Description of sediments, epoch, calcium carbonate, orgnic carbon, geolipids and mass accumulation rate at DSDP Holes 92-597A, 92-600 and 92-601B

Low concentrations of organic carbon in slowly accumulating sediments from Sites 597, 600, and 601 reflect a history of low marine productivity in the subtropical South Pacific since late Oligocene times. The distributions of n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, and n-alkanols provide evidence of the microbial alteration of sediment organic matter. Landderived hydrocarbons, possibly from eolian transport, dominate n-alkane distributions in these samples.

(Table T1) Carbon composition and biogenic silica of ODP Hole 199-1221C sediments

The Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundary, at ~55 Ma, is characterized by a transient warm period lasting 10,000 yr. This interval is globally characterized by significant chemical and biological signals. Ocean Drilling Program Core 199-1221C-11X captured the P/E boundary section at a depth of 154 meters composite depth. Biogenic components of the sediment were measured across this interval in order to better define the events that occurred at the P/E boundary in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. A 26-cm interval low in CaCO3 was identified, whereas biogenic silica and organic carbon remained unchanged. Although CaCO3, biogenic silica, and organic carbon (C-org) production is controlled by different constraints, it is unlikely that an environmental factor would cease production by CaCO3-producing organisms without affecting biogenic silica or C-org production. The data indicate that the CaCO3 P/E boundary event was caused by a change in CaCO3 preservation rather than a change in CaCO3 production.

Cow index of keep and profit : a table that lists all items of expense, income, and profit or loss per year of any cow, if her production is known /

"April 1913."

Sediment rates and structures in Bay of Kiel, Baltic Sea

Density and diversity of bottom fauna population as dependent on sediment types and water depth is largely well known in Kiel Bay. This is in contrast to structures and processes of bioturbation, although generally it has a big influence on the benthic boundary layer and its processes, e.g., the metabolism of the bottom fauna, the mechanical properties, the age dating, and the large field of chemical processes. In the densely inhabited sands and muddy sands of the shallower waters with sediment thicknesses of some decimeters only, bioturbation is usually ubiquitous, and most of the structures left are monotonously of "biodeformational" character. At greater water depths, however, where a sedimentary column of several meters of Holocene is developed, the X-ray radiographs of numerous sediment cores show heterogeneous biogenic structures with regional and stratigraphical differentiation. They are described in terms of ichnofabrics and are interpreted on ethological knowledge of the related macrobenthos species. lmportant organisms creating specific traces include the bivalve Arctica (Cyprina) islandica and the polychaete worm Pectinaria koreni. These species are abundant in Kiel Bay and produce by their crawling-plowing mode of locomotion, a characteristic biogenic stratification, the "plow-sole structure". Other typical biogenic structures are tube traces, which are left by a number of different polychaetes occurring either singly, or as U-pairs mainly in mud sediments. Although sea urchins are rare to absent in Kiel Bay, layers of their characteristic traces Scolicia occur as witness of paleohydrographic events in channel sediments of the central bay. Plow-sole traces, polychaete-tube ichnofabric, Scolicia layers and alternations of laminated and bioturbated layers are considered as building blocks of a future "ichnostratigraphy" of Kiel Bay.