四种底栖螺类饥饿代谢的研究

研究了四种常见优势底栖螺类的饥饿代谢(R,mgO2/ind.d)与温度(T,℃)、体重(Wd,mg dry-wt或Ww,mg wet-wt)的关系,并计算出三者间的复合关系,分别是:铜锈环棱螺,R=0.044Wd0.537e0.061T;长角涵螺,R=0.0004Ww0.9405·e0.0735T;纹沼螺,R=0.004Wd1.072e0.091T;短沟蜷,R=0.023Wd0.777e0.042T。

青海湖裸鲤繁殖群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对青海湖裸鲤的3个洄游繁殖群体-黑马河(HM)、布哈河(BH)及沙柳河(SL)群体各30个个体的DNA多态性进行了分析。用13个引物在三个群体中共检测出85个位点,其中多态性位点68个。青海湖裸鲤群体总的DNA多态位点百分率为80.0%。数据分析结果显示:青海湖裸鲤3个群体总的Nei基因多样性为0.3395,Shannon遗传多样性信息指数为0.4861,存在着较为丰富的遗传多样性。青海湖裸鲤3个群体间平均遗传距离为0.0788,基因分化系数Gst为0.1070,表

饮用水中浮游藻类标本制作方法

目的 研究饮用水中藻类形态学鉴定样品标本制作方法。方法 分别对不同水源供水区末梢水和同一地点水箱水采样,进行藻类形态学检测。结果城市末梢水中浮游藻类检出率为89％;饮水水箱水中浮游藻类检出率为60％,并且观察到水箱水藻类在种属和数量上增加的情况。结论 该样品标本制作方法完全可以用于饮用水藻类形态学研究。

人工湿地植物根区微生物与净化效果的季节变化

人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点.近年来越来越受到人们的重视.人工湿地生态系统受环境影响较大,研究人工湿地在不同季节的净化功能对于充分发挥其作用具有重要意义.对不同季节的芦苇(Phragmite saus-tralis)、茭白(Zizania caduciflora)和香蒲(Typha latifolia)等湿地系统植物根区、无植物对照基质微生物分布状况以及净化效果进行了研究,结果显示:(1)种植不同植物的湿地系统根区微生物数量不同,其湿地净化效果也不同;(2)季节

A global model for effective use and evaluation of e-learning in health.

Healthcare systems worldwide face a wide range of challenges, including demographic change, rising drug and medical technology costs, and persistent and widening health inequalities both within and between countries. Simultaneously, issues such as professional silos, static medical curricula, and perceptions of "information overload" have made it difficult for medical training and continued professional development (CPD) to adapt to the changing needs of healthcare professionals in increasingly patient-centered, collaborative, and/or remote delivery contexts. In response to these challenges, increasing numbers of medical education and CPD programs have adopted e-learning approaches, which have been shown to provide flexible, low-cost, user-centered, and easily updated learning. The effectiveness of e-learning varies from context to context, however, and has also been shown to make considerable demands on users' motivation and "digital literacy" and on providing institutions. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning in healthcare as part of ongoing quality improvement efforts. This article outlines the key issues for developing successful models for analyzing e-health learning.

Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene.

Raman spectroscopy is an integral part of graphene research. It is used to determine the number and orientation of layers, the quality and types of edge, and the effects of perturbations, such as electric and magnetic fields, strain, doping, disorder and functional groups. This, in turn, provides insight into all sp(2)-bonded carbon allotropes, because graphene is their fundamental building block. Here we review the state of the art, future directions and open questions in Raman spectroscopy of graphene. We describe essential physical processes whose importance has only recently been recognized, such as the various types of resonance at play, and the role of quantum interference. We update all basic concepts and notations, and propose a terminology that is able to describe any result in literature. We finally highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for layered materials other than graphene.

中国缓步动物门二新种及三新纪录种和亚种(异缓步纲,棘影熊虫科;真缓步纲,小斑熊虫科,大生熊虫科,高生熊虫科)

记述采自河南省洛阳市、湖北省京山县和四川省都江堰市的缓步动物门 2新种及 3新纪录种和亚种 :异缓步纲棘影熊虫科的四棘棘影熊虫 ,新纪录EchiniscusquadrispinosusRichters,190 2 ;真缓步纲小斑熊虫科的都江小斑熊虫 ,新种Milnesiumdujiangensissp .nov .,大生熊虫科的节值大生熊虫戴冠亚种 ,新纪录MacrobiotusharmsworthicoronatusBarros,1942 ;高生熊虫科的大指等高熊虫 ,新纪录Isohypsibiusma

亚热带水体营养状态定量评价及预测研究

采用相关加权营养状态指数法对H水库营养状态进行连续的数值化分级评价 ,准确反映了该水库的营养状态发展阶段和富营养化发展过程 ,克服了固定参数值评价湖泊、水库营养状态的局限性和重叠现象。根据湖泊外力函数 (主要是外来性营养盐浓度或负荷 )与湖内营养状态响应间的定量关系及OECD国际合作组织研究成果 ,提出了H水库营养盐输入负荷与库中磷浓度响应关系数学模型 ,确定了在水体功能改变后 ,其磷允许负荷量及控制标准 ,结果与实际相符

人工合成草鱼生长激素cDNA在大肠杆菌中的表达

经密码子优化的人工合成草鱼生长激素ｃＤＮＡ与表达载体ｐＥＴ－２８ａ（＋）重组，构建重组表达质粒ｐＥＴ－ＧＨ。转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３），筛选阳性克隆，ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达。１２．５％的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析显示，大肠杆菌表达产物中含有与草鱼生长激素分子量一致的新增蛋白带，激光密度扫描，其产量约占菌体总蛋白的４０％。金属离子螯合层析柱亲和纯化，获得电泳纯的重组蛋白。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ和酶联免疫吸附受体法检测证实：重组蛋白与抗草鱼生长激素的多克隆抗体发生特异性结合；复性后的重组蛋白有与天然草鱼生长

秦岭西段鱼类多样性现状初报

对秦岭西段汉江水系和嘉陵江水系的鱼类和环境调查显示 ,人类活动对鱼类多样性产生了较大的影响。本文试图对该地区鱼类多样性丧失的现状加以报道并对原因进行分析。以前该地区鱼类共有 142种 ,本次调查的渔获物中只有 34种。鱼类物种资源的减少是多种因素造成的 :水坝的修建使得鱼类栖息地环境改变从而导致鱼类的种类和种群数量变化 ,水污染、过度捕捞和非法渔业也在一定程度上破坏了鱼类物种多样性。

揭开武汉东湖蓝藻水华消失之谜

水华（亦称湖靛）是湖泊富营养化最恶劣的表征之一。武汉东湖７０年代至１９８４年间每年夏季出现蓝藻水华，１９８５年起突然消失，至今已有１４年没有重现，原因何在？通过三次设在湖里的围隔试验，证明鲢鳙的大量放养，是水华消失的决定性因素。文章报道了三次原地围隔试验的情况，结合东湖鲢鳙生物量的鱼群探测仪记录，指出鲢鳙的放养密度达到每立方米水（即１ｔ有鱼５０ｇ）（即市制１两）时，就能控制蓝藻水华的发生。文章还对治理水体富营养化的流行学说—生物操纵论进行了评论。

小鞘指环虫种群的季节动态

作者在1992—1994年期间对鲢指环虫病病原小鞘指环虫种群的季节动态进行了研究。小鞘指环虫种群从每年的冬季开始出现，到次年春末（4月），其感染率与丰度均发展至高峰。此后丰度随着水温的上升而迅速下降，到6月上旬，种群消失。在感染强度低于200虫／鱼的情况下，小鞘指环虫对宿主的肥满度没有显著的影响。

鱼类病原菌耐药质粒的研究概况

鱼类病原菌耐药质粒的研究概况李爱华王伟俊（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２自５０年代起，许多国家仿照畜牧业上的做法，广泛使用化学治疗药物来防治鱼类疾病。其后果不可避免地导致耐药菌的出现。早在１９５７年，美国就观察到由耐磺胺药的Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎ...

Nonlinear analysis of cardiac rhythm fluctuations using DFA method

An approach by which the detrented fluctuation analysis (DFA) method can be used to help diagnose heart failure was demonstrated. DFA was applied to patients suffering from congestive heart failure (CHF) to check correlations between DFA indices and CHF, and determine a correlation between DFA indices and mortality, with a particular attention to the residue parameter, which is a measure of the departure of the DFA from its power law approximation. DFA parameters proved to be useful as a complement to the physiological parameters weber and FE to sort out the patients into three prognostic group.

鱼腥藻提取液对水稻生长发育和产量的促进作用

以田间小区试验和大区产量直接对比的方法研究了鱼腥藻提取液对水稻幼苗生长和产量以及产量构成要素的影响，并探讨了方便有效且适宜于大田使用的方法。用藻液处理后水稻幼苗增高，根数、根长增加，分蘖能力增强，秧龄提前，叶面积明显加大。水稻成熟后除株高比对照略有下降外，各项产量构成要素如粒数、粒重、有效分蘖数、植株干重、千粒重、穗长等都优于对照组，但增产幅度随水稻品种和处理方式不同而异。大田使用时以1％鱼腥藻提取液浸种并在二叶一心时进行叶面喷施效果为好。