The peroxiredoxin Tpx1 is essential as a H202-scavenger during aerobic growth in fission yeast

Peroxiredoxins are known to interact with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to participate in oxidant scavenging, redox signal transduction, and heat-shock responses. The two-cysteine peroxiredoxin Tpx1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been characterized as the H2O2 sensor that transduces the redox signal to the transcription factor Pap1. Here, we show that Tpx1 is essential for aerobic, but not anaerobic, growth. We demonstrate that Tpx1 has an exquisite sensitivity for its substrate, which explains its participation in maintaining low steady-state levels of H2O2. We also show in vitro and in vivo that inactivation of Tpx1 by oxidation of its catalytic cysteine to a sulfinic acid is always preceded by a sulfinic acid form in a covalently linked dimer, which may be important for understanding the kinetics of Tpx1 inactivation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that a strain expressing Tpx1.C169S, lacking the resolving cysteine, can sustain aerobic growth, and we show that small reductants can modulate the activity of the mutant protein in vitro, probably by supplying a thiol group to substitute for cysteine 169.

Levantamento epidemiológico dos acidentes motociclísticos atendidos em um Centro de Referência ao Trauma de Sergipe

O trauma por acidentes motociclísticos atinge um grande número de vítimas e se constitui um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo documental com abordagem quantitativa que objetivou levantar dados epidemiológicos de 554 vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos atendidos nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2006 em um centro de referência ao trauma de Sergipe. As análises dos resultados evidenciaram predominância de homens (82,7%) com idade média de 27,78 anos que deram entrada no turno da noite (45,9%), domingo (27,3%), que tiveram como lesão as escoriações (n=169), nas regiões da cabeça, face e pescoço. Permaneceram no hospital até 12 horas (76%), evoluindo para alta. Dos casos registrados, 14,6% tinham suspeita de ingestão alcoólica e 19,3% não utilizavam capacete durante o acidente.

Epidemiology of incident heart failure in a contemporary elderly cohort: the health, aging, and body composition study.

BACKGROUND: The race- and sex-specific epidemiology of incident heart failure (HF) among a contemporary elderly cohort are not well described. METHODS: We studied 2934 participants without HF enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [2.9] years; 47.9% men; 58.6% white; and 41.4% black) and assessed the incidence of HF, population-attributable risk (PAR) of independent risk factors for HF, and outcomes of incident HF. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 258 participants (8.8%) developed HF (13.6 cases per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval, 12.1-15.4). Men and black participants were more likely to develop HF. No significant sex-based differences were observed in risk factors. Coronary heart disease (PAR, 23.9% for white participants and 29.5% for black participants) and uncontrolled blood pressure (PAR, 21.3% for white participants and 30.1% for black participants) carried the highest PAR in both races. Among black participants, 6 of 8 risk factors assessed (smoking, increased heart rate, coronary heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, uncontrolled blood pressure, and reduced glomerular filtration rate) had more than 5% higher PAR compared with that among white participants, leading to a higher overall proportion of HF attributable to modifiable risk factors in black participants vs white participants (67.8% vs 48.9%). Participants who developed HF had higher annual mortality (18.0% vs 2.7%). No racial difference in survival after HF was noted; however, rehospitalization rates were higher among black participants (62.1 vs 30.3 hospitalizations per 100 person-years, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Incident HF is common in older persons; a large proportion of HF risk is attributed to modifiable risk factors. Racial differences in risk factors for HF and in hospitalization rates after HF need to be considered in prevention and treatment efforts.

Perfil de egressos da Pós-Graduação stricto sensu na área de Gerenciamento em Enfermagem da EEUSP

O presente estudo teve como objetivos identificar e discutir o perfil dos egressos da pós-graduação stricto sensu na área de concentração de Administração/Gerenciamento em Enfermagem, da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de outubro de 2008 até junho de 2011, no tocante às áreas de conhecimento a que esses egressos estavam vinculados no mestrado e no doutorado. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, retrospectivo, pautado em análise documental. A população foi constituída por 250 egressos, sendo 169 mestres e 81 doutores. O perfil dos egressos permitiu apreender e discutir o percentual de continuidade para o programa de doutorado; o tipo de instituição que absorve o egresso de mestrado e de doutorado; e as áreas de atuação dos mesmos.

Constraints on palaeodrainage evolution induced by uplift and exhumation on the southern flank of the Zagros-Iranian Plateau

Foreland sedimentary rocks from the northern Fars region of Iran contain a record of deformation associated with the Cenozoic collision between Arabia and Eurasia that resulted in formation of the Zagros orogen. The timing of the deformation associated with this event is poorly known. To address this we conducted a study of Miocene foreland sedimentary rocks (19.7-14.8 Ma) of the Chahar-Makan syncline using clast composition, clay mineralogy and low-temperature fission-track dating. The results showed that most of the sedimentary rocks were sourced from ophiolitic rocks. Detrital apatite fission-track (AFT) age signatures of Miocene sedimentary rocks record exhumation in the hanging wall of the Main Zagros Thrust and confirm that the change from underthrusting of the stretched Arabian margin to widespread crustal thickening and deformation in the Zagros region is no younger than 19.7 Ma. A transition from Late Oligocene to Mesozoic-Eocene AFT detrital age signatures between 19.7-16.6 Ma and 16.6-13.8 Ma is interpreted to reflect a possible rearrangement of palaeodrainage distribution that resulted from folding and expansion-uplift of the Zagros-Iranian Plateau region.

La restauration des qsûr : institution du patrimoine et enjeux de mémoire

Sous l'égide du ministère de la Culture algérien et de l'UNESCO, a été engagé récemment un programme de rénovation des qsûr, villages fortifiés du sud de l'Algérie. La restauration de ce patrimoine bâti, qui atteste de la prise de conscience de la part des autorités politiques de son importance en tant que patrimoine historique et culturel, est toutefois sujette à interrogation. Quelles sont les conditions et formes que prend cette réhabilitation ? Quels en sont les enjeux ? Et pour qui ? Car si sa rénovation repose sur une politique de préservation du patrimoine revêtant plusieurs enjeux pour les institutions, elle suscite également un grand intérêt auprès des populations des régions du Sud. En effet, les modalités de réhabilitation de ces qsûr interrogent les conditions et formes de l'institution du patrimoine en Algérie ainsi que les enjeux de mémoire et identitaires liés à l'institution de ces qsûr (lesquels sont les marques de l'autochtonie berbère).

High incidence of childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome in Switzerland is associated with indicators of livestock farming intensity

Background: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a multisystem disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Typically, HUS is preceded by an episode of (bloody) diarrhea mostly due to Shiga-toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The main reservoir for STEC is the intestine of healthy ruminants, mostly cattle, and recent studies have revealed an association between indicators of livestock density and human STEC infection or HUS, respectively. Nationwide data on HUS in Switzerland have been established through the Swiss Pediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU) [Schifferli et al. Eur J Pediatr. 2010; 169:591-8]. Aims: Analysis of age-specific incidence rate of childhood HUS and possible association of Shiga-toxin associated HUS (Stx-HUS) with indicators of livestock farming intensity. Methods: Epidemiological and ecological analysis based on the SPSU data (1997-2003) and the database of the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (data on population and agriculture). Results: One hundred-fourteen cases were registered, 88% were ≤5 years old. The overall annual incidence rate was 1.42 (0.60-1.91) and 4.23 (1.76-6.19) per 100000 children ≤5 and ≤16 years, respectively (P = 0.005). Stx-HUS was more frequent compared to cases not associated with STEC (P = 0.002). The incidence rate for Stx-HUS was 3.85 (1.76-5.65) in children ≤5, compared to 0.27 (0.00-0.54) per 100'000 children 5-16 years (P = 0.002), respectively. The incidence rate of cases not associated with STEC infection did not significantly vary with age (P = 0.107). Compared to data from Scotland, Canada, Ireland, Germany, England, Australia, Italy, and Austria the annual incidence rate of HUS in young children is highest in Switzerland. Ecological analysis revealed strong association between the incidence rate of Stx-HUS and indicators of rural occupation (agricultural labourer / population, P = 0.030), farming intensity (livestock breeding farms / population, P = 0.027) and cattle density (cattle / cultivated area, P = 0.013). Conclusions: Alike in other countries, HUS in Switzerland is mostly associated with STEC infection and affects predominantly young children. However, the incidence rate is higher compared to countries abroad and is significantly correlated with indicators of livestock farming intensity. The present data support the impact of direct and indirect contact with animals or fecal contaminants in transmission of STEC to humans.

Identificação das intervenções de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde: parâmetro para o dimensionamento de trabalhadores

Na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) o quadro de trabalhadores de enfermagem é planejado de forma empírica, gerando distorção entre a alocação e a real necessidade das unidades de saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as intervenções de enfermagem na APS para subsidiar o dimensionamento dos trabalhadores. Foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes: revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados no período de 1999-2009; observação em campo em Unidade de Saúde da Família; levantamento em prontuários de famílias; mapeamento das atividades em intervenções de enfermagem segundo a taxonomia Nursing Interventions Classification e validação dessas intervenções. Identificaram-se 169 atividades: 11 atividades associadas; 5 pessoais; e 153 de cuidados diretos e indiretos que foram mapeadas e validadas em 7 domínios, 15 classes e 46 intervenções da NIC. O estudo possibilitou o reconhecimento das práticas de enfermagem na APS por meio de uma linguagem padronizada, subsidiando a sua aplicação na construção de instrumentos para a identificação da carga de trabalho.

Age-specific fitness components and their temporal variation in the barn owl.

Theory predicts that temporal variability plays an important role in the evolution of life histories, but empirical studies evaluating this prediction are rare. In constant environments, fitness can be measured by the population growth rate lambda, and the sensitivity of lambda to changes in fitness components estimates selection on these traits. In variable environments, fitness is measured by the stochastic growth rate lambda(S), and stochastic sensitivities estimate selection pressure. Here we examine age-specific schedules for reproduction and survival in a barn owl population (Tyto alba). We estimated how temporal variability affected fitness and selection, accounting for sampling variance. Despite large sample sizes of old individuals, we found no strong evidence for senescence. The most variable fitness components were associated with reproduction. Survival was less variable. Stochastic simulations showed that the observed variation decreased fitness by about 30%, but the sensitivities of lambda and lambda(S) to changes in all fitness components were almost equal, suggesting that temporal variation had negligible effects on selection. We obtained these results despite high observed variability in the fitness components and relatively short generation time of the study organism, a situation in which temporal variability should be particularly important for natural selection and early senescence is expected.

Condom use with steady partners among heterosexual people living with HIV in Europe: testing the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

Guided by a modified information-motivation-behavioral skills model, this study identified predictors of condom use among heterosexual people living with HIV with their steady partners. Consecutive patients at 14 European HIV outpatient clinics received an anonymous, standardized, self-administered questionnaire between March and December 2007. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-step backward elimination regression analyses stratified by gender. The survey included 651 participants (n = 364, 56% women; n = 287, 44%). Mean age was 39 years for women and 43 years for men. Most had acquired HIV sexually and more than half were in a serodiscordant relationship. Sixty-three percent (n = 229) of women and 59% of men (n = 169) reported at least one sexual encounter with a steady partner 6 months prior to the survey. Fifty-one percent (n = 116) of women and 59% of men (n = 99) used condoms consistently with that partner. In both genders, condom use was positively associated with subjective norm conducive to condom use, and self-efficacy to use condoms. Having a partner whose HIV status was positive or unknown reduced condom use. In men, higher education and knowledge about condom use additionally increased condom use, while the use of erectile-enhancing medication decreased it. For women, HIV disclosure to partners additionally reduced the likelihood of condom use. Positive attitudes to condom use and subjective norm increased self-efficacy in both genders, however, a number of gender-related differences appeared to influence self-efficacy. Service providers should pay attention to the identified predictors of condom use and adopt comprehensive and gender-related approaches for preventive interventions with people living with HIV.

Adesão às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário

Este estudo avaliou fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais relacionados à adesão às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em terapia intensiva. Estudo de corte transversal, realizado com 178 profissionais em um hospital de grande porte. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas escalas psicométricas do tipo Likert. Na Escala de Adesão às precauções-padrão obteve-se um escore de 4,45 (DP=0,27) classificado como intermediário. Houve correlação quando comparada com fatores individuais para Escala de Personalidade de Risco (r=-0,169; p=0,024) e fatores relativos ao trabalho com a Escala de Obstáculos para seguir as precauções-padrão (r=-0,359; p=0,000). A adesão às precauções-padrão entre profissionais de enfermagem foi intermediária. Fatores individuais e relativos ao trabalho influenciaram a adesão às precauções-padrão.

Macrobii liber Saturnaliorum.

Aurispe opuscula (108). - Pogii liber in ypoçritas (422), oratio ad papam N. (139 v°), liber de nobilitate (149 v°), epistola ad Gregorium Corarium (169 v°). - Luciani dialogua qui inscribitur Caron, jnterprete Rimichio (178). P.P. Vergerii liber de in genuis moribus et liberalibus studiis (202).