Nenneguya garavelli n. sp and Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp (Myxozoa : Myxobolidae) in the gills of Cyphocharax nagelli (Osteichthyes : Curimatidae) from Rio do Peixe Reservoir, Sao Jose do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil

The present work describes myxozoans found in Cyphocharax nagelli (Characiformes: Curimatinae) commonly called saguiru collected from Rio do Peixe Reservoir, Sao Jose do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil. From a total of 38 examined fish, 24 were infected with Henneguya garavelli n. sp. (63% prevalence) and two with Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp. (5% prevalence) in the gills. Spores were studied by staining and fresh spores were observed by differential interference contrast optics. Henneguya garavelli n. sp. differs from Henneguya iheringi , Henneguya occulta, Henneguya cesarpintoi, Henneguya santae, Henneguya pisciforme, Henneguya amazonica, Henneguya striolata, Henneguya leporinicola and Henneguya chydadea in spore length and from Henneguya travassosi, Henneguya adherens, Henneguya malabarica, Henneguya piaractus and also Henneguya chydadea in polar capsule length and tail length. Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp. was very different when compared to other species of Myxobolus in its morphology and the biggest size of spore body. The authors present tables with comparative measurements of Brazilian myxozoan parasites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Changes in biomass, chemical composition and nutritive value of Spartina alterniflora due to organic pollution in the Itanhaém River Basin (SP, Brazil)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

First record of Trypanosoma sp. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) in tuvira (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) in the Pantanal wetland, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi reportar a infecção por Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) oriundas do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, Brasil. Dez peixes provenientes do rio Paraguai, Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, foram avaliados quanto à presença de hemoflagelados. Tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma sp. foram observados nas extensões sanguíneas de três peixes (30% de prevalência), e algumas formas encontravam-se em divisão. Por meio do exame a fresco e da centrifugação do sangue em capilar de hematócrito como métodos para diagnóstico, a taxa de prevalência foi de 80%. Esse é o primeiro relato de Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras no Brasil.

Cryptococcus haglerorum, sp nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens

A yeast strain (CBS 8902) was isolated from the nest of a leaf-cutting ant and was shown to be related to Cryptococcus humicola. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the 26S ribosomal DNA and physiological characterization revealed a separate taxonomic position. A novel species named Cryptococcus haglerorum is proposed to accommodate strain CBS 8902 that assimilates n-hexadecane and several benzene compounds. Physiological characteristics distinguishing the novel species from some other members of the C. humicola complex are presented. The phylogenetic relationship of these strains to species of the genus Trichosporon Behrend is discussed.

Sympodiomyces attinorum sp nov., a yeast species associated with nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens

Four strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from laboratory nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens in Brazil. Three strains were found in older sponges and one was in a waste deposit in the ant nests. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that the novel species, named Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., is phylogenetically related to Sympodiomyces parvus. Unlike Sympodiomyces parvus, Sympodiomyces attinorum can ferment glucose, assimilate methyl alpha-D-glucoside, salicin and citrate, and grow at 37 degreesC, thus enabling these two species to be distinguished. Differentiation from other related species is possible on the basis of other growth characteristics. The type strain of Sympodiomyces attinorum is UNESP-S156(T) (=CBS 9734(T)=NRRL Y-27639(T)).

Synonymy of the yeast genera Moniliella and Trichosporonoides and proposal of Moniliella fonsecae sp nov and five new species combinations

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The occurrence of Crepidobothrium sp. (Cestoda, Proteocephalidae) in Bothrops moojeni (Hoge) (Serpentes, Viperidae)

The occurrence of Crepidobothrium sp.(Cestoda, Proteocephalidae) in the intestine of Bothrops moojeni (Hoge,1965)(Serpentes, Viperidae) is reported. The host snake was rescued from the fauna in Porto Primavera dam, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The snake died in captivity on July 13,1999. At necropsy, 28 tapeworms were found in the snake intestine. The analysis of specimens morphology allowed the conclusion that they belong to the Crepidobothrium (Monticelli, 1900) genus. It was not possible to determine the Crepidobothrium species due to the lack of the gravid proglottids. This is the first report of B. moojeni as a host of cestodes.

Evaluation of mango loss (Mangifera indica L.) in the retail market of Botucatu-SP

Losses in the mango commercialization process in Brazil has reduced its offer to the consumer. The present study aims at determining these losses in different purchase sites of the retail market, its causes and suggestions for reducing them. Twenty two retail points, including supermarkets, greengroceries and free fair were selected in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The total amount commercialized was 114 ton/year. The following average losses were verified for each mango variety: 'Tommy Atkins'(11, 5%), Haden (12, 4%) and 12, 7% for other varieties. The total loss in retail market reached US$ 25.231,00 corresponding to 14 tons. The average loss percentage observed is compatible with previous studies running in other cities. The results suggest the need of better management, the exposure of the fruit to the consumer, technology in the transportation of the fruits and most appropriate storage for maintaining the quality and the reduction of losses. The results show the need of higher investment in technical personnel reskilling in fruit and vegetable sector.

Avaliação da composição química, atividade antioxidante, antibacteriana, antinoceptiva, antiinflamatória e toxicidade do extrato metanólico e frações de folhas de Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae)

Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as cajá-umbu, is an endemic plant from Northeastern Brazil, where their leaves are widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory processes, while their fruits have a great agro industrial potential. This study was designed to evaluate hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the acute toxicity and repeated dose 28, using a methanolic extract (MES), a fraction rich in flavonoids (FRF) and a precipitate from Spondias sp.leaves. The antioxidant activity of them was valued to evaluate their free radical scavenger capacity by DPPH test, whereas MES and FRF were used to evaluate while the preventive action on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Seven groups (n=5) of female Wistar rats were used as follows: control group, CCl4-intoxicated group treated with EMS (500 mg/kg) for 7 days, three CCl4-intoxicated groups treated with FRF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) for 7 days and the CCl4-intoxicated group treated with Legalon ® (silimarina; (phytotherapeutic reference) (50 mg/kg; 7 days). MES and FRF showed a protective action against liver injury induced by CCl4, being observed a significant reduction of serum enzyme activity marker of liver damage (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase). On the other hand, the lipid peroxidation (SRAT) decrease, as well as the increase of glutathione content and enzyme activity of antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx) toward near normal values indicated the ability of EMS to restore the oxidative imbalance induced by CCl4. The histological analysis confirmed the hepatoprotection, compared to degenerative changes in CCl4-treated group. This hepatoprotetor effect was similar to that shown by Legalon®. The in vitro high antioxidant capacity of extract (93.16 ± 1.00%) showed analogous results to those obtained by Carduus marianus BHT (reference standard). This fact explains the obtained results in vivo. Although no antimicrobial activity was detected, EMS and FRF promoted the antinociceptive effect induced in the second phase by the intraplantar formalin test, evidencing the anti-inflammatory action; confirmed by the carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. The evaluation of the mechanical allodynia (CFA a 80%) demonstrated the involvement of the Spondias sp. chemical composition in the anti-inflammatory activity toward the acute processes. The acute exposure and repeated dose during 28 days did not produce significant changes in the parameters that evaluate toxicity. Together the experimental results reveal, that Spondias sp. leaf extracts have a promising potential in pharmaceutical area, and due to its non-toxic condition present efficiency and security

Efeito de concentrações de herbicidas sobre aspectos biológicos de Fusarium sp. (isolado FCAV#940)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Space dependency of chemical attributes in an area with sugarcane plantation in Pereira Barreto, SP

The behavior of the chemical attributes is directly influenced by superficial flow and water movement inside the soil. This work aimed to study the space dependency of chemical attributes in an area with sugarcane plantation in Pereira Barreto, SP. An area of 530.67 hectares was mapped using an equipment of Global Positioning System and obtaining a Digital Elevation Model. A set of 134 soil samples were collected every seven hectares in the depths of 0-0.25 m and 0.80-1.00 m. The pH, organic matter (OM), Ca, Mg, K, BS, CEC and base saturation (BS) were analyzed. All the chemical attributes presented similar behavior in the superficial and subsuperficial layer of the soil, which provided better visualization and definition of the homogeneous tillage zones.

Distribuição espacial de Dilobopterus costalimai young (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) em citros na região de Taquaritinga, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do ethephon sobre a produção da uva 'Niagara Rosada' (Vitis labrusca L.), produzida na entressafra na região de Jales-SP

A produção de 'Niagara Rosada' na entressafra, embora sendo uma excelente opção para os viticultores de Jales-SP, é problemática devido à dificuldade de emissão e desenvolvimento das brotações após a poda, realizada nos meses de ocorrência de temperaturas inferiores a 10ºC, o que tem causado pequenas produções e desestímulo entre os viticultores. Visando a solucionar este problema, foram conduzidos seis experimentos nos anos de 2001 e 2002, cujo objetivo foi verificar o efeito do ethephon aplicado antes da poda sobre o número de cachos, a produção e a qualidade da uva. Foram testadas as doses 0; 3; 6 e 9L.ha-1 de ethephon aplicado via foliar. Concluiu-se que o uso de ethephon proporcionou aumento do número de cachos e da produtividade de 'Niagara Rosada', especialmente quando da ocorrência de condições climáticas desfavoráveis e com satisfatório grau de enfolhamento. A utilização de ethephon na dose de 9L.ha-1 proporcionou aumento da produtividade da uva 'Niagara Rosada' na entressafra.

Influência do relevo e erosão na variabilidade espacial de um Latossolo em Jaboticabal (SP)

Com o objetivo de avaliar as relações entre formas de paisagem e erosão em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef) por meio de técnicas geoestatísticas na Fazenda Santa Isabel, município de Jaboticabal (SP), identificaram-se modelos de paisagem côncavo e linear. Coletaram-se amostras de solo em ambas as formas de paisagem em uma malha regular espaçada de 50 x 50 m em sete transeções na profundidade de 0,00-0,20 m, totalizando 412 pontos em 93 ha. Determinou-se a erodibilidade dos solos pelo método indireto, granulometria, bem como o carbono orgânico para cada ponto da malha, sendo esses valores usados na estimativa do potencial natural de erosão (pne). Os dados obtidos das propriedades de solo, erodibilidade e potencial natural de erosão foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e geoestatística com a modelagem de semivariogramas, sendo este utilizado para a confecção de mapas de krigagem. Segundo os resultados, as propriedades do solo e do pne apresentaram maior variabilidade espacial na pedoforma côncava, apesar de esta forma de paisagem apresentar menores perdas de solo por erosão e menor variabilidade espacial da erodibilidade. Deste modo, conclui-se que a erosão não adicionou variabilidade espacial para as propriedades do solo na mesma magnitude do relevo.

Avaliação de características morfométricas na relação solo-superfície da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Rico, Jaboticabal (SP)

Com a análise das características morfométricas procura-se entender a relação solo-superfície, em decorrência dos processos erosivos sobre estruturas e litologias variadas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as características morfométricas do padrão de drenagem e do relevo em microbacias hidrográficas de 2ª ordem de magnitude, em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, com vistas ao planejamento agroambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Rico, município de Jaboticabal, SP. O estudo foi baseado em fotografias aéreas, pancromáticas, verticais na escala 1:35.000 da região administrativa de Ribeirão Preto. Com técnicas de fotointerpretação, foram traçadas a rede de drenagem e respectivas microbacias hidrográficas, onde as variáveis selecionadas foram determinadas. As classes de risco de degradação, resultando no uso potencial do solo, foram determinadas de acordo com o coeficiente de rugosidade. As características do padrão de drenagem e do relevo repercutiram no comportamento hidrológico e litológico das microbacias hidrográficas, possibilitando a diferenciação entre as unidades de solos. A densidade de drenagem e a amplitude altimétrica foram as características que mais contribuíram para o poder discriminatório na relação solo-superfície. Na análise conjunta do potencial de uso do solo, verificou-se, principalmente, adequação para agricultura nos Latossolos e pecuária e, ou, reflorestamento nos Argissolos.