Existentialism : providing an ideal framework for educational research in times of uncertainty ®

Issues such as anxiety, alienation, crises and concerns over self-identity typify this era of uncertainty. These are also recognised themes of Existentialism and have implications for educational practice and research. The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it aims to clarify Existentialism, as too often it is mistakenly assumed to refer to an atomistic view of the individual, who is able to exercise absolute freedom. This clarification refers primarily to the works of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Heidegger.

The second purpose is to present an outline of a particular existential framework. This is mainly structured around the notion of the learner, who is characterised as being in relation, culturally embedded, alienated and a meaning-maker. These attributes have direct implications for the ideal of 'the educated person' - an often-articulated 'aim' of education programmes. Becoming educated, according to this framework, means becoming authentic, spiritual, critical, empathetic, and having personal identity.

A third purpose is to argue how educators may usefully employ such a framework. By engaging with it, educators are able to examine effective pedagogical approaches using notions of 'the existential crisis' and anxiety. In this way, educational curriculums, programmes and policies can also be critiqued using this framework.

Examining the dissociative basis for body image disturbances

Although dissociative symptoms have been linked with both food- and appearance-related aspects of eating disorders, the psychological mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that the disturbances of self-identity attributed to dissociation can manifest as disturbances of body image and, in turn, undermine body-specific self-evaluations relevant to disordered eating (i.e., body comparison, body dissatisfaction, and internalization of the thin ideal). Ninety-three female university students completed self-report measures of dissociation and body-related aspects of disordered eating. In addition, the method of constant stimuli was used to experimentally derive three measures of body image disturbance: (1) accuracy of body size estimations (body image distortion), (2) ability to discriminate between different body sizes (body image sensitivity), and (3) consistency in one’s body size estimations (body image variability). The findings show that dissociation is related to symptoms of disordered eating, and that these relationships may be mediated by body image instability. Collectively, these findings support the notion that the body image attitudes and behaviours that characterize eating disorders may derive from proprioceptive deficits due to dissociation.

Under what conditions? Including students with learning disabilities within Australian classrooms

In Australian schools, "inclusion" is a term that is used to challenge a previously narrow focus on students with disabilities and their integration within and distribution amongst "mainstream" schools and classrooms. Nevertheless, this article argues that, as a concept, "inclusion" requires further broadening and deepening, particularly in arenas of practice, if it is to serve the interests of all students. Informed by notions of recognitive justice, the paper advocates rethinking inclusion to accommodate student differences in more socially just ways - emphasising students' contributions rather than their disabilities - and what this means for the organisation of classrooms and schools. Within the article, research data are focused primarily on students with learning disabilities and draw on twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with parents and teachers across six Australian state primary and secondary schools. Three sets of conditions are proposed as necessary for inclusive classroom and school processes: specifically, those that promote self-identity and respect, self expression and development and selfdetermination and decision-making.

Hybrid identities in a globalised world

Sociology is interested in how identities are constructed and maintained, especially how gender, race, ethnicity and class impacts on self-identity and on our life chances. Who we are, how we perceive ourselves and how others perceive us has increasingly led many social scientists to describe contemporary identities as hybrid. This might be defined at one level as the intermingling or mixture of people from different cultural backgrounds. Sociologists and other social theorists have argued over the last twenty years that individuals have multiple identities that cut across many group allegiances. Nevertheless, there are problems with the use of the term hybrid. For some, hybrid suggests some kind of ‘new cultural melting pot, in which crucial cultural differences are effaced and power relations obscured’ (Hynes 2000). For others it implies that something pure or authentic and of traditional value has been lost. These debates do not hide the fact that racial and cultural hybrid identities have been fuelled by globalizing and transnational processes.

Finding a place for personal growth in an Australian community singing group for older people

As in many countries, Australia is faced with an aging population. This creates challenges for the maintenance of well-being which can be enhanced by active engagement in society. Music engagement encompasses a range of social participation and has the potential to recognise the contribution of older people to their local communities. Engagement in music by older people (50+) is positively related to individual and community well-being.  Music participation can contribute to a better quality of life, particularly in relation to health and happiness. The possible forms of music engagement are myriad.

This paper focuses on two members of a mixed voluntary singing group formed by older residents of an outer suburban community in Melbourne, Australia.  This study frames music as a positive way for older people to find a place for personal growth and fulfilment in a singing group. This phenomenological qualitative single case study focuses on two members of a small singing ensemble, the Skylarkers, formed to perform at retirement villages, nursing homes and facilities for senior citizens. In this study, data were gathered by interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Two significant themes emerged. The first concerned the nature of the choir and its fluid membership and notions of self-identity. The second theme concerns the validation offered to individual members by active music participation through which they gained a sense of purpose, fulfilment and personal growth. This emphasis is unusual in discussions of community music engagement that ordinarily identify the importance of social connections. Groups such as the Skylarkers provide a place for members to continue their active engagement with music performance and music learning.

Consistency and stability in aggregation operators : an application to missing data problems

In this work we analyze the key issue of the relationship that should hold between the operators in a family {An} of aggregation operators in order to understand they properly define a consistent whole. Here we extend some of the ideas about stability of a family of aggregation operators into a more general framework, formally defining the notions of i – L and j – R strict stability for families of aggregation operators. The notion of strict stability of order k is introduced as well. Finally, we also present an application of the strict stability conditions to deal with missing data problems in an information aggregation process. For this analysis, we have focused in the weighted mean family and the quasi-arithmetic weighted means families.

The show must go on’ : older entertainers making music in the community in Melbourne, Australia

Globally countries are faced with an aging population and Australia is no different. This creates challenges for the maintenance of well-being which can be enhanced by active engagement in society. There is extensive research that confirms that engagement in music by older people is positively related to individual and community wellbeing. Music engagement encompasses a range of social participation and has the potential to recognise the contribution of older people to their local communities. Music participation can contribute to a better quality of life, particularly in relation to health and happiness. There are many possible forms of music engagement. This study is part of an on-going Deakin University and Monash University research project, Well-being and ageing: community, diversity and the arts in Victoria. This article focuses on three members of a mixed voluntary singing group formed by older residents of an outer suburban community in Melbourne, Australia. This group, The Skylarkers, were established in 1999 as a four-part choir. Over the years the nature of the choir has changed under subsequent music directors. Since 2009 the group has focused on music theatre repertoire and performance style. Membership of the group is fluid reflecting changing life circumstances of the members but the ensemble is resilient. This small amateur music theatre group is based in suburban Melbourne, rehearses weekly and performs regularly at retirement villages, nursing homes and facilities for senior citizens. This article presents a phenomenological qualitative single case study of members of the Skylarkers. In this study, interview data were gathered in 2011-2012 and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two significant themes emerged that concern musical self-identity and gaining a sense of purpose and fulfilment. The Skylarkers are more than a choir; they are an amateur entertainment troupe that engages with each other and the wider community. This resilient group holds true to the motto ‘the show must go on’.

The relationship between ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior: linear or curvilinear effects?

In this study, we examine the nature of the relationship between ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), defined as unethical behavior conducted by employees with the aim of benefiting their organization, and whether the strength of the relationship differs between subordinates experiencing high and low identification with supervisor. Based on three-wave survey data obtained from 239 public sector employees in China, we find that ethical leadership has an inverted u-shaped (curvilinear) relationship with UPB. As the level of ethical leadership increases from low to moderate, UPB increases; as the level of ethical leadership increases from moderate to high, UPB decreases. Further, we find that the strength of this inverted u-curve relationship differs between subordinates with high and low identification with supervisor. That is to say, the inverted u-shaped relationship between ethical leadership and UPB was stronger when subordinates experienced high levels of identification with supervisor. The theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for understanding how to manage UPB in an organizational context are discussed. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Relações entre a escolarização do adolescente e a antecipação do desempenho de um papel social

The achievement of an adolescent’s psychosocial identity is influenced by identifications developed within the family. Along the schooling process, the adolescent experiences success and failure. Such experiences are given a special meaning, according to social ideals that are reproduced at school. The assimilation of these ideals, as values, can be perceived in the social representations of success or failure at school. The spreading of a certain ideological order acts as a background for self-identity. This is the framework within which the choice of a future role, translated by the desired profession, will be done. Statistical analysis of data, collected by a survey that held such assumptions, led to the conclusion that family and school select each other, and make an agreement that is honored by common social values, in search of a social role for the coming generations.

Quilombo urbano maloca: territorialidade e ressignificação de processos identitários

Currently in the social sciences the question of self-identity and its meanings, absorb as a central objective aspects that concern analysis of an imaginary (re) constructed from processes of identity affirmation. Ethnic discourse in the consolidation of social boundaries (re) assemble a social policy apparatus able to claim their belongings concerning his ancestry, as well as the interpretation of the meanings given to their territory by any group. This dissertation work is the result of an ethnographic study undertaken with the residents of the Community Maloca, Vargas located in the neighborhood adjacent to the commercial center in Aracaju - SE. Since February 2007 the group is certified by FCP - Palmares Cultural Foundation as a lasting community, while it is part of a special gift for being an urban center, varying from the majority of that remaining Maroons in their contexts, outcrops and specific land rural. It focuses on the work process of territorial formation of the hut, and the arrival of their first actors, contextualizing the process of legitimation refers to the territory they live, as well as the various narratives that (re) construct the time he lived, the relations kinship, conflict, the process of self-affirmation as runaways and the relationship of belonging with their living space / living contained in the imaginary city of Aracaju. Attempts are made to the opportunity to understand the meanings that affirm their ethnicity, parallel group for the pursuit of effective policies and guarantee of constitutional rights in the urban context.

Avaliação e intervenção psicossocial e nutricional com crianças em condição de sobrepeso e obesidade

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

As fronteiras: retomando a palavra e libertando significados. Quem sou eu? As mulheres e as identidades redescobertas

From one dimension of culture, the word boundary breaks away from the idea of territorial boundary defined a priori as something fixed to the delineation of boundaries. Released this commitment, it can be thought of in other dimensions: as of transition moments of identity experienced by individuals, for women, compared to established norms. Questioning the determinant and connected speech processes of change, they left the banks in which they lived and sought recognition of self, identity and new choices have taken up other possibilities for being, social inclusion, coupled with the guarantee of their rights. Recognizing the existence of this movement, I propose a look at border on the inclusion of women as widows in order to observe the multiple identities of their female protagonists. This reflection aims to take account of social fraying beyond the limits and directions in taxes and if the widow, to expand the boundaries of its meaning and consider the possibility of hybrid subjects, differentiated, and therefore mobile and moving all the time an ongoing performance of operations, as well as contemporary studies have shown about gender relations that take into account the distinctions of race, class, ethnicity, and especially for generations.

O skate na cultura corporal de movimento: aspectos evolutivos e sociais

Skateboarding gets practitioners and followers all over the world and it's still growing. Thus performing a detailed analysis of its tracks becomes exciting. This study has a purpose of investigation about the evolution of the skateboard as a leisure activity and as a sport, supported by historical and social factors analysis that influenced their growth. Furthermore to understand the sport history and its influence in the socialization process, and also in the insertion of individuals in a social context within the body movement culture. The methodology used in this study was based on a literature review, analyzing articles, books, documents, websites and reports of the genre. It was concluded that the practice of skateboarding is unique and it's promoted to be and to have self identity and it is directly related to an activity that is characterized as free and creative without any molded identity. And also promote the insertion of this kind of skateboarding as a universal phenomenon about the body movement seeking social interactions in different educational views through a sharing attitude

OGM e consumatore: il ruolo della conoscenza e della fiducia nelle fonti d'informazione attraverso la Teoria del Comportamento Pianificato

Il lavoro presentato si propone di fornire un contributo all'implementazione di indagini finalizzate a misurare l'evoluzione delle intenzioni d'acquisto del consumatore italiano nei confronti degli OGM, data anche l'impossibilità  al momento di avere indicazioni e dati sul comportamento (vista la quasi totale assenza dei prodotti OGM nella distribuzione, se si eccettuano i prodotti d'allevamento di animali alimentati con OGM per cui non è previsto nessun obbligo di etichettatura). Le coltivazioni transgeniche (Organismi Geneticamente Modificati) si stanno diffondendo abbastanza rapidamente nel contesto mondiale, dal 1996, primo anno in cui sono uscite dalla fase sperimentale, ad oggi. Nel 2008 la superficie globale delle colture biotech è stata di 125 milioni di ettari, circa il 9% in più rispetto ai 114 milioni del 2007, mentre il numero dei Paesi che hanno adottato varietà  GM è giunto a 25. Di questi sono soprattutto Usa, Canada, Argentina, Brasile, Cina e India a trainare la crescita; le colture più diffuse sono soia, mais, cotone e colza, prodotti destinati principalmente al segmento feed e al segmento no-food e solo in minima parte al segmento food (cioè all'alimentazione diretta umana). Molte più resistenze ha incontrato tale sviluppo nei Paesi dell'Unione europea. A tutt'oggi le coltivazioni GM hanno raggiunto estensioni significative solamente in Spagna, con alcune decine di migliaia di ettari di mais GM. Mais che peraltro è l'unica produzione per cui è stata autorizzata una varietà  GM alla coltivazione. Si intuisce in sostanza come in Europa si sia assunto un atteggiamento molto più prudente verso l'utilizzo su larga scala di tale innovazione scientifica, rispetto a quanto accaduto nei grandi Paesi citati in precedenza. Una prudenza dettata dal serrato dibattito, tuttora in corso, tra possibilisti e contrari, con contrapposizioni anche radicali, al limite dell'ideologia. D'altro canto, le indagini di Eurobarometro hanno messo in luce un miglioramento negli ultimi anni nella percezione dei cittadini europei verso le biotecnologie: dopo aver raggiunto un livello minimo di fiducia nel 1999, si è manifestata una lenta risalita verso i livelli di inizio anni '90, con percentuali di "fiduciosi" intorno al 55-60% sul totale della popolazione. Tuttavia, sebbene sulle biotecnologie in genere (l'Eurobarometro individua quattro filoni: alimenti contenenti OGM, terapie geniche, nanotecnologie e farmaci contenenti OGM), il giudizio sia abbastanza positivo, sugli alimenti permane un certo scetticismo legato soprattutto a considerazioni di inutilità  della tecnologia, di rischio percepito e di accettabilità morale: per citare il caso italiano, che, contrariamente a quello che si potrebbe pensare, è tra i più elevati nel contesto europeo, solamente un cittadino su tre valuta positivamente gli alimenti contenenti OGM. Se si analizza, inoltre, il sentiment del settore agricolo, nel quale il tema riveste anche un'importanza di natura economico-produttiva, in quanto incidente sui comportamenti e sulla strategie aziendali, sembra emergere un'apertura significativamente più elevata, se non una vera e propria frattura rispetto all'opinione pubblica. Infatti, circa due maiscoltori lombardi su tre (Demoskopea, 2008), cioè la tipologia di agricoltori che potrebbe beneficiare di tale innovazione, coltiverebbero mais GM se la normativa lo consentisse. Ebbene, in tale contesto diventa d'estremo interesse, sebbene di non facile praticabilità , lo studio e l'implementazione di modelli volti a monitorare le componenti che concorrono a formare l'intenzione e, in ultima analisi, il comportamento, dei consumatori verso gli OGM. Un esercizio da attuare per lo più tramite una serie di misurazioni indirette che devono fermarsi necessariamente all'intenzione nel caso italiano, mentre in altri Paesi che hanno avuto legislazioni più favorevoli all'introduzione degli OGM stessi nella produzione food può perseguire approcci d'analisi field, focalizzati non solo sull'intenzione, ma anche sul legame tra intenzione ed effettivo comportamento. Esiste una vasta letteratura che studia l'intenzione del consumatore verso l'acquisto di determinati beni. Uno degli approcci teorici che negli ultimi anni ha avuto più seguito è stato quello della Teoria del Comportamento Pianificato (Ajzen, 1991). Tale teoria prevede che l'atteggiamento (cioè l'insieme delle convinzioni, credenze, opinioni del soggetto), la norma soggettiva (cioè l'influenza dell'opinione delle persone importanti per l'individuo) e il controllo comportamentale percepito (ovvero la capacità , auto-percepita dal soggetto, di riuscire a compiere un determinato comportamento, in presenza di un'intenzione di ugual segno) siano variabili sufficienti a spiegare l'intenzione del consumatore. Tuttavia, vari ricercatori hanno e stanno cercando di verificare la correlazione di altre variabili: per esempio la norma morale, l'esperienza, l'attitudine al rischio, le caratteristiche socio-demografiche, la cosiddetta self-identity, la conoscenza razionale, la fiducia nelle fonti d'informazione e via discorrendo. In tale lavoro si è cercato, quindi, di esplorare, in un'indagine "pilota" quali-quantitativa su un campione ragionato e non probabilistico, l'influenza sull'intenzione d'acquisto di prodotti alimentari contenenti OGM delle variabili tipiche della Teoria del Comportamento Pianificato e di alcune altre variabili, che, nel caso degli OGM, appaiono particolarmente rilevanti, cioè conoscenza, fiducia nelle fonti d'informazione ed elementi socio-demografici. Tra i principali risultati da porre come indicazioni di lavoro per successive analisi su campioni rappresentativi sono emersi: - La conoscenza, soprattutto se tecnica, sembra un fattore, relativamente al campione ragionato analizzato, che conduce ad una maggiore accettazione degli OGM; le stesse statistiche descrittive mettono in luce una netta differenza in termini di intenzione d'acquisto dei prodotti contenenti OGM da parte del sub-campione più preparato sull'argomento; - L'esplorazione della fiducia nelle fonti d'informazione è sicuramente da approfondire ulteriormente. Dall'indagine effettuata risulta come l'unica fonte che influenza con le sue informazioni la decisione d'acquisto sugli OGM è la filiera agroalimentare. Dato che tali attori si caratterizzano per lo più con indicazioni contrarie all'introduzione degli OGM nei loro processi produttivi, è chiaro che se il consumatore dichiara di avere fiducia in loro, sarà  anche portato a non acquistare gli OGM; - Per quanto riguarda le variabili della Teoria del Comportamento Pianificato, l'atteggiamento mette in luce una netta preponderanza nella spiegazione dell'intenzione rispetto alla norma soggettiva e al controllo comportamentale percepito. Al contrario, queste ultime appaiono variabili deboli, forse perchè a tutt'oggi la possibilità  concreta di acquistare OGM è praticamente ridotta a zero ; - Tra le variabili socio-demografiche, l'influenza positiva del titolo di studio sulla decisione d'acquisto sembra confermare almeno in parte quanto emerso rispetto alla variabile "conoscenza"; - Infine, il fatto che il livello di reddito non influisca sull'intenzione d'acquisto appare abbastanza scontato, se si pensa, ancora una volta, come a tutt'oggi gli OGM non siano presenti sugli scaffali. Il consumatore non ha al momento nessuna idea sul loro prezzo. Decisamente interessante sarà  indagare l'incidenza di tale variabile quando il "fattore OGM" sarà  prezzato, presumibilmente al ribasso rispetto ai prodotti non OGM.

Double Take Project: Using Applied Theatre For Campus Climate Change

Despite research gathered in the Campus Climate Report, I believe that it underrepresented the student experience of the social scene. The document primarily served as an identification tool for four major problems on campus: binge drinking, sexual assault, diversity, and disengagement in the classroom. Double Take Project also identifies similar issues however, this project uses theatrical techniques to gather the anecdotal reality of the student perspective. Double Take Project expands beyond the Campus Climate Report to inspire dialogue in a variety of student-to-student interactions and, more importantly, the project seeks action and solution plans. The social scene dominates our culture and its many issues result in concern for the safety, self-identity, and development of Bucknell students into thriving adults. Double Take Project is rooted in the belief that theatre is a palpable tool for social change. Over the course of many events, Double Take Project has utilized facets of theatre to provide opportunities to voice discontent, widen perception of normalcy on campus, and inspire confidence to act on personal beliefs. The Double Take Project uses many Applied Theatre methods to impact the social scene. For example, I conducted 36 student interviews and transformed the stories into a one-woman show, Rage Behind Curtains, which I performed at multiple venues across campus. I also used interviews to create a radio show airing one story per day. I conducted ten workshops with student groups, Fraternities and Sororities, and in the classroom utilizing Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) techniques. I also created a “social scene confessional” where I stood outside the Elaine Langone Center with a sign that read, “Tell me a story about the social scene” from a wide variety of Bucknell students. Finally, I have assembled a Forum Theatre Company based on Augusto Boal’s method of the spect-actor, utilizing participants as both actors and spectators in the theatre piece. All of the names indicated in this paper have been altered to protect the identity of the participants. While planning events and conducting various theatrical experiences, I learned that there are a series of internal and external issues contributing to our social environment. Internally, students are conflicted with personal beliefs while battling outward social pressure. Whether they are on the outskirts or center of the social scene determines their response to this conflict. For example, I have discovered that students on the borders of the social culture respond with criticism because they feel excluded, whereas the student’s centrally involved critique the culture in private and while their persona appears to not want change. Externally, there are many structural issues that contribute to the current social climate such as without Fraternity meal plans, Cafeteria space is not sufficient to feed all of the students, exclusive party culture, and gendered housing. Through meetings with Deans and staff, I have learned there are also problems between administration and students, resulting in resentment and blame. Although addressing structural issues would instigate immediate change, in my opinion, internal student conflicts are the primary cause for the current negative social atmosphere. I believe that pressure to conform is rooted in lack of personal identity. Because students simply do not know themselves, they form strong social groups that become the definition of themselves. Without confident self-awareness, large and powerful groups coerce students to accept social norms resulting in the individual’s outward distaste for change, yet internal discomfort.