Persas de Esquilo : vv. 1-154

El teatro de Esquilo, luego de los análisis surgidos en la primera mitad del siglo XX bajo la óptica alemana, pareció pasar inadvertido a la mirada crítica posterior. Actualmente, de la mano de las nuevas corrientes que privilegiaron el estudio de la performance teatral, la obra del poeta se somete a análisis desde una visión renovadora que absorbe y trasciende el debate exclusivamente filológico. Entre las tragedias conservadas de la Antigüedad Clásica, Persas se erige no sólo como el primer testimonio completo del género, sino también como la única pieza que poseemos con tema histórico. Inscribiéndonos en el marco de las últimas tendencias críticas, a partir del análisis filológico-literario de la Párodos (vv. 1-154), en el presente trabajo nos proponemos ver de qué manera el poeta construye la imagen del bárbaro frente a la del griego, teniendo en cuenta que la pieza, que ofrece la mirada persa sobre la batalla de Salamina, fue concebida por un ateniense, para la audiencia ateniense. Historia y manifestación literaria convergen, así, en una tragedia que revela el pensamiento y la grandeza de su creador.

Late Quaternary sediment accumulation in the Baffin Bay

Piston cores from fiords, shelf troughs, and the deep-sea off eastern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada, have been sampled for texture and detrital carbonate in the <2 mm fraction. The sediments consist primarily of silty clays usually containing <5% sand. Estimates are made for sediment accumulation (kg/m**2/ka) over the last ca. 10 ka. Three sets, of two cores each, lie on a fiord-shelf transect and thus define variations in sediment accumulation gradients. These continental margin data are compared with cruder estimates of Holocene sediment accumulation at three sites farther offshore in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the northern Labrador Sea. Minimum accumulation in a 2 ka interval was 200 kg/m2 with a maximum estimate of 8,800 kg/m2. Detrital carbonate accumulation varies between 0 and 1,300 kg/m**2. Median accumulation for a typical fiord-shelf-deep-sea transect over the last 10 ka have been 10,340, 3493 and 820 kg/m**2. At DSDP Leg, site 645 in central Baffin Bay, the sedimentation rate ranged between 40 and 130 m/Ma (ca. 400 and 1200 kg/m**2/2ka); that is, comparable with the Late Quaternary input into Baffin Bay.

Neogene and Quaternary paleoenvironmental history at DSDP Leg 71 Holes

The Neogene and Quaternary sedimentary record of Leg 71 and previously drilled sequences from the Southern Ocean reveal evidence of a major late Miocene change of oceanic and glacial conditions in the southern high latitudes during paleomagnetic Chron 9. The characteristics of late Miocene sedimentation and in particular the study of erosional patterns and ice-rafted debris suggest the following conclusions. 1) In the late Miocene, the Polar Front first migrated to the northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean and surface water temperatures became similar to those of today. 2) Extensive ice shelves or ice tongues were not present along the Antarctic margin until late Chron 9 (about 9.0 Ma). 3) Before Chron 9, West Antarctica was occupied by an archipelago and the West Antarctic Sea. 4) Extensive ice shelves formed in the West Antarctic region, eventually coalescing and thickening to form the grounded West Antarctic ice sheet by Chron 9. 5) The newly formed West Antarctic ice sheet was probably unstable and frequently became an ungrounded ice shelf, thus accounting for the scarcity of late Miocene ice-rafted debris. 6) Extensive erosion or nondeposition of sediment was probably the result of increased Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation in the West Antarctic region during the initial formation of extensive West Antarctic ice shelves and during periods when the West Antarctic ice sheet was ungrounded. 7) In the Southwest Atlantic, AABW velocity waned during the latest Miocene. During the late Gilbert Chron a major and permanent change occurred in the pattern of ice-rafting to the South Atlantic, and after 4.35 Ma the increased IRD accumulation rate and frequency of major episodes of IRD accumulation suggest increased stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. In addition, radiolarian faunas of Hole 514 record at least eight migrations of the Polar Front to the north of the site during the past 4.07 m.y. An apparent increase in the frequency of Polar Front migrations occurred about 2.7-2.6 Ma, possibly in response to oceanic change induced by fluctuations in glacial conditions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Downwelling solar irradiance, upwelling solar radiance, sky leaving radiance, and cloud cover observed during ARCHEMHAB study (on Maria S. Merian Leg MSM21/3) from 2012-07-26 to 2012-08-10

The need to obtain ocean color essential climate variables (OC-ECVs) using hyperspectral technology has gained increased interest in recent years. Assessing ocean color on a large scale in high latitude environments using satellite remote sensing is constrained by polar environmental conditions. Nevertheless, on a small scale we can assess ocean color using above-water and in-water remote sensing. Unfortunately, above-water remote sensing can only determine apparent optical properties leaving the sea surface and is susceptible to near surface environmental conditions for example sky and sunglint. Consequently, we have to rely on accurate in-water remote sensing as it can provide both synoptic inherent and apparent optical properties of seawater. We use normalized water leaving radiance LWN or the equivalent remote sensing reflectance RRS from 27 stations to compare the differences in above-water and in-water OC-ECVs. Analysis of above-water and in-water RRS spectra provided very good match-ups (R2 > 0.97, MSE<1.8*10**-7) for all stations. The unbiased percent differences (UPD) between above-water and in-water approaches were determined at common OC-ECVs spectral bands (410, 440, 490, 510 and 555) nm and the classic band ratio (490/555) nm. The spectral average UPD ranged (5 - 110) % and band ratio UPD ranged (0 - 12) %, the latter showing that the 5% uncertainty threshold for ocean color radiometric products is attainable. UPD analysis of these stations West of Greenland, Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait and West of Iceland also suggests that the differences observed are likely a result of environmental and instrumental perturbations.

Composition of Carnian to Norian sandstones from the Wombat Plateau (Table 1)

The Carnian to Norian sediments, as much as 600 m in total thickness, recovered from ODP Sites 759 and 760 on the Wombat Plateau, are generally represented by fluvial-dominated deltaic successions. In general, the Carnian to Norian sandstones are quartzose. The average ratio of monocrystalline quartz grains, total feldspar grains, and total lithic fragments (i.e., Qm:F:Lt ratio) is 71:22:7. This indicates that they were derived mainly from the transitional continental and cratonic interior provenance terranes, such as the Pilbara Precambrian block to the south of the Wombat Plateau. The upper Carnian sediments, however, are characterized by more feldspathic sandstone petrofacies. They typically contain some volcanic rock fragments with trachytic texture and indicate the onset of the incipient rift-related tectonic movement, such as uplift and subsequent abrupt basin subsidence, together with volcanism in the Gondwana continental block. Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate cycles are typically intercalated in the prodelta to delta front deposits that developed mainly in a lagoon-like, restricted marine environment. The restricted marine environment developed during transgressions as the outflow of shallow water was restricted by depositional barriers. Around the barriers and/or delta lobes, carbonate shoals/banks were probably developed and the allochemical components of the neritic limestones may have been transported into the restricted marine environment by overwash processes and/or storm waves. Siliciclastic detritus, on the other hand, was mainly derived accompanied by delta progradation dominated by fluvial processes in the restricted marine environment. Therefore, we interpret the mixed siliciclastic and carbonate cycles in the deltaic successions to be a result of transgression-regression cycles in a deltaic system during the Late Triassic.