992 resultados para 185-801C


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在通过 LEDESS模型对辽河三角洲景观规划预案所导致的生态后果进行模拟的基础上 ,通过构建综合反映区域生态经济效应的斑块生态经济指数 ,以 GIS为工具 ,对各预案可能导致的区域生态经济效应进行了空间分析 ,并与现状进行了对比。结果表明 ,预案 A(生境调整 )和预案 B(生境管理 )不仅能够显著改善水禽生境 ,带来较高的生态效益 ,而且使区域综合的区域生态经济效益都有显著改善。预案 C(农业开发 )尽管能带来较高的经济效益 ,但由于导致的生境损失 ,其综合的生态经济效益与现状相比还有所下降。另外 ,模拟结果还表明 ,无破碎化的芦苇沼泽是生态经济综合效益最高的一类生境类型 ,是辽河三角洲滨海湿地生态经济最好的契合点。最后 ,在区域生态经济效应分析的基础上 ,对各景观规划预案进行了总体评价。

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苜蓿是一种优良的多年生豆科牧草 ,具有多重生态功能 ,在世界范围内广泛种植。苜蓿在第 2~ 4年后产量逐渐下降 ,而且种过苜蓿的土壤 ,间隔较短时间再种苜蓿 ,很难建植成功。许多研究表明 ,苜蓿体内含有的一些水溶性化学物质不仅能够对其产生自毒作用 ,而且也能对其他植物具有化感作用。本文综述了苜蓿化感作用研究进展 ,包括苜蓿中主要的化感物质、影响苜蓿化感作用的因素、苜蓿化感作用的应用三个方面。同时就苜蓿化感作用今后的研究重点提出一些看法和展望。

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研究了杉木根桩在分解过程中酚类物质的释放规律及其化感效应 .结果表明 ,随着分解程度的加深 ,根桩中酚类物质的含量减少 .根桩中酚类物质含量的梯度为根系 >心桩 >边桩 ;根桩在分解过程中酚类物质向外释放并会在土壤中积累 ,根桩周围土壤中酚类物质含量高于非根桩周围土壤 .盆栽试验说明酚类物质会影响杉木种子的萌芽率 .将田间调查的杉木树高、地径与根桩密度进行相关分析证明杉木根桩保留在造林地上 ,不利于下一代杉木的生长 .建议改革杉木人工林的传统作业方式 ,造林前将根桩从造林地中清除

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从深3 200~3 600 m的南海海底沉积物中分离到185株深海细菌,从中筛选到1株产蛋白酶活力较强的菌株B1394,酶活高达873 U/mL。采用16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,结合细菌常规鉴定方法鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。对其粗酶性质进行研究发现:最适酶活温度60℃,最适pH 8.0,在低温30℃和40℃下也具有较高的酶活性,40~60℃热稳定性较好,显示出部分嗜热酶特性;Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+对该蛋白酶有激活作用,Hg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe2+对该蛋白酶有抑制作用;PMSF几乎完全抑制蛋白酶活性,推断为丝氨酸蛋白酶。

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运用心理物理学派研究方法,对沈阳城市公园植物景观美学进行了公众审美偏好程度的研究,并系统地分析和比较了常用的心理物理学派美景度测定与统计方法———美景度评估法(scen ic beauty estim ation)、平均值法(average visual quality)和成对比较法(pairw ise comparison)。本研究选择了15张反映城市公园植物景观的彩色照片,向公众进行了当面问卷调查。调查数据分别利用美景度评估法、平均值法、层次分析法进行了美景度代表值的统计。结果表明:(1)城市公园植物景观的美学质量评价可以通过基于照片媒介的心理物理学研究方法而完成,公众对于不同评价样本的审美偏好是有差别的;(2)本研究中采用3种美景度代表值统计方法获得的最终结果显示,3种方法无显著性差异;(3)通过3种评价方法表现均为较好与较差的评判样本B13与B04来看,样本间存在明显的差异,比如植物本身的形态特征、遮荫效果和空间感等等。但这些特征是否是影响评判结果的关键因素,还有待进一步研究加以验证。

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利用地统计学和地理信息系统相结合的方法研究了沈阳市郊耕地1991个样本0~20cm耕层土壤交换性铁含量的空间异质性特征,绘制了交换性铁含量的空间分布图。结果表明:土壤交换性铁含量基本符合正态分布,变异函数的最佳理论模型为球状模型,交换性铁含量具有中等的空间相关性(C0与C0+C比值为41.3%,空间自相关距离为34.9km),Kriging内插图显示出交换性铁具有较强的空间异质性,其空间异质性主要受成土母质、成土过程和土壤类型等结构性因子的影响。

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渗灌具有降低室内湿度、改善土壤环境、节约灌溉用水、减少肥料用量、省工省时、价格适中等优点 ,是目前设施园艺先进的节水灌溉技术。详细介绍了渗灌系统的结构 ,渗灌管的种类以及使用维护方法。

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探讨干旱缺水地区灌溉方式对果园土壤物理性质的影响,为采取合理的果园节水灌溉措施、有效利用灌溉水资源提供科学依据。以鲁中南山地果园为研究区域,利用分形理论,对渗灌和漫灌条件下果园土壤物理性质及其分形特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)渗灌和漫灌土壤物理性质存在着明显的异质性,二者差异显著,土壤容重渗灌比漫灌降低6.71%;土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和毛管孔隙度渗灌比漫灌分别高11.62%,43.84%和8.72%。(2)渗灌和漫灌土壤粒径分布存在明显差异,土壤的粘粒和粉粒含量渗灌高于漫灌,而砂粒和细粗砾含量却是漫灌高于渗灌。(3)渗灌和漫灌土壤颗粒的分形维数差异明显,分形维数分别为2.318 3和2.731 9,渗灌土壤的分形维数变化比较小,比漫灌的分形维数小15.14%;特别是漫灌在0~10 cm土层内土壤颗粒分形维数达到2.811 5。说明渗灌比漫灌具有较好的维持土壤物理性质的功能,漫灌对土壤结构尤其是表层土壤结构的破坏较为严重。

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通过样地调查对不同干扰方式产生的过伐天然林、次生白桦林和人工落叶松林等群落的结构组成进行分析和分类探讨 ,并选取了林窗片断和叶面积指数两个能表示群落冠层结构的指标进行分析。结果表明 ,林窗片断值分别为 :原始阔叶红松林 0 194、原始阔叶类 0 185、结构转换型 0 315、结构保留型 0 36 3、结构破坏型 0 2 35、严重干扰类型 0 5 5 0、次生白桦林0 2 13和人工落叶松林 0 2 2 7;叶面积指数分别为 :原始阔叶红松林 1 76 6、原始阔叶类 1 6 80、结构转换型 1 2 5 0、结构保留型 1 0 2 8、结构破坏型 1 5 5 0、严重干扰类型 0 6 35、次生白桦林1 731和人工落叶松林 1 4 73。

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简述了混合培养微生物资源及其应用的研究进展。在长期的实验和生产实践中 ,人们发现很多生物过程是微生物纯培养不能完成或只能微弱进行的 ,必须依靠两种或两种以上的微生物共同培养完成。对于很多工业污染物、生物农药、纤维素、几丁质的生物降解 ,微生物混合培养是必要的 ;微生物混合培养可用于维生素C、维生素B1 2 、组氨酸、缬氨酸、L 苹果酸等发酵生产 ,还可用于药物的甾体转化、沼气发酵、湿法冶金等。混合培养的微生物资源应受到人们更多的重视。

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To find the pathologic cause of the children's dental fluorosis in southwestern China, diet structure before the age of 6 and prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (DF) of 405 children were investigated, and the fluorine and arsenic content of several materials were determined. The prevalence rate of DF of children living on roasted corn before the age of 6 is 100% with nearly 95% having the mild to severe DF; while that of children living on non-roasted corn or rice is less than 5% with all having very mild DF. The average fluorine and arsenic concentration are 20.26 mg/kg and 0.249 mg/kg in roasted corn, which are about 16 times and 35 times more than in non-roasted corn, respectively. The average fluorine concentration is 78 mg/kg in coal, 1116 mg/kg in binder clay and 313 mg/kg in briquette (coal mixed with clay). The average arsenic concentration of coal is 5.83 mg/kg, the binder clay is 20.94 mg/kg, with 8.52 mg/kg in the briquette. Living on roasted corn and chili is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis in southwestern China. The main source of fluorine and arsenic pollution of roasted corn and chill is the briquette of coal and binder clay. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A new type of sulfonated clay (clay-SO3H) was prepared by the ion exchange method with the sulfanilic acid as the surfactant agent. The grafted amount of sulfanilic acid in clay-SO3H was 51.8 mequiv. (100 g)(-1), which was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/clay-SO3H hybrid membranes which composed of SPEEK and different weight contents of clay-SO3H, were prepared by a solution casting and evaporation method. For comparison, the SPEEK/clay hybrid membranes were produced with the same method.

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In this study. Nafion (R) 117 membrane is surface-modified with mesoporous silica layers through in situ surfactant-templated sol-gel reaction. The reaction makes use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) under acidic condition via dip-coating technique on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are employed to characterize the resultant membranes. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes are also studied.

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Degradation and its temperature dependence of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the blend film of PMMA/SAN were investigated via ire-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results show that thermal degradation of PMMA takes place at 185, 130, 80 degrees C and even room temperature due to the existence of monochromatic X-ray. Furthermore, the degradation rate depends crucially on the experiment temperature.

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Thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-ran-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blend can phase separate upon heating to above its critical temperature. Temperature dependence of the surface composition and morphology in the blend thin film upon thermal treatment was studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that in addition to phase separation, the blend component preferentially diffused to and aggregated at the surface of the blend film, leading to the variation of surface composition with temperature. At 185 degrees C, above the critical temperature, the amounts of PMMA and SAN phases were comparable.