Fatty acids, fibre, carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to glucose metabolism in subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes : a cross-sectional analysis

Fatty acids, fibre, carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to glucose metabolism in subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes a cross-sectional analysis Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disorder of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, resulting from genetics, environmental influences and interactions between these. The disease is characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, hepatic glucose overproduction and disordered fat mobilization and storage. The literature on associations between dietary factors and glucose metabolism is inconsistent. One factor behind the discrepant results may be genetic heterogeneity of study populations. Data on nutrient-gene interactions in relation to glucose metabolism are scarce. Thus, investigating high-risk populations and exploring nutrient-gene interactions are essential for improving the understanding of T2D aetiology. Ideally, this information could help to develop prevention programmes that take into account the genetic predisposition to the disease. In this study, associations between measures of glucose metabolism predicting T2D and fatty acids, antioxidative nutrients and fibre were examined in a high-risk population, i.e., in non-diabetic relatives of affected patients. Interactions between the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and fatty acids on glucose metabolism were taken into consideration. This common polymorphism plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The inverse associations observed between dietary fibre and insulin resistance are consistent with the prevailing recommendations urging increased intake of fibre to prevent T2D. Beneficial associations observed between the intake of carotenoids and glucose levels stress that a high consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries rich in carotenoids might also play a role in the prevention of T2D. Whether tocopherols have an independent association with glucose metabolism remains questionable. Observed interactions between fatty acids and glucose metabolism suggest that a high intake of palmitic acid is associated with high fasting glucose levels mainly in female Ala allele carriers. Furthermore, the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism may modify the metabolic response to dietary marine fat. The beneficial associations of high intake of marine n 3 fatty acids with insulin resistance and glucose levels may be restricted to carriers of the Ala allele. The findings pertain to subjects with a family history of T2D, and the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes inferences about causality. Results nevertheless show that associations of dietary factors with glucose metabolism may be modulated by the genetic makeup of an individual. Additional research is warranted to elucidate the role of probably numerous nutrient-gene interactions, some of which may be sex-specific, in the aetiology of T2D.

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Valence states and magnetic properties of LaNi1-xMnxO3 (for 0≤x≤0.2 and x=0.5)

Single-phase LaNi1-xMnxO3 samples in the compositional range 00.05, but any motional enthalpy appears to remain small ( Delta Hm approximately=0). The x=0.1 sample exhibits ferrimagnetic spin glass behaviour below 40K, and the ferromagnetic interactions increase with manganese concentration. The oxide with x=0.50 is ferromagnetic with a well defined Curie temperature.

Oxidation of Abel's ketone and similar spiroketones with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4- benzoquinone (DDQ). Synthesis of novel tropone derivatives

The structure of the novel product obtained from the oxidation of Abel's ketone (1a) and similar spiroketones (1b–d) with 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone has been determined on basis of spectral data (i.r., n.m.r., and mass)

Purification of antibodies for the cytokinin N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine by affinity chromatography.

Isopentenyl adenosine antibodies useful in the investigations of the "cytokinin" functions of isopentenyl adenosine were purified by affinity chromatography. Using different affinity columns, the antibodies were purified to near complete purity. Analyses of the purified proteins revealed the presence of isopentenyl adenosine binding proteins in normal rabbit serum, which presence supports a suggested role for isopentenyl adenosine and its related compounds in animal cell division in vivo.

Pressure dependence of 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance in 2,5-, 2,6- and 3,5-dichlorophenols

Pressure dependence of the 35Cl Nuclear Quadrupole Resonances (N.Q.R.) in 2,5-, 2,6- and 3,5-dichlorophenols (DCP) has been studied up to a pressure of about 6·5 kbar at room temperature. While the pressure dependence of the two resonance lines in 2,6-DCP is essentially similar, the lower frequency line in 2,5-DCP is almost pressure independent and the higher frequency line shows a linear variation with pressure upto about 3·5 kbar but shows a negative pressure coefficient beyond this pressure. The two lines in 3,5-DCP have a non-linear pressure dependence with the curvature changing smoothly with pressure. The pressure coefficient for both lines becomes negative beyond a pressure of 5 kbar. The pressure dependence of the N.Q.R. frequencies is discussed in relation to intra- and inter-molecular contacts. Also, a thermodynamic analysis of the data is carried out to determine the constant volume temperature derivative of the N.Q.R. frequency.

Unusual products of oxidation with Cr(VI) of methyl 5-methyl-7-methoxy-8-isopropyl-3,4-2-naphthoate

Abstract is not available.

The structure of 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,2,2-cyclopropanetetracarbonitrile

Crystals of C I4HsN40 are monoclinic, space group P21, Unit-cell constants are a = 13.241(4), b = 7.446 (2), c = 6.436 (2)/A, B= 93.23 (2) °. V= 633.5 /A3, Z = 2, Dob s = 1.30 (flotation), Dealt = 1.300 Mg m -3 and #(Cu Ka) = 0.72 mm -1. The structure, solved by direct methods, has been refined to an R value of 3.5% using 1245 intensity measurements. The combined effect of electron-withdrawing and –donating substituents on the geometry of the cyclopropane ring is discussed.

Vibrational assignments of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. Normal vibrations of oxazolidine-2-one and -2-thione

Infrared spectra of oxazolidine-2-one (Oxo), -2-thione (Oxt) and their N-deuteriated derivatives have been measured over the range 4000-20 cm−1. The fundamental frequencies of these molecules have been assigned on the basis of normal coordinate calculations carried out using a Urey-Bradley potential function supplemented with valence type constants for the out-of-plane modes of the planar skeleton. The results of the vibrational analyses are discussed and correlated with the assignments available for the other related five membered heterocyclic molecules.

Studies in metal-ammonia reduction. Part 4. Reduction and reductive methylation of 7-methoxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthren-1(2H)-one and 7-methoxy-1,2-dihydrophenanthren-4(3H)-one

Birch reduction and reductive methylations of the title compounds have been investigated. 7-Methoxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthren-1(2H)-one (2) yields the cis-3,4,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-derivative (15) while the 7-methoxy-1,2-dihydrophenanthren-4(3H)-one (5) is reduced to the corresponding 1,2,9,10-tetrahydro-derivative (7). The factors influencing the mechanism of the reduction process have been discussed. The reductive methylation products of the ketone (2) are useful substrates in the synthesis of 9-methyl steroids.

Structure of (4S)-2,4-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3(4H),6-dione

C13HI3N302, orthorhombic, P2~2121, a = 17.443 (5), b = 11.650 (4), c = 5.784 (1)/~, Z = 4, d m = 1.456, d c = 1.429 Mg m -3, F(000) = 512, g(Cu Ka) = 0.843 mm-L The R index is 0.040 for 1358 significant reflections. The structure is stabilized by C-H...O interactions. The N-methylated eis peptide group which forms part of a six-membered ring is non-planar. The torsion angle about the peptide bond is -6.1 (4) ° and the peptide bond length is 1.337 (3) A.

Presence of 2-methylthioribosyl-trans-zeatin in Azotobacter vinelandii tRNA.

Hydroxylated cytokinin, 2-methylthio-N6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl) adenosine, was found in the tRNA of Azotobacter vinelandii. This cytokinin had the trans configuration, unlike the cis configuration reported for that from other bacteria. Culture-condition-dependent changes in the content of this thiocytokinin and a few other thionucleosides in the tRNA of this bacterium have been observed.

Iron(II, III) complexes with N, N'-DI(2-)Pyridyl Thiourea. Moumlssbauer and other spectroscopic studies

Several iron(II, III) complexes of N, N'-di(2-)pyridyl thiourea have been synthesized. The preparation of the complexes from iron(III) salts proceeds through a reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) followed by a subsequent reoxidation. The Moumlssbauer, electronic and infrared spectra of these complexes have been measured. The results are concordant with the coordination of pyridine nitrogens and thiocarbonyl sulfur yielding polymeric complexes. A variable temperature NMR study of the free ligand shows that two conformation are accessible for it in solution at subambient temperatures.

Amide catalysed facile isomerization of 5,6-dihydroisoquinolines: synthesis of stable 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines

Stable 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines have been synthesized by an amide catalysed novel isomerization reaction of 5,6-dihydroisoquinolines.