Transverse mode formation in longitudinally pumped miniature slab lasers

The formation of transverse modes in longitudinally pumped miniature slab lasers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The longitudinally non-uniform gain-guiding is studied by expanding the electric field into the Hermite-Gaussian functions that satisfy boundary conditions of the resonator. Non-Gaussian transversal beam profiles in the near field are found and the beam diameter is reduced when the pump spot becomes smaller. The experimental observation agrees with the theoretical calculation.

Dos inscripciones funerarias y una estela oikomorfa en Oña (Burgos)

Edición de dos inscripciones inéditas de Oña (Burgos) y una estela oikomorfa de Poza de la Sal(Burgos)

Implementación hardware de un robot humanoide.

[ES]Este trabajo describe una serie de mejoras aplicables a un kit comercial de robot humanoide Robonova, con el fin de que este reproduzca el comportamiento cinemático del ser humano con mayor autonomía. Entre ellas destacan la implementación de sensores infrarrojos, sensores de posición, cámaras de visión y conexiones en serie de servomotores. Todo ello controlado desde un ordenador de placa reducida Raspberry Pi.

gamma-LiAlO2 single crystal grown by Czochralski technique and modified by vapor transport equilibration (VTE) technique

Large-sized (similar to 2 inch, 50.8 mm) gamma-UA102 single crystal has been grown by conventional Czochralski (Cz) method, but the crystal ha's a milky, dendriform center. The samples taken from transparent and milky parts were ground and examined by X-ray diffraction. All diffraction peaks could be indexed in gamma-LiAlO2. The crystal quality was characterized by X-ray rocking curve. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values are 116.9 and 132.0 arcsec for transparent and milky parts, respectively. The vapor transport equilibrium (VTE) technique was introduced to modify the crystal quality. After 1000 degrees C/48 h, 1100 degrees C/48 h, 1200 degrees C/48 h VTE processes, the FWHM values dropped to 44.2 and 55.2 arcsec for transparent and milky part, respectively. The optical transmission of transparent part was greatly enhanced from 85% to 90%, and transmission of milky part from 75% to 80% in the range of 190 similar to 1900 nm at room temperature. When the VTE temperature was raised to 1300 degrees C, the sample cracked and FWHM values of transparent and milky parts were increased to 55.2 and 80.9 arcsec, respectively. By combining Cz technique with VTE technique, large-sized and high quality gamma-LiAlO2 crystal can be obtained.

大尺寸高质量γ-LiAlO2晶体的制备研究

采用提拉法快速（6mm／h）生长了透明、φ45mm×50mm完整的铝酸锂晶体，但晶体中下部出现了一个树状、乳白色的核芯．分别从透明和乳白色核芯部位取样，研磨作粉末X射线衍射测试，发现两个样品所有的衍射峰均可以用γ-LiAlO2指标化．双晶摇摆曲线显示晶体透明和乳白色部位的半高宽分别为116．9arcsec和132．0axcsec，结晶质量较差．通过三步气相传输平衡法（简称VTE）处理后，透明部位半高宽值（FWHM）降至44．2arcsec，乳白色部位FWHM值降至53．3arcsec．结合快速生长和VTE

Fumar antecipa a menopausa ? Evidências do Estudo Pró-Saúde

A menopausa é definida pelo momento em que a menstruação cessa permanentemente como conseqüência da falência ovariana. Uma vez estabelecida, há um aumento no risco de doença coronariana, doença de Alzheimer, osteoporose e fraturas e sua antecipação está relacionada a maiores índices de mortalidade. Com o envelhecimento geral da população mundial, as mulheres passaram a viver de um terço a metade de suas vidas no período pós-menopáusico e, conseqüentemente, a pesquisa de condições associadas à menopausa ganham importância. A idade da menopausa e os fatores que a influenciam variam entre os diversos estudos e poucos estudos brasileiros abordam o tema. O fumo tem sido associado à Antecipação da idade da menopausa. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as diversas dimensões de associação entre o fumo e a idade da menopausa, levando em consideração possíveis relações de dose-resposta. Com base em dados do Estudo Pró-Saúde, foi realizado um estudo seccional utilizando-se para a análise o modelo de sobrevida paramétrico de riscos proporcionais com distribuição de Weibull. Os resultados apontam para uma redução em 32% do risco de menopausa entre fumantes ativas, que a alcançam 2,5 anos mais tarde que nunca fumantes, ajustando-se para escolaridade e paridade. Entre fumantes ativas, no entanto, foram sugeridos aumentos de risco de 123% e 192% para fumantes de 10 a 20 cigarros por dia e de mais de 20 maços-ano respectivamente, quando comparadas às fumantes de menos de 10 cigarros por dia e menos de 10 maços-ano. Nesses grupos, a menopausa foi antecipada em 3,3 anos e 4,4 anos, respectivamente. Em relação ao tempo decorrido entre cessar o tabagismo e a idade menopausa, duração do fumo ou idade de início, não foram encontradas associações. Neste estudo, em possíveis efeitos de dose-resposta, o fumo apresenta-se como fator associado à antecipação da idade da menopausa em alguns aspectos, embora não em outros.

飞秒激光脉冲照射诱导含芴结构树脂共聚物结构变化及机理的研究

在室温下用聚焦的飞秒激光照射高折射率、低双折射的透明含芴结构树脂-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)共聚物，探索飞秒激光制备高分子光学功能微结构的可能性。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、电子自旋共振谱、光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜等分析手段，对该材料在飞秒激光照射后的结构变化及机理进行研究。结果发现：含芴结构树脂共聚物在飞秒激光照射后产生化学键断裂，生成未成对电子，并形成无定形碳；照射区在可见光区域的吸收增强；随激光能量密度的减少在激光会聚点附近诱导结构由慧尾状向单一细丝转变。演示了三维着色内雕。

Sylphella puccoon gen. n., sp n. and two additional new species of aquatic oligochaetes (Lumbriculidae, Clitellata) from poorly-known lotic habitats in North Carolina (USA)

Three new species of Lumbriculidae were collected from floodplain seeps and small streams in southeastern North America. Some of these habitats are naturally acidic. Sylphella puccoon gen. n., sp. n. has prosoporous male ducts in X-XI, and spermathecae in XII-XIII. Muscular, spherical atrial ampullae and acuminate penial sheaths distinguish this monotypic new genus from other lumbriculid genera having similar arrangements of reproductive organs. Cookidrilus pocosinus sp. n. resembles its two subterranean, Palearctic congeners in the arrangement of reproductive organs, but is easily distinguished by the position of the spermathecal pores in front of the chaetae in X-XIII. Stylodrilus coreyi sp. n. differs from congeners having simple-pointed chaetae and elongate atria primarily by the structure of the male duct and the large clusters of prostate cells. Streams and wetlands of Southeastern USA have a remarkably high diversity of endemic lumbriculids, and these poorly-known invertebrates should be considered in conservation efforts.

Asymmetric conservation benefits of circle hooks in multispecies billfish recreational fisheries: a synthesis of hook performance and analysis of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) postrelease survival

We evaluated the conservation benefits of the use of circle hooks compared with standard J hooks in the recreational fishery for Atlantic istiophorid billfishes, noting hooking location and the presence of trauma (bleeding) for 123 blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), 272 white marlin (Kajikia albida), and 132 sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) caught on natural baits rigged with one of the two hook types. In addition, we used pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to follow the fate of 61 blue marlin caught on natural baits rigged with circle hooks or on a combination of artificial lure and natural bait rigged with J hooks. The frequencies of internal hooking locations and bleeding were significantly lower with circle hooks than with J hooks for each of the three species and were significantly reduced for blue marlin caught on J hooks than for white marlin and sailfish taken on the same hook type. Analysis of the data received from 59 PSATs (two tags released prematurely) indicated no mortalities among the 29 blue marlin caught on circle hooks and two mortalities among the 30 blue marlin caught on J hooks (6.7%). Collectively, the hook location and PSAT data revealed that blue marlin, like white marlin and sailfish, derive substantial conservation benefits from the use of circle hooks, and the negative impacts of J hooks are significantly reduced for blue marlin relative to the other two species.