908 resultados para 16:1(n-7) 16:1(n-5) 20:5(n-3)
Resumo:
Los animales silvestres obtienen refugio, hbitat, alimento y agua de la cobertura que les ofrece la vegetacin dentro del bosque. En los aos 60s, la mayora de las reas boscosas de Nandarola fueron deforestadas y usadas en la produccin agrcola de granos (frijoles, maz, arroz) y reas ganaderas. Los campos fueron recientemente abandonados y estn siendo colonizados por un joven bosque secundario (Gonzlez, 2005). La fauna silvestre tambin sufre procesos de colonizacin de las reas abandonadas, de esta forma, es importante conocer que especies son las primeras en ser parte de esa colonizacin y evaluar los cambios en composicin de las comunidades animales en el tiempo, principalmente porque muchos vegetales dependen de stos para realizar procesos biolgicos y ecolgicos tan importantes como lo son la dispersin y la polinizacin. Hasta el momento se han realizados dos muestreos para el monitoreo de la fauna silvestre en un parche de bosque seco secundario de 3.5 ha en Nandarola, realizndose 17 visitas en el primero (ao 2007) y 15 en el segundo (ao 2009), distribuidas en ocho meses (octubre-mayo en cada muestreo). El rea era agrcola y fue abandonado hace 17 aos con fines de convertirlo en rea forestal. Para la toma de datos se establecieron seis transectos de 20 x 100 m y seis puntos de conteo de 25 m de radio. Fueron contados e identificados todos los animales silvestres de los grupos mamferos, aves, reptiles y anfibios mediante la tcnica de avistamiento, para los cuales se calcul, se compar la riqueza, abundancia, diversidad biolgica y se describi la composicin de especie, la preferencia de hbitat, los hbitos alimenticios y tambin se determinaron las especies de probable ocurrencia en el rea de estudio. En promedio entre los dos muestreos fueron determinaron 113 individuos, agrupados en 35 especies, 34 gneros y 26 familias de fauna silvestre. De estas especies cuatro fueron mamferos, 21 aves, siete reptiles y tres anfibios. Las familias ms representadas segn el nmero de especies fueron: Columbidae (3 especies) e Iguanidae (3). Las especies con mayor promedio de abundancia fueron: Campylorynchus rufinucha (22.5 individuos), Thryothorus pleurostictus (11.5), Calocitta formosa (10.5), Turdus grayi (8), Pachyrampuhus aglaiae (7), Eumomota supersiliosa (6.5) y Trogon melanocephalus (6). La abundancia y la riqueza no vari significativamente entre los muestreos, la diversidad fue mayor en el primero, debido al aumento de la dominancia especfica (principalmente por Campylorynchus rufinucha ) en el segundo muestreo. El grupo de los mamferos, reptiles y anfibios fue poco representado en el rea de estudio, pudindose deber a factores antropognicos. El paisaje esta mayormente representado por especies de aves de hbitats abiertos y que se alimentan mayoritariamente de invertebrados y semillas. Por otro lado con una relacin menos especfica los mamferos y reptiles fueron principalmente de hbitats generalistas y mayormente consumidores de frutas, hierbas y vertebrados. Entre las especies de probable ocurrencia en el rea de estudio se determinaron: Bufo coccifer, Boa constrictor, Ctenosaura similis, Mabuya unimarginata, Amazilia rutila, Aratinga canicularis, Ciccaba virgata, Crax rubra, Polyborus plancus, Dasypus novencintus, Dasyprocta punctata, Felis pardalis, Felis wiedii, Philander opossum, Nasua narica, Odocoileus virginianus, Procyon lotor, Puma concolor, Sylvilagus sp, Tayassu tajacu, entre otros.
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Bioensayos fueron conducidos para determinar la susceptibilidad relativa de larvas del II instar tres especies del gnero Spodoptera (Frugiperda, exigua y sunia) (Lepidoptera: Noctidae), Se usaron cinco concentraciones (44000, 4400, 440, 44 y4,4 conidias/mm2) de Nomuraea rileyi de la cepa NI-87 aislada de Spodoptera frugiperda. Para calcular una dosis letal media (DL) en cada especie. Adems, se calcul el tiempo letal medio para efectos subletales del hongo sobre la duracin del estado larval. S frugiperda resulto ser la especie con tendencia a ser ms susceptible con una DL50 de 93.29 conidias/mm2 seguida de S exigua con 1918.25 conidias/mm2 y S Sunia con 20042569.5 conidias/mm2. Rangos de mortalidad variaron de 36.9-90% y 31.7-90%,23.8-80% y 23.8-79.9, 43-31.1 y 5.0-26.2% para S. frugiperda, S. exigua, S. sunia para la primera y segunda repeticin del bioensayo respectivamente. El TL50 vario de 7.6-16.1 das para S. frugiperda y de 6.5-29.1 das para S. Exigua se encontraron diferentes significativas entre las concentraciones y no entre especies evaluadas: Al evaluar el efecto subletal de N. rileyi se encontr una disminucin significativa en el nmero de das a parar conforme aumento la concentracin de conidias de N. rileyi en larvas que sobrevivieron el tratamiento.
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Calificacin de la aptitud reproductiva del toro 5; ii. Pubertad del macho bovino 7; iii. Organos reproductivos del toro 9; 3.1 Examen morfolgico de los rganos genitales 10; 3.2 Permetro escrotal 11; iv. Examen biolgico del semen 13; v. Patologas testiculares hereditarias 16; vi. Patologas adquiridas de origen inflamatorio 18; vii. Degeneracin testicular (basado en roberts) 20; viii. Patologas a nivel de epiddimo 24; ix. Patologas de glndulas vesiculares 28; x. Alteracin de la prstata 30; xi. Patologas del prepucio 31; xii. Patologias penianas 32; xiii. Lugar de depsito del semen segn especie 35; xiv. Comportamiento sexual del toro 39; xv. Patologas hereditarias 42; xvi. Formulacin de un diagnstico androlgico 46; xvii. Bases de la conservacin de semen bovino 48; xviii. Inseminacin artificial de la vaca con semen congelado bovino 53; xix. Comparacin de la fertilidad de semen bovino con y sin adicin de antibiticos 61; xx. Trastornos del ciclo y ovario en la vaca 64; xxi. Criterios genticos para la seleccin de toros para lecheria 67; xxii. criterios genticos para la seleccin de vacas y vaquillas de lechera 68; xxiii. Biotecnologa en reproduccin animal 69; xxiv. Manejo reproductivo del rebao bovino con nfasis en brucelosis bovina 76; xxv. Calificacin de la condicin corporal en el ganado lechero 84; xxxvi. Anlisis de un programa de salud reproductiva en la produccion de vacas lecheras en la provincial de llanquihue 85; conclusiones 88; Bibliografa 89
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(Document pdf contains 193 pages) Executive Summary (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 1. Introduction (pdf, 0.2 Mb) 1.1 Data sharing, international boundaries and large marine ecosystems 2. Objectives (pdf, 0.3 Mb) 3. Background (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 3.1 North Pacific Ecosystem Metadatabase 3.2 First federation effort: NPEM and the Korea Oceanographic Data Center 3.2 Continuing effort: Adding Japans Marine Information Research Center 4. Metadata Standards (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 4.1 Directory Interchange Format 4.2 Ecological Metadata Language 4.3 Dublin Core 4.3.1. Elements of DC 4.4 Federal Geographic Data Committee 4.5 The ISO 19115 Metadata Standard 4.6 Metadata stylesheets 4.7 Crosswalks 4.8 Tools for creating metadata 5. Communication Protocols (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 5.1 Z39.50 5.1.1. What does Z39.50 do? 5.1.2. Isite 6. Clearinghouses (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 7. Methodology (pdf, 0.2 Mb) 7.1 FGDC metadata 7.1.1. Main sections 7.1.2. Supporting sections 7.1.3. Metadata validation 7.2 Getting a copy of Isite 7.3 NSDI Clearinghouse 8. Server Configuration and Technical Issues (pdf, 0.4 Mb) 8.1 Hardware recommendations 8.2 Operating system Red Hat Linux Fedora 8.3 Web services Apache HTTP Server version 2.2.3 8.4 Create and validate FGDC-compliant Metadata in XML format 8.5 Obtaining, installing and configuring Isite for UNIX/Linux 8.5.1. Download the appropriate Isite software 8.5.2. Untar the file 8.5.3. Name your database 8.5.4. The zserver.ini file 8.5.5. The sapi.ini file 8.5.6. Indexing metadata 8.5.7. Start the Clearinghouse Server process 8.5.8. Testing the zserver installation 8.6 Registering with NSDI Clearinghouse 8.7 Security issues 9. Search Tutorial and Examples (pdf, 1 Mb) 9.1 Legacy NSDI Clearinghouse search interface 9.2 New GeoNetwork search interface 10. Challenges (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 11. Emerging Standards (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 12. Future Activity (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 13. Acknowledgments (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 14. References (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 15. Acronyms (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 16. Appendices 16.1. KODC-NPEM meeting agendas and minutes (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 16.1.1. Seattle meeting agenda, August 2223, 2005 16.1.2. Seattle meeting minutes, August 2223, 2005 16.1.3. Busan meeting agenda, October 1011, 2005 16.1.4. Busan meeting minutes, October 1011, 2005 16.2. MIRC-NPEM meeting agendas and minutes (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 16.2.1. Seattle Meeting agenda, August 14-15, 2006 16.2.2. Seattle meeting minutes, August 1415, 2006 16.2.3. Tokyo meeting agenda, October 1920, 2006 16.2.4. Tokyo, meeting minutes, October 1920, 2006 16.3. XML stylesheet conversion crosswalks (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 16.3.1. FGDCI to DIF stylesheet converter 16.3.2. DIF to FGDCI stylesheet converter 16.3.3. String-modified stylesheet 16.4. FGDC Metadata Standard (pdf, 0.1 Mb) 16.4.1. Overall structure 16.4.2. Section 1: Identification information 16.4.3. Section 2: Data quality information 16.4.4. Section 3: Spatial data organization information 16.4.5. Section 4: Spatial reference information 16.4.6. Section 5: Entity and attribute information 16.4.7. Section 6: Distribution information 16.4.8. Section 7: Metadata reference information 16.4.9. Sections 8, 9 and 10: Citation information, time period information, and contact information 16.5. Images of the Isite server directory structure and the files contained in each subdirectory after Isite installation (pdf, 0.2 Mb) 16.6 Listing of NPEMs Isite configuration files (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 16.6.1. zserver.ini 16.6.2. sapi.ini 16.7 Java program to extract records from the NPEM metadatabase and write one XML file for each record (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) 16.8 Java program to execute the metadata extraction program (pdf, < 0.1 Mb) A1 Addendum 1: Instructions for Isite for Windows (pdf, 0.6 Mb) A2 Addendum 2: Instructions for Isite for Windows ADHOST (pdf, 0.3 Mb)
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2.4. The author may post the VoR version of the article (in PDF or HTML form) in the Institutional Repository of the institution in which the author worked at the time the article was first submitted, or (for appropriate journals) in PubMed Central or UK PubMed Central or arXiv, no sooner than one year after first publication of the article in the Journal, subject to file availability and provided the posting includes a prominent statement of the full bibliographical details, a copyright notice in the name of the copyright holder (Cambridge University Press or the sponsoring Society, as appropriate), and a link to the online edition of the Journal at Cambridge Journals Online.
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<p><img src="http://img32.ddimg.cn/28/36/20024362-1_l.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="109" height="150" align="left" />()1234591013<br />()<br /></p><p><strong><font size="5"></font></strong><span><br />1<br />1.1?<br />1.2<br />1.3<br />1.4<br />2<br />2.1<br />2.2<br />2.3<br />2.4<br />2.5<br />2.6<br />2.7 <br />2.8<br />2.9<br />2.10<br />2.11<br />2.12<br />2.13<br />2.14U(r)<br />2.15<br />2.16<br />2.17<br />3<br />3.1<br />3.2<br />3.3<br />3.4<br />3.5<br />3.6()<br />3.7<br />3.8<br />3.9<br />3.10<br />4<br />4.1<br />4.2<br />4.3()<br />4.4<br />4.5<br />4.6<br />4.7<br />4.8<br />4.9<br />4.10<br />4.11()<br />4.12<br />4.13<br />4.14<br />4.15<br />4.16<br />4.17<br />4.18<br />4.19<br />……<br />5<br />6<br />7<br />8<br />9<br />10<br />11<br />12<br />13<br /><br /> </span></p>
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Fishery on brown shrimp has developed towards one of the most important fisheries in the North Sea area in economic terms. Statistical data on European wide landings have been gathered by a working group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. They show relatively stable shares of approximately 50% for Germany, 38% for the Netherlands and 8% for Denmark. Further production originates from Great Britain, France and Belgium. The new log-book regulation of the EU will give similar data improved by better information on fishing areas and fishing effort.
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166 p.
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HIGHLIGHTS FOR FY 2004 1. Completed the second of a 3-year Gulf sturgeon population estimate on the Escambia River, Florida. 2. Completed the first of a 2-year Gulf sturgeon population estimate on the Apalachicola River, Florida. 3. Conducted Gulf sturgeon presence-absence surveys in three other Florida river systems. 4. Documented Gulf sturgeon marine habitat use in the near shore waters of the Gulf of Mexico. 5. Identified environmental threats to Gulf sturgeon spawning habitat in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida. 6. Initiated a study to document Gulf sturgeon spawning with the collection of fertilized eggs in the Yellow River, Florida. 7. Implemented Gulf Striped Bass Restoration Plan by coordinating the 21st Annual Morone Workshop, leading the technical committee, transporting broodfish, and coordinating the stocking on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river system. 8. Over 86,000 Phase II Gulf striped bass were marked with sequential coded wire tags and stocked in Lake Seminole and the Apalachicola River. Post-stocking evaluations were conducted at 31 sites. 9. Drafted updates to Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Striped Bass Restoration and Evaluation Five-Year Plan with partners. 10. Fishery surveys were conducted on Tyndall Air Force Base and St. Marks and St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuges. 11. Habitat evaluations and population surveys were completed at 153 Okaloosa darter stream sites. 12. Aquatic insect biomonitoring and identification of over 39,000 individual aquatic macroinvertebrates was completed and provided to Eglin Air Force Base. 13. Ten years of fishery data from Okefenokee and Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuges was analyzed with recommendations incorporated into the refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. 14. A draft mussel sampling protocol was tested in wadeable streams in northwest Florida and southwest Georgia. 15. Implemented recovery plan and candidate conservation actions for 14 listed and candidate freshwater mussels in the Northeast Gulf Watersheds. 16. Worked with partners in developing the Spring Creek Watershed Partnership in the Flint River basin, Georgia. 17. Multiple stream restoration and watershed management projects were initiated or completed. A total of 6.8 stream miles were restored for stream fishes, along with 56.4 miles of coastline were enhanced for sea turtle lighting. A total of 135 acres of wetlands and 58 acres of understory habitat were restored. 18. Multiple outreach projects were completed to detail aquatic resources conservation needs and opportunities. Participated in National Fishing Week event, BASS ProShops event, several festivals, and school outreach.
Iso-specific Ziegler-Natta polymerization of -olefins with a single-component organoyttrium catalyst
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The synthesis of a sterically tailored ligand array (M)_2((C_5H_2-2-Si(CH_3)_3-4-C(CH_3)_3)S_2i(CH_3)_2]("M_2Bp") (M = Li, 16; K, 19) is described. Transmetallation of Li_2Bp with YCl_3(THF)_3 affords exclusively the C_2 symmetric product rac-[BpY(_2-Cl)_2Li(THF)_2], 20. A X-ray crystal structure of 20 has been determined; triclinic, P1, a= 13.110 (8), b = 17.163 (15), c = 20.623 (14) , = 104.02 (7), = 99.38 (5), = 100.24 (6) , Z = 4, R = 0.056. Transmetallation of K_2Bp with YCl_3(THF)_3 affords the halide free complex rac-BpYCl, 23. The corresponding rac-BpLaCl, 28, is prepared in an anlogous manner. In all cases the achiral meso isomer is not obtained since only for the racemic isomers are the unfavorable steric interactions between the Si(CH3)_3 groups in the narrow portion of the [Cp-M'-Cp] wedge avoided. Alkylation of 20 or 23 with LiCH(Si(CH_3)_3)_2 affords rac-BpYCH(Si(CH_3)_3)_2, 26 in good yield. Alkylation of 28 with LiCH(Si(CH_3)_3)_2 affords rac-BpLaCH(Si(CH_3)_3)_2 29. Hydrogenation of 26 cleanly affords the bridging hydride species [BpY(_2-H)]_2, 27, as the homochiral (R,R) and (S,S) dimeric pairs. 26 is an efficient initiator for the polymerization of ethylene to high molecular weight linear polyethylene. 27 catalyzes the polymerization of propylene (25% v/v in methylcyclohexane) and neat samples of 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene to moderately high molecular weight polymers: polypropylene (M_n = 4,200, PDI 2.32, T_m 157 C); poly-1-butene (M_n = 8,500, PDI 3.44, T_m 105 C); poly-1-pentene (M_n = 20,000, PDI 1.99, T_m 73 C); poly-1-hexene (M_n = 24,000, PDI 1.75, T_m < 25 C). ^(13)C NMR spectra at the pentad analysis level indicates that the degree of isotacticity is 99% mmmm for all polymer samples. 27 is the first single component iso-specific -olefin polymerization catalyst. The presumed origins of the high isospecificity are presented.
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<p>A series of terl-butylperoxide complexes of hafnium, Cp*<sub>2</sub>Hf(R)(OOCMe<sub>3</sub>) (Cp* = ((<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>); R = Cl, H, CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CHMe<sub>2</sub>, CH=CHCMe<sub>3</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, meta-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)2) and Cp*(<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)Hf(OOCMe<sub>3</sub>), has been synthesized. One example has been structurally characterized, Cp*<sub>2</sub>Hf(OOCMe<sub>3</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> crystallizes in space group P2<sub>1</sub>/c, with a = 19.890(7), b = 8.746(4), c = 17.532(6), = 124.987(24), V = 2498(2)<sup>3</sup>, Z = 4 and R<sub>F</sub> = 0.054 (2222 reflections, I > 0). Despite the coordinative unsaturation of the hafnium center, the terl-butylperoxide ligand is coordinated in a mono-dentate ligand. The mode of decomposition of these species is highly dependent on the substituent R. For R = H, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CHMe<sub>2</sub> a clean first order conversion to Cp*<sub>2</sub>Hf(OCMe<sub>3</sub>)(OR) is observed (for R CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, H = 19.6 kcalmol<sup>-1</sup>, S = -13 e.u.). These results are discussed in terms of a two step mechanism involving <sup>2</sup>-coordination of the terl-butylperoxide ligand. Homolytic O-O bond cleavage is observed upon heating of Cp*<sub>2</sub>Hf(OOCMe<sub>3</sub>) R (R = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, meta-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>). In the presence of excess 9,10-dihydroanthracene thermolysis of Cp*<sub>2</sub>Hf(OOCMe<sub>3</sub>)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> cleanly affords Cp*<sub>2</sub>Hf(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)OH and HOCMe<sub>3</sub> (H = 22.6 kcalmol<sup>-1</sup>, S = -9 e.u.). The O-O bond strength in these complexes is thus estimated to be 22 kcalmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(CH<sub>2</sub>)H, Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(CHC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)H, Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)H, Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(CH<sub>2</sub>=CH<sub>2</sub>)H and Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(CH<sub>2</sub>=CHMe)H react, presumably through Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta-R intermediates, with H<sub>2</sub>O to give Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(O)H and alkane. Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(O)H was structurally characterized: space group P2<sub>1</sub>/n, a= 13.073(3), b = 19.337(4), c = 16.002(3), = 108.66(2), V = 3832(1)<sup>3</sup>, Z = 8 and R<sub>F</sub> = 0.0672 (6730 reflections). Reaction of terlbutylhydroperoxide with these same starting materials ultimately yields Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(O)R and HOCMe<sub>3</sub>. Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(CH<sub>2</sub>=CHR)OH species are proposed as intermediates in the olefin hydride reactions. Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ta(O<sub>2</sub>)R species can be generated from the reaction of the same starting materials and O<sub>2</sub>. Lewis acids have been shown to promote oxygen insertion in these complexes.</p>
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O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi analisar o comportamento superficial do titnio comercialmente puro (grau 2 ASTM) usinado e obtido pelo processamento de metalurgia do p sob a ao de diferentes solues fluoretadas, atravs da anlise do grau de corroso em microscopia ptica (MO) e da rugosidade superficial. Alm disso, o estudo se props a comparar essas anlises com os resultados obtidos com o titnio fundido da dissertao de mestrado de Barros (2004). Todas as amostras receberam procedimento metalogrfico padro e foram divididas em grupos: Gr.1- saliva artificial com pH 7.0 (controle), Gr.2- gel de flor fosfato acidulado a 1,23% com pH 3.5, Gr.3- gel de NaF a 2% com pH 6.5, Gr.4- soluo de NaF a 0,05% com pH 4.0 e Gr.5- soluo de NaF a 0,05% com pH 7.5. As amostras foram expostas a estas solues por 1, 4, 8 e 16 min, intercaladas com imerso em saliva artificial por 24 h, e depois foram observadas em MO e MEV, a cada intervalo de tempo. As imagens em MO, 100x, foram classificadas atravs de escores de 0 a 4, conforme o grau de corroso. A rugosidade foi analisada utilizando o parmetro Ra. Os resultados da anlise de MO foram tratados estatisticamente pelo teste qui-quadrado e da rugosidade pelo teste F de Snedecor e de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Nos trs tipos de amostras, o Gr2 apresentou a corroso mais severa, e os Gr.4 e 5 apresentaram os menores graus de corroso. Entretanto, nas amostras usinadas o Gr5 apresentou uma corroso menos acentuada em relao ao Gr4. No Gr3 houve um aumento da corroso em funo do tempo, sendo que as amostras fundidas mostraram este aumento mais rapidamente. Houve um aumento significativo na rugosidade superficial no Gr.2 nos trs tipos de amostras. Nos diversos grupos, os valores de rugosidade superficial das amostras fundidas foram significantemente maiores que os das usinadas e as de metalurgia do p. Os autores concluram que as solues fluoretadas de uso odontolgico so danosas s superfcies do titnio fundido, usinado e metalurgia do p, principalmente as solues com alta concentrao de fluoreto.
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A rea estudada est inserida na Faixa Ribeira, Segmento Central da Provncia Mantiqueira (Almeida et al., 1973, 1977, 1981), que representa um cinturo de dobramentos e empurres gerado no Neo-proterozico/Cambriano, durante a Orognese Brasiliana, na borda sul/sudeste do Crton do So Francisco (Almeida, 1971, 1977; Cordani et al., 1967, 1973; Cordani & Brito Neves, 1982; Teixeira & Figueiredo, 1991). Neste contexto, o Complexo Quirino o embasamento retrabalhado do Terreno Paraba do Sul (Heilbron et al., 2004). O Complexo Quirino formado por extensos corpos de ortognaisses foliados a homogneos, leuco a mesocrticos, de granulometria mdia grossa, composicionalmente variando entre granitides tonalticos/granodiorticos a granticos, e apresentando enclaves de rochas ultramficas, mficas e clcio-silicticas (ricas em tremolita). Os ortognaisses tonalticos/granodiorticos apresentam porfiroblastos de plagioclsio e a hornblenda como mfico principal, contrastando com os de composio grantica que apresentam porfiroblastos de K-feldspato e biotita predominante. Como acessrios aparecem zirco, titanita, apatita e epidoto. Tambm esto associados a estes ortognaisses, granitides neoproterozicos que formam corpos individualizados ou lentes anatticas no conjunto paleoproterozico. Estes so compostos predominantemente por biotita gnaisse e hornblenda-biotita gnaisse. A anlise litogeoqumicas dos ortognaisses do Complexo Quirino demonstrou a existncia de duas sries magmticas distintas. A primeira pertencente srie clcio-alcalina de alto-K apresenta uma composio mais expandida grantica-adameltica/granodioritica/tonaltica e correlacionvel aos bt-ortognaisses e alguns hb-bt-ortognaisses. Os ortognaisses da srie mdio-K apresentam composio predominantemente tonaltica, sendo correlacionveis maioria dos hornblenda-biotita gnaisses. Enclaves lenticulares de metapiroxenticos e anfibolticos ocorrem em muitos afloramentos. Tambm ocorrem granitides neoproterozicos de composio granticas a quartzo-monzonticas O estudo isotpico de Sm-Nd e Sr demonstrou que os ortognaisses da srie clcio-alcalina de alto-K e aqueles da srie clcio-alcalina de mdio-K possuem idades modelo TDM variando entre paleoproterozicas a arqueanas, consistentes com dados U-Pb em zirco publicados na literatura. A srie clcio-alcalina de alto-K mais antiga (2308 9,2 Ma a 2185 8 Ma) do que a srie calcio-alcalina de mdio-K (2169 3 a 2136 14 Ma) e a existncia de zirces herdados com idades mnimas de 2846 Ma e 2981 Ma para srie de mdio-K e 3388 16 para srie de alto-K. Os granitides brasilianos possuem idades de cristalizao neoproterozica correlacionada a Orognese Brasiliana (602 a 627 Ma) (Viana, 2008; Valladares et al., 2002)./Com base nos dados de Sr e Sm-Nd foi possvel caracterizar 4 grupos distintos. Os grupos 1 e 2 so formados por rochas de idade paleoproterozica (2,1 a 2,3 Ga) com idades modelo TDM variando de 2,9 e 3,4 Ga, εNd entre -8,1 e -5,8 e 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0,694707 (Grupo 1) e TDM variando de 2,5 a 2,7 Ga, εNd entre -5,8 e -3,1 e 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0,680824 (Grupo 2), formados no paleoproterozico com contribuio de uma crosta arqueana. O grupo 3 formado por rochas juvenis de idade paleoproterozica, com idades de cristalizao variando entre 2,0 e 2,2 Ga e com idades modelo TDM variando de 2,1 a 2,2 Ga e εNd entre + 1,5 e + 1,2. O grupo 4 formado durante o neoproterozico (645 Ma) por rochas possivelmente de idade paleoproterozico com idades modelo TDM igual a 1,7 Ga e εNd igual a -8,3.
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<p>The synthesis of the first member of a new class of Dewar benzenes has been achieved. The synthesis of 2,3- dimethylbicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-diene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid and its anhydride are described. Dibromomaleic anhydride and dichloroethylene were found to add efficiently in a photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition to produce 1,2-dibromo- 3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. Removal of the bromines with tin/copper couple yielded dichloro- cyclobutenes which added to 2-butyne under photochemical conditions to yield 5,6-dichloro-2,3-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.0] hex-2-ene dicarboxylic acids. One of the three possible isomers yielded a stable anhydride which could be dechlorinated using triphenyltin radicals generated by the photolysis of hexaphenylditin.</p> <p>Photolysis of argon matrix isolated 2,3-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.0]hexa-2, 5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride produced traces whose strongest bands in the infrared were at 3350 and 600 cm^(-1). This suggested the formation of terminal acetylenes. The spectra of argon matrix isolated E- and Z- 3,4-dimethylhexa-1,5-diyne-3-ene and cis-and trans-octa- 2,6-diyne-4-ene were compared with the spectrum of the photolysis products. Possibly all four diethynylethylenes were present in the anhydride photolysis products. Gas chromatograph-mass spectral analysis of the volatiles from the anhydride photolysis again suggested, but did not confirm, the presence of the diethynylethylenes.</p>
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A questo nutricional tem sido objeto de interesse da sade pblica, no s em nosso pas, como tambm em outros, independentemente dos diferentes nveis de desenvolvimento. O sobrepeso e a obesidade so considerados agravos nutricionais importantes, cuja frequncia vem aumentando entre adolescentes, acarretando consequncias negativas, imediatas ou futuras, para a sade. Este estudo pretende descrever a prevalncia de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes, segundo o sexo, nas regies Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, e investigar a sua reao com fatores socioeconmicos e com a prtica de atividade fsica. A investigao tem como base os dados da Pesquisa sobre Padres de Vida (PPV) do IBGE, realizada entre maro de 1995 e maro de 1997, nas duas regies. Dadas as peculiaridades de crescimento e desenvolvimento durante essa fase da vida, somados a ausncia de dados sobre maturao sexual, optou-se por incluir os dados de adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade. A amostra contou com os dados de 1027 adolescentes da Regio Nordeste e 854 da Regio Sudeste com amplo predomnio numrico nas reas urbanas em ambas regies.O termo sobrepeso/obesidade foi utilizada para caracterizar os adolescentes que se encontravam com valores de ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC) iguais ou acima do percentil 85, de acordo com o sexo e a idade, da distribuio de IMC da populao norte americana (WHO, 1995). A anlise estatstica considerou os fatores de expanso e o desenho da amostra. A prevalncia de sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 8,45% IC 95% 6,51-10,90) na Regio Nordeste, contra 11,53% (IC 95% 8,90- 14,81) na Regio Sudeste. No Nordeste, observou-se maior risco de sobrepeso/obesidade para adolescentes do sexo feminino (razo de prevalncia: RP meninas/meninos=3,00; IC 95% 1,73-5,22), situao que se manteve entre os residentes da rea urbana (RPr3,21; IC 95% 1,72-5,99) e os da rea rural (RP=2,27; IC 95% 0,68-7,60). Na Regio Sudeste, o risco de sobrepeso/obesidade foi maior entre os meninos (RP meninas/meninos=0,58; IC 95% 0,37-0,92). Ao se estratificarem os dados por situao de moradia, os residentes da rea urbana desta regio mantiveram essa diminuio entre meninas (RPO,51; IC 95% 0,31-0,85), porm na rea rural houve aumento de risco entre as meninas (RP=1 86; IC 95% 0,83-4,16). A renda per capita domiciliar mensal s associou ao risco de sobrepeso/obesidade, em ambas as regies, apenas entre as meninos de maior renda per capita domiciliar mensal, quando comparados aos de renda inferior (Regio Nordeste: OR bruto=9,64; IC 95% 3,17-29,35 e CR ajustado=10,13; IC 95% 2,83-36,27 e, na Regio Sudeste: OR bruto13; IC 95% 1,50-17,48 e OR ajustado=8,70; IC 95% 1,17-32,34). Embora tenha sido observada grande frequncia de sedentarismo entre as meninas, a realizao de atividade fsica no se associou a prevalncia do sobrepeso/obesidade em nenhuma das regies estudadas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de medidas do controle dessas condies, visando a preveno de doenas crnicas, bem como da conduo de estudos que aprofundem as questes associadas ao risco de sobrepeso/obesidade entre os adolescentes de diferentes regies do pas.
