that from bottom long line fishery. The boat owner's and crew's share per operation of laila fishery were Rs.3,736 and Rs.947 respectively. The same figures for bottom long line fishery were Rs.588 and Rs.327 respectively. The resource rent from laila fishery was Rs.5,860, however, and much higher than that for bottom long line fishery (Rs.275), showing that the laila fishery exploits the targeted fish resource at a much higher rate compared to bottom long line fishery. This situation badly affects the equitable distribution of resources between the two fishing communities and results in unequal economic gains. Based on the findings of this study, certain input/output controls are proposed to address this problem, among which is the need to increase license fee for laila fishery units to offset the higher exploitation rate of fish resources.

Far-infrared emission and absorption by hot carriers in superlattices

Some of the earliest theoretical speculation, stimulated by the growth of semiconductor superlattices, focused on novel devices based on vertical transport through engineered band structures; Esaki and Tsu promised Bloch oscillators in narrow mini-band systems and Kazarinov and Suris contemplated electrically stimulated intersubband transitions as sources of infrared radiation. Nearly twenty years later these material systems have been perfected, characterized and understood and experiments are emerging that test some of these original concepts for novel submillimetre wave electronics. Here we describe recent experiments on intersubband emission in quantum wells stimulated by resonant tunnelling currents. A critical issue at this time is devising a way to achieve population inversion. Other experiments explore 'saturation' effects in narrow miniband transport. Thermal saturation may be viewed as a precursor to Bloch oscillation if the same effects can be induced with an applied electric field.

CHARACTERIZATION OF OHS1, AN ARGININE/LYSINE AMIDASE FROM THE VENOM OF KING COBRA (OPHIOPHAGUS HANNAH)

In this paper, we present the results of purification and characterization of an arginine/lysine amidase from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah (OhS1). It was purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. It is a protein of about 43,000, consisting of a single polypeptide chain. It is a minor component in the venom. The purified enzyme was capable of hydrolysing several tripeptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates having either arginine or lysine as the C-terminal residue. We studied the kinetic parameters of OhS1 on six these chromogenic substrates. OhS1 did not clot fibrinogen. Electrophoresis of fibrinogen degraded with OhS1 revealed the disappearance of the alpha- and beta-chains and the appearance of lower mel. wt fragments. OhS1 had no hemorrhagic activity. It did not hydrolyse casein, nor did it act on blood coagulation factor X, prothrombin and plasminogen. The activity of OhS1 was completely inhibited by NPGB, PMSF, DFP, benzamidine and soybean trypsin inhibitor, suggesting it is a serine protease. Metal chelator (EDTA) had no effect on it.

Ion beam, focused ion beam, and plasma discharge machining

Non-conventional methods of machining are used for many engineering applications where the traditional processes fail to be cost-effective. Such processes include Ion Beam Machining (IBM), focused ion beam (FIB) machining and plasma discharge machining. The mechanisms of material removal and associated hardware and software developed for industrial applications of these fascinating electro-physical and chemical machining processes are reviewed together with the latest research findings. © 2009 CIRP.

保安湖扁担塘螺类生产力的研究 Ⅲ.长角涵螺的周年生产量

采用三种方法对扁担塘长角涵螺的周年生产量进行了测算 ,结果表明 ,三种方法得到的生产量及P/B系数吻合较好。生产量的带壳湿重和去壳干重分别是 :体长频率法 ,2 .0 88g·m 2 ·a 1 ,0 .1 0 3g·m 2 ·a 1 ;Allen曲线法 ,2 .1 2 2g·m 2 ·a 1 ,0 .1 0 6g·m 2 ·a 1 ;瞬时生长率法 ,2 .2 73g·m 2 ·a 1 ,0 .1 1 4g·m 2 ·a 1 。对应的P/B系数为 4.3 ,4.3 ,4.0。

Anxiety reduction through detachment: subjective, physiological, and neural effects.

The ability to volitionally regulate emotions helps to adapt behavior to changing environmental demands and can alleviate subjective distress. We show that a cognitive strategy of detachment attenuates subjective and physiological measures of anticipatory anxiety for pain and reduces reactivity to receipt of pain itself. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we locate the potential site and source of this modulation of anticipatory anxiety in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate and anterolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively.

扁担塘螺类生产力的研究Ⅱ.纹沼螺的周年生产量

采用四种方法对扁担塘纹沼螺的周年生产量进行了测算 ,结果表明 ,四种方法得到的生产量吻合极好。生产量的去壳干重和带壳湿重分别是 :体长频度法 ,1 78.0 7mg·m- 2 ·a- 1 ,4998.40mg·m- 2 ·a- 1 ;减员累计法 ,1 74.50mg·m- 2 ·a- 1 ,4898.2 0mg·m- 2 ·a- 1 ;Allen曲线法 ,1 74 50mg·m- 2 ·a- 1 ,4898.2 0m- 2 ·a- 1 ;瞬时生长率法 ,1 78.1 4mg·m- 2 ·a- 1 ,50

中国轮藻新植物和新记录

本文报道了轮藻科1新种、2新变种及4个中国新记录:不等丽藻 Nitella inaequabilis sP.nov,分叉丽藻齿网变种N.furcata var.dentireticulata var.nov.;普生轮藻等苞变种 Chara vulgaris var.aequibracteata var.nov.;裂顶丽藻 Nitella partita Nordst.;过渡丽藻N.transilis T.F.Allen;布洛丽藻 N.blowiana J.Grove;娇小丽藻 N.pulchella T.

An automata theoretic decision procedure for the propositional mu-calculus

The propositional mu-calculus is a propositional logic of programs which incorporates a least fixpoint operator and subsumes the propositional dynamic logic of Fischer and Ladner, the infinite looping construct of Streett, and the game logic of Parikh. We give an elementary time decision procedure, using a reduction to the emptiness problem for automata on infinite trees. A small model theorem is obtained as a corollary.