898 resultados para role and powers
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Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a commercially available drug with research linking it to favourable muscle adaptations, post trauma. Molecular techniques were used to identify the G-CSF receptor in skeletal muscle and G-CSF treatment was used to determine the molecular mechanisms by which G-CSF enhances muscle growth and regeneration.
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Erythropoietin (EPO) primarily activates erythroid cell proliferation and growth and is active in several types of non-hematopoietic cells via its interaction with the EPO-receptor (EPO-R). This review focuses on the role of EPO in skeletal muscle. The EPO-R is expressed in skeletal muscle cells and EPO may promote myoblast differentiation and survival via the activation of the same signaling cascades as in hematopoietic cells, such as STAT5, MAPK and Akt. Inconsistent results exist with respect to the detection of the EPO-R mRNA and protein in muscle cells, tissue and across species and the use of non-specific EPO-R antibodies contributes to this problem. Additionally, the inability to reproducibly detect an activation of the known EPO-induced signaling pathways in skeletal muscle questions the functionality of the EPO-R in muscle in vivo. These equivocal findings make it difficult to distinguish between a direct effect of EPO on skeletal muscle, via the activation of its receptor, and an indirect effect resulting from a better oxygen supply to the muscle. Consequently, the precise role of EPO in skeletal muscle and its regulatory mechanism/s remain to be elucidated. Further studies are required to comprehensively establish the importance of EPO and its function in skeletal muscle health.
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The thesis explored the relationship between developmental trauma, substance use and offending behaviour. While a lack of sufficient power did not allow patterns and trajectories to emerge, it was demonstrated that developmental trauma was experienced disproportionally more in offender and substance using populations. Further, the study proposed the utility of the Good Lives Model in developing holistic treatment plans that encompass primary goods identified by these individuals.
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Evalua y examina nuevas perspectivas en relacion al rol y programa de trabajo del CDCC.
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There is substantial variability in the extent of the node dissection performed during radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Here, we review the diagnostic assessment of lymph node metastasis and the prognostic and therapeutic benefit for pelvic node dissection for bladder cancer. A review of the applicable urologic literature regarding the topics of lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer was conducted. Nodal metastasis above a limited or standard template is not uncommon, with up to 16% of all nodal metastasis detected proximal to the aortic bifurcation. However, skip metastasis is extremely rare. Proteins associated purely with epithelial tissue such as cytokeratin (CK)-19, CK-20, and uroplakin II have been observed in reportedly negative nodal specimens, which indicates that routine microscopic analysis of nodal tissue may miss small foci of metastatic cancer. In addition to the surgical technique, the total number of lymph nodes removed is influenced by patient anatomy and pathologic processing and therefore may be unsuitable as a procedural quality statement. Consecutively, meticulous removal of tissue within a defined and uniformly applied template may be more relevant than absolute nodal count. Observational cohort series indicate an improved oncologic outcome for patients undergoing extensive nodal dissection. The results of two randomized controlled trials addressing the extent of nodal dissection for bladder cancer are forthcoming.