916 resultados para Agua-Distribución


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OBJECTIVES: This paper was meant to analyse distribution of HbS carriers in Brazil, comprising its regional prevalence and the relationship with racial settlement and age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 67,667 blood samples from 48 Brazilian towns were analysed from 1976 to 1988. Such samples were classified as Caucasoid and Negroid. The diagnosis was defined by means of qualitative electrophoresis in alkaline and acid pH, quantification of haemoglobin fractions, cytological studies and some cases were confirmed after examination of the parents. RESULTS: The study of those 67,667 samples allowed us to detect 1,492 HbS carriers (2.2%). That frequency is higher among Negroids (5.16%) than among Caucasoids (1.22%): Z = 22.1397 (Zcritical; 0.05 = 1.9600). Taking the HbS carrier distribution into consideration, we noticed that it is relatively homogeneous among Negroids and higher than 5% in 9 out of the 16 areas involved in the study. By classifying the age group of the areas in the general sample and by comparing the proportions, we found out that there are significant differences (chi 2 = 50.88; chi 2 critical; 0.05; 5 gl = 11.070). CONCLUSIONS: Sickle-cell anaemia diseases play an important role among the pathologies found in several countries, including Brazil. This paper shows that the carriers prevalence varies in the several areas under study and is higher among Negroids in almost all of them. The decreasing frequency occurring from North to South in the general samples and among Caucasoids may be assigned to the contribution of the Negroes in the interracial crossing, particularly in the Northeast.

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Documento preparado con ocasión de la visita del Presidente de Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, a Brasil, Chile y El Salvador en Marzo 2011

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El Sistema de Cuentas Ambientales y Económicas del Agua (SCAE-Agua) proporciona el marco conceptual para la organización coherente y consistente de la información hídrica y económica. El presente manual está basado en el Sistema de Cuentas Ambientales y Económicas 2003 (Naciones Unidas, 2003) que describe la interacción entre el sistema económico y el medio ambiente, cubriendo todo el espectro de los recursos naturales y el medio ambiente. Tanto el SCAE-2003 como el SCAE-Agua, tienen como marco básico el Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales 1993 que es el sistema estándar para la compilación de estadísticas económicas y de los indicadores económicos derivados, entre los que destaca el Producto Interno Bruto.

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