Pescadores da reserva extrativista marinha de Soure: práticas sociais no território

O objeto deste estudo são as práticas sociais de pescadores artesanais inseridos em Unidades de Conservação, em especial na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, localizada a leste do município de Soure, no Estado do Pará. Esta RESEX é uma unidade de conservação federal, de uso sustentável, criada através do Decreto s/n de 22 de novembro de 2001, de conformidade ao estabelecido no SNUC e cujos órgãos gestores são o Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação e Biodiversidade – ICMBio e a Associação dos Usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure – ASSUREMAS. Segundo o ICMBio, a RESEX compreende todas as comunidades e bairros de Soure classificados como usuários da mesma: Araruna; Barra Velha; Bom Futuro; Cajuúna, Centro de Soure, Céu, Macaxeira, Matinha, Bairro Novo, Pacoval, Pedral, Pesqueiro, Pua, São Pedro, Tucumanduba e Umirizal. O trabalho de campo foi realizado nos meses de maio, junho, julho e outubro/2013 em três comunidades: Cajuúna, Céu e Pesqueiro, localizadas dentro dos limites desta UC. A pesquisa empírica objetivou refletir a realidade social da comunidade Cajuúna por meio de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, enquanto o Povoado do Céu e a Vila do Pesqueiro por meio de abordagem qualitativa. Para identificar os recursos florestais e hídricos realizou-se levantamento de produtos da economia pesqueira: peixe, camarão, caranguejo e turu; também aquela voltada aos produtos florestais, como o coco, o muruci e as sementes de andiroba, entre outros. Para a coleta destas informações e sobre a saúde foram aplicados, respectivamente, 61 (sessenta e um) e 20 (vinte) questionários e realizadas 55 (cinquenta e cinco) entrevistas. Observou-se que as famílias vivem da pesca na época da safra e, na entressafra, há redirecionamento para outras atividades como a construção civil, a carpintaria, o comércio; valem-se também dos programas governamentais. Na RESEX Marinha de Soure, apesar das potencialidades naturais, conferem-se limitações para garantir a reprodução econômica e social dos extrativistas. Este estudo interdisciplinar fundamenta-se no saber local dos pescadores e propôs a identificação das práticas sociais baseadas nos seus conhecimentos tradicionais, assim como compreender as organizações sociais que contribuem para a reprodução econômica e social dos agentes sociais e para a preservação ambiental deste território. As práticas sociais no território de pescadores são apreendidas como produto das suas atividades de cooperação mutua quanto ao uso dos recursos naturais e suas formas de organizações sociais, assim como, as expressões culturais manifestadas através da religiosidade e das festas, cujos ritos fortalecem as interações sociais “de dentro” e “de fora” das unidades sociais.

A questão da mulher na reprodução da força de trabalho

Análise da relação entre a reprodução da força de trabalho e os papéis sexuais. O eixo do estudo se desloca do papel da mulher como reprodutora na esfera econômica para o seu papel na reprodução social.

Classes sociais e família: nota para a pesquisa empírica

Nesta nota procura-se discutir, ainda que de forma provisória, alguns problemas teóricos implícitos nas pesquisas empíricas sobre família. O ponto de partida é a relação teórica entre classes sociais e família. Discute-se a ausência de referência empírica imediata do conceito de classe social e também as determinações da família enquanto estrutura de reprodução de agentes sociais. Sugere-se que esta reprodução social que ocorre através da famlia envolveria também elementos econômicos e ideológicos de forma mais próxima à estrutura ocupacional da força de trabalho. O exame das razoes teóricas e metodológicas bem como dos estudos empíricos levam à conclusão que aparentemente é pouco produtivo explicar as situações familiares apreendidas nas pesquisas empíricas apenas pela sua remissão direta à estrutura de classes.

Os efeitos dos programas de desenvolvimento rural para o apoio à agricultura familiar no Noroeste Paulista: limites, desafios e perspectivas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) no município de Pirapozinho (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Densidade técnica e especialização regional produtiva: as dinâmicas de produção de celulose no Vale do Paraíba Paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Crise da cafeicultura e seus efeitos socioeconômicos no município de Dracena (SP)

The coffee crisis in the 1980s reached deeply municipality of Dracena, considering that the coffee had significant social and economic importance to the area. In this context, the research aimed to analyze the socioeconomic consequences that this crisis has provided small rural proprietors of the county. To achieve this goal we seek to articulate the theoretical reference, with data from secondary sources, interviews with the main responsible for the agricultural sector and an application questionnaire to 21 small rural proprietors of the county. It was found that, due to the dependence relationship with the coffee, the economy of the city suffered from the attack of said culture during the 1980s. Rural producers who cultivated such crops as the main, had to readjust productively to remain in the countryside, but the economic and social development that coffee was brought in earlier times was not rescued. As a consequence, there has been an intensification of evasion demographic of rural municipality, a process that had begun in the 1970s and was strongly reinforced by the crisis of the coffee culture. We note that from the 2000s, the situation became better for small rural proprietors in order that public policies implemented now serve, in part, the needs of those with greater efficiency. This situation can be evidenced by a slight reduction in the number of rural people dracenense. Despite improvements recorded since the 2000s, the situation is still not ideal, given that many small proprietors surveyed expressed dissatisfaction. In this context, we note that the performance and joint of federal, state and municipal government are essential so that public policies are efficient, thus providing decent conditions for social reproduction of small rural proprietors and their dependents in the countryside

Escolarização de elites na perspectiva das famílias

We investigated strategies for children education of academic elites. Our study had as basis researches done in Brazil about the scholarization of elites’ groups during the last two decades. The theorical referential for the definition and the problematization of our object of study was based on Almeida and Nogueira’s works (2002), Bourdieu and Passeron (1975), Brandão and Lellis (2003), Busetto (2006), Lacerda and Carvalho (2007) and Nogueira (1998; 2002; 2005). We developed desk research on the pedagogical proposals of a high school in São Paulo state, its image among the society analyzed through advertising material and the application of semi-structured interviews with six families. The results shows that not only the educational but also the families goals in maintaining privileged positions in terms of children’s admission to universities and courses of high prestige, and the perpetuation of the condition in belonging to an elite group.

Campesinato e agrohidronegócio canavieiro no Pontal do Paranapanema: os desafios para a transição agroecológica

This paper appears in order to promote a discussion on the use and ways of working with the land. For this, we present a scenario of conflict initiated in Pontal do Parananema, São Paulo, Brazil, between the peasantry and the agrohidronegócio. The Pontal is a territory marked by agrarian and land conflicts, originated by the illegal occupation of land by the squatters, the decimation / expropriation of indigenous, and deforestation and environmental devastation. This conflict is represented today by the sugarcane agro-industrial capital companies on one side, and the other peasants. The expansion occurs agrohidronegócio strongly from 2005, due mainly to the change in the energy matrix of the country and state incentives with strong momentum in the production of flex-fuel vehicles. Rural agrarian reform settlements, made possible by the state under pressure from social movements, are spatialized in 16 municipalities with a total of 112 settlements, occupying an area of 139. 682 hectares, seating 5. 892 families. These families have seen their possibilities of social reproduction increasingly suppressed by the advance of sugarcane agrohidronegócio in the region, which suffocates the living spaces and work of these peasants. Front of it, agroecology is an alternative for these workers to ensure their reproductive possibilities. Agroecology also arises as a means of confronting agribusiness model, adding elements to the environment, such as the eradication of the use of pesticides and considering the dynamics of nature to promote agriculture, and social order, contributing food sovereignty and the production of healthy food and diversity to the population...

Reformas educacionais e avaliação: mecanismos de regulação docente

Our main concern was to investigate the forms and rationalities implicit in the social regulation/autonomy of the management processes of learning, historically established in the 1971 through 2002 educational reforms, via assessment guidelines of school performance in the state of São Paulo. We used a socio-historical approach, relying on speeches and official documents as our primary source and on studies and research work about teacher assessment and performance as secondary sources. As central categories we considered continuity and rupture in the patterns and mechanisms of social regulation/autonomy of educational work. The results help to clarify how educational policies, instituted in contexts of social reproduction/transformation, influence the management of educational processes within the school.

Juventude sobre pressão: um fórum alemão e uma obra de Octávio Ianni

In the 20th century, youth has become a western myth rather than an important social category in the projection of future societies. The Right-wing was ahead of left-wing movements supporting national political projects. The crisis in the Welfare state and socialism system disoriented the right and left-wing movements. The myth of youth as reference for the progressive development of history was destroyed. Youth movements, consolidated in some student movements and supported by some religious organizations took over this reference position. However, these new youth movements are rarely engaged in political or environmentalist projects. The violence that originates from disturbing practices of social reproduction puts youth under pressure.

De associações às redes de sociabilidade: análise de resultados de pesquisa em assentamentos de reforma agrária

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Globalização, Estado e crise estrutural do capital

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

Desenvolvimento do Atlas da Questão Agrária Brasileira: análise da dinâmica territorial recente da agropecuária brasileira (2006-2012) e da participação da agricultura camponesa na produção do campo (2006)

This monograph is part of the works developed in the Scientific Initiation aimed at updating and improving the Atlas of Brazilian Agrarian Question - AQAB. For pioneering and scope of work-matrix, the objective this first part focused on the development of issues related to agricultural production, being drawn maps with data from the Municipal Agricultural Production-PAM 2012; Municipal Livestock Research-PPM 2012; Production of Vegetable Extraction and Forestry-2012, all analyzed from bibliographic review and joint interpretation of tables and graphs. Pari passu, this topic allowed the development of studies on peasant farms, because they are correlated subjects. Peasant farmers produce large portion of the food served to the population. Its features are its mode of production in the field, the way in which the activities take place within the family, the struggle for their social reproduction and by the earth, the practice of polyculture, preservation of the environment and the genetic diversity of species. The surplus production is sold on the market to meet other family demands unmet by production on their properties. We understand that both terms; Peasant or Farmer, refer to the same subject, but with different interpretations of their way of social reproduction and market relations...

Desenvolvimento do Atlas da Questão Agrária Brasileira: análise da dinâmica territorial recente da agropecuária brasileira (2006-2012) e da participação da agricultura camponesa na produção do campo (2006)

This monograph is part of the works developed in the Scientific Initiation aimed at updating and improving the Atlas of Brazilian Agrarian Question - AQAB. For pioneering and scope of work-matrix, the objective this first part focused on the development of issues related to agricultural production, being drawn maps with data from the Municipal Agricultural Production-PAM 2012; Municipal Livestock Research-PPM 2012; Production of Vegetable Extraction and Forestry-2012, all analyzed from bibliographic review and joint interpretation of tables and graphs. Pari passu, this topic allowed the development of studies on peasant farms, because they are correlated subjects. Peasant farmers produce large portion of the food served to the population. Its features are its mode of production in the field, the way in which the activities take place within the family, the struggle for their social reproduction and by the earth, the practice of polyculture, preservation of the environment and the genetic diversity of species. The surplus production is sold on the market to meet other family demands unmet by production on their properties. We understand that both terms; Peasant or Farmer, refer to the same subject, but with different interpretations of their way of social reproduction and market relations...