Numerical simulation of a bubble rising in shear-thinning fluids

The motion of a single bubble rising freely in quiescent non-Newtonian viscous fluids was investigated experimentally and computationally. The non-Newtonian effects in the flow of viscous inelastic fluids are modeled by the Carreau theological model. An improved level set approach for computing the incompressible two-phase flow with deformable free interface is used. The control volume formulation with the SIMPLEC algorithm incorporated is used to solve the governing equations on a staggered Eulerian grid. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is robust for shear-thinning liquids with large density (rho(1)/rho(g) up to 10(3)) and high viscosity (eta(1)/eta(g) up to 10(4)). The comparison of the experimental measurements of terminal bubble shape and velocity with the computational results is satisfactory. It is shown that the local change in viscosity around a bubble greatly depends on the bubble shape and the zero-shear viscosity of non-Newtonian shear-thinning liquids. The shear-rate distribution and velocity fields are used to elucidate the formation of a region of large viscosity at the rear of a bubble as a result of the rather stagnant flow behind the bubble. The numerical results provide the basis for further investigations, such as the numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluids. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigations of phase inversion and frictional pressure gradients in upward and downward oil–water flow in vertical pipes

The present study has attempted to investigate phase inversion and frictional pressure gradients during simultaneous vertical flow of oil and water two-phase through upward and downward pipes. The liquids selected were white oil (44 mPa s viscosity and 860 kg/m3 density) and water. The measurements were made for phase velocities varying from 0 to 1.24 m/s for water and from 0 to 1.87 m/s for oil, respectively. Experiments were carried either by keeping the mixture velocity constant and increasing the dispersed phase fraction or by keeping the continuous phase superficial velocity constant and increasing the dispersed phase superficial velocity. From the experimental results, it is shown that the frictional pressure gradient reaches to its lower value at the phase inversion point in this work. The points of phase inversion are always close to an input oil fraction of 0.8 for upward flow and of 0.75 for downward flow, respectively. A few models published in the literature are used to predict the phase inversion point and to compare the results with available experimental data. Suitable methods are suggested to predict the critical oil holdup at phase inversion based on the different viscosity ratio ranges. Furthermore, the frictional pressure gradient is analyzed with several suitable theoretical models according to the existing flow patterns. The analysis reveals that both the theoretical curves and the experimental data exhibit the same trend and the overall agreement of predicted values with experimental data is good, especially for a high oil fraction.

CFD analysis of thermodynamic cycles in a pulse tube refrigerator

The objectives of this paper are to study the thermodynamic cycles in an inertance tube pulse tube refrigerator (ITPTR) by means of CFD method The simulation results show that gas parcels working in different parts of ITPTR undergo different thermodynamic cycles The net effects of those thermodynamic cycles are pumping heat from the low temperature part to the high temperature part of the system The simulation results also show that under different frequencies of piston movement the gas parcels working in the same part of the system will undergo the same type of thermodynamic cycles The simulated thermal cycles are compared with those thermodynamic analysis results from a reference Comparisons show that both CFD simulations and theoretical analysis predict the same type of thermal cycles at the same location However only CFD simulation can give the quantitative results while the thermodynamic analysis is still remaining in quality (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved

利用中-质微分流探测对称能的高密行为

基于同位旋和动量依赖的强子输运模型IBUU04,研究了132Sn+124Sn在三种不同碰撞能量、两种不同对称能作用下,中_质微分流随快度的变化关系.发现中_质微分流的强度随碰撞能量的增大而增强.在碰撞能量为400MeV每核子时,中_质微分流对对称能最为敏感.

快重离子辐照聚酰亚胺潜径迹的电子能损效应

快重离子辐照聚合物材料时,由于密集电离激发在其路径上产生几纳米直径的潜径迹,径迹形貌受离子种类、离子能量等多种因素的影响.为了研究电子能损对径迹形成所起的作用,利用1.158GeV的Fe56离子和1.755GeVXe136离子在室温真空环境下辐照叠层聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,结合傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)分析技术对辐照引起的化学变化进行了测量.聚酰亚胺官能团的降解及炔基的生成是离子辐照聚合物的主要特征,在注量1×1011到6×1012/cm2范围及较宽的电子能损(dE/dX)e范围(Fe56离子:2.2到5.2keV/nm,Xe136离子:8.6到11.3keV/nm)对官能团的断键率及炔基生成率进行了研究.红外结果显示在实验涉及的能损范围都有炔基生成,应用径迹饱和模型对实验结果进行拟合,不同能损下的平均损伤径迹半径及炔基生成径迹半径被得到,通过热峰模型对实验结果拟合,给出了离子在聚酰亚胺中产生潜径迹的能损阈值,实验给出的径迹形貌的电子能损效应曲线与热峰模型预言走势基本一致.

高电荷态离子~(126)Xe~(q+)与Ti固体表面作用的激发光谱

报道用 15 0keV的高电荷态离子1 2 6 Xeq + (6≤q≤ 30 )轰击Ti固体表面产生 2 0 0— 10 0 0nm波段发射光谱的实验结果 .结果显示 ,用电荷态足够高的离子作光谱激发源 ,无需很强的束流强度 (nA量级 ) ,便可激发起样品表面的原子和离子在可见光波段的特征谱线 .当入射离子剥离度q >qc≈ 2 0时 ,Ti原子及其离子的特征谱线强度突然显著增强 ;不同金属靶 ,特征谱线突然增强的qc值不同 .理论分析表明 ,这与q大于此临界值后 ,单电子转移释放能量激发靶材料传导电子气体的表面等离激元密切相关 .

化学非平衡夸克-胶子物质中等质量双轻子的产生

研究了正在进行化学平衡的富重子夸克 胶子物质的双轻子产生 ,发现由于产生在RHIC能量的化学非平衡的富重子夸克 胶子物质冷却慢和高的初始温度 ,导致中等质量双轻子产生重大增强 .因此 ,中等质量双轻子的增强可以是夸克 胶子物质形成的信号 .同时 ,这个增强能补偿由于初始夸克化学势增加引起的双轻子抑制 ,因而双轻子产额的抑制不再是夸克 胶子物质产生的信号 .

非均匀交换各向异性铁磁介质的非线性表面自旋波

利用Landau Lifshitz方程 ,研究了具有非均匀交换各向异性的半无限大铁磁体的非线性表面自旋波理论。导出了部分钉扎纯交换铁磁介质的磁化强度所满足的边界条件和非线性表面自旋波的色散关系 ,并获得了自旋波振幅沿z方向驻波的一维非线性Schr dinger方程和包络振幅沿平面传播的二维非线性Schr dinger方程 ,结果表明铁磁体磁化强度的包络振幅随时空变化的性质是由二维非线性Schr dinger方程决定的。因此预言铁磁介质的表面非线性激发应是二维孤波的形式。对于弱非线性表面自旋波 ,对非线性Schr dinger方程存在孤子形式解的可能性作了讨论 .

高电荷态Ar~(q+)与Ne碰撞中入射离子电荷交换截面的研究

报道Arq + +Ne(q =8,9,11,12 )碰撞体系中多电子转移过程 ,得到了多组实验测量电荷交换截面数据 ,讨论入射离子电荷交换截面、反冲离子产生截面与入射离子电荷态、能量以及散射离子电荷态的关系 ,并且将实验结果与Arq + +Ar碰撞体系进行对比研究。在修正分子库仑过垒模型的基础上 ,对实验现象做了合理的解释